A multi-layer multi-stage radial fixed bed reaction device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of multilayer multistage radial fixed bed reaction device, belong to fixed bed reaction device technical field.The device includes shell and the bunker in it, bunker is constituted by multilayer multistage annular independent sub-bunker, and the upper and lower end of each sub-bunker is equipped with sealing isolation device, and conveying device is equipped between adjacent sub-bunker, by the specific arrangement of inner sealing plate and outer sealing plate, forced gas sequentially flows through all sub-bunker according to preset path.This device solves the problem that inner layer active material is discarded in advance caused by traditional fixed bed outer layer material failure, i.e., overall replacement, realizes material partial replacement and echelon reuse;The height of bunker is reduced, the crushing during material loading is reduced, and its activity is protected.The utilization rate of material is significantly improved, resource waste and operating cost are reduced;Maintain stable reaction efficiency, guarantee continuous treatment effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of radial fixed bed reactors, and in particular to a multi-layer, multi-stage radial fixed bed reactor. Background Technology

[0002] In practical applications of radial fixed-bed reactors, most current technical solutions adopt an integrated feed zone design. However, this traditional design has gradually revealed a series of problems that urgently need to be addressed during long-term operation. From the perspective of feed utilization efficiency, due to the obvious gradient in the contact between the medium and the feed, the outer layer feed reacts first because it is in direct contact with the medium. When the outer layer feed has completely degraded, the inner layer feed often retains some activity. However, in actual operation, to ensure that the overall treatment effect of the reactor meets the preset standards, it is necessary to replace the entire feed. This results in a large amount of incompletely degraded inner layer feed being discarded prematurely, causing serious resource waste and significantly increasing operating costs. From the perspectives of operational convenience and material protection, the method of filling and replacing materials in bulk not only involves a huge amount of material replacement, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also, due to the large height difference in the material area, the materials are prone to collisions or impacts with the inner wall of the device when falling from a height during the filling process, resulting in broken material particles and structural damage, which directly affects their reactivity and service life. The integrated feed zone design also leads to stability issues in reaction efficiency. Before and after feed replacement, the activity state of the feed within the unit changes drastically, causing significant fluctuations in reaction efficiency and making it difficult to maintain stable processing results. This design cannot be adjusted locally based on real-time monitoring of usage; it can only be replaced in batches after overall failure. It cannot achieve on-demand replenishment or partial updates, severely restricting the application of radial fixed-bed reactors in high-precision, continuous operation scenarios and significantly negatively impacting their economy and reliability. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, this utility model provides a multi-layer and multi-level radial fixed bed reactor, which divides the overall feed zone into a multi-layer and multi-level structure, solves the problem of premature waste of the inner active feed caused by the failure of the outer feed layer in traditional fixed beds, and realizes the tiered reuse of feed, avoids packing breakage to protect its activity, stabilizes reaction efficiency, realizes local adjustment and renewal, and improves the economy, reliability and applicability of the device in high-precision continuous scenarios.

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is achieved as follows: A multi-layer, multi-stage radial fixed bed reactor includes an outer shell, which includes an air inlet and an air outlet. Inside the outer shell is a hopper, which includes multiple annular sub-hoppers. The inner and outer walls of the sub-hoppers are evenly distributed with ventilation holes. The sub-hoppers are arranged in multiple radial layers and multiple longitudinal stages, with the layers tightly fitted together. A conveying device is provided between adjacent sub-hoppers. Each radial layer of the silo is provided with a filling port at the upper end, which extends from the upper part of the outer shell; each radial layer of the silo is provided with a discharge port at the lower end, which extends from the lower part of the outer shell. The sub-bin is equipped with a switchable sealing isolation device at both the upper and lower ends. When the sealing isolation device is closed, the connection between the sub-bin and the upper and lower spaces can be completely blocked. The reaction device is equipped with an inner sealing plate and an annular outer sealing plate. Multiple inner sealing plates are disposed in the hollow part of the inner wall of the annular sub-material bin and are sealed to the inner wall of the sub-material bin. One end of multiple outer sealing plates is sealed to the inner wall of the outer shell, and the other end is fitted and sealed to the outer wall of the bin. The inner and outer sealing plates are used to change the flow direction of the gas entering the outer shell, ensuring that the gas medium entering from the air inlet is repeatedly processed through the entire sub-material bin and discharged through the air outlet.

[0005] Furthermore, the radial multilayer has ≥2 layers, and the longitudinal multilevel has ≥2 levels.

[0006] Furthermore, the sub-buckets located in the same radial layer have the same volume at each level.

[0007] Furthermore, each radial layer of sub-silos is equipped with 2-3 sets of conveying devices, which are used to longitudinally transport the material in the upper-level sub-silos to the corresponding sub-silos in the lower level.

[0008] Furthermore, the conveying device includes a transmission pipeline, valves, and / or feeding equipment.

[0009] Furthermore, the silo is configured with a two-level silo structure. The inner layer has two inner sealing plates, which are respectively set on the inner walls of the upper and lower sub-silos. One inner sealing plate is set at the upper end of the inner wall of the first-level sub-silo and one at the lower end of the inner wall of the second-level sub-silo. The height of the inner sealing plate is flush with the sealing isolation device of the corresponding sub-silo. The outer layer of the silo has two annular outer sealing plates, which are respectively set on the radial outer side of the second-level sub-silos. One outer sealing plate is set on the radial outer side of the sealing isolation device at the lower end of the first-level sub-silo and one on the radial outer side of the sealing isolation device at the upper end of the second-level sub-silo. The height of the outer sealing plate is flush with the sealing isolation device of the corresponding sub-silo.

[0010] Furthermore, the silo is configured with a three-level silo structure. The inner layer has three inner sealing plates, which are respectively set on the inner walls of the upper, middle and lower sub-silos. One inner sealing plate is set at the lower end of the inner wall of the top first-level and bottom third-level sub-silos, and one is set at the upper end of the inner wall of the second-level sub-silo. The height of the inner sealing plate is flush with the sealing isolation device of the corresponding sub-silo. The outer layer of the silo has three annular outer sealing plates, which are respectively set on the radial outer side of the three-level sub-silos. One outer sealing plate is set on the radial outer side of the sealing isolation device at the upper end of the first-level and third-level sub-silos, and one is set on the radial outer side of the sealing isolation device at the lower end of the second-level sub-silo. The height of the outer sealing plate is flush with the sealing isolation device of the corresponding sub-silo.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner and outer walls of the hopper are made of wire mesh, perforated steel plate, or Johnson mesh.

[0012] Furthermore, each radial layer of the silo is provided with 2-3 sets of filling ports and 2-3 sets of unloading ports.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: a multi-layer, multi-stage radial fixed-bed reactor has the following effects: Improve material utilization and reduce resource waste: The modular design of radial multi-layer and vertical multi-level independent sub-bins allows for the replacement of materials only in the failed sub-bins, while the materials in the inner layers and other sub-bins that have not been deactivated can continue to participate in the reaction, realizing the cascade reuse of materials, significantly improving overall utilization efficiency and reducing resource consumption.

[0014] Reduced operating costs: The multi-level sub-silo design reduces the filling height of a single silo, avoiding mechanical breakage of materials caused by high-drop filling, protecting the reactivity of materials and extending their service life; partial material replacement does not require the entire unit to be disassembled, reducing the amount of new material purchased and labor maintenance costs.

[0015] Ensuring stable reaction efficiency: The agents in the non-failed sub-buckets retain their original activity and can quickly resume normal reaction after restarting. This effectively avoids the large fluctuations in reaction efficiency caused by the sudden change in the activity of the agents in the entire hopper before and after the traditional overall material replacement, thus ensuring the continuity and stability of the gas treatment effect.

[0016] Improve the treatment compliance rate and expand the applicable scenarios: By constructing a forced flow channel through the inner and outer sealing plates, the gas is ensured to flow through all sub-bins in sequence along the preset path, which improves the gas-solid two-phase contact efficiency. The number and volume of sub-bins can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to large-flow industrial exhaust gas and high-precision purification conditions, thus broadening the application range of the device.

[0017] The present invention will be further explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the fixed-bed reaction device of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the AA cross-sectional structure of Embodiment 1 of the fixed-bed reaction device of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the fixed-bed reaction device of this utility model.

[0019] In the diagram: 1-hopper, 2-outer shell, 3-air inlet, 4-air outlet, 11-filling port, 12-discharge port, 13-sealing and isolation device, 14-inner sealing plate, 15-outer sealing plate, 16-conveying device, 20-sub-hopper. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Example 1: This embodiment describes a multi-layer, multi-stage radial fixed-bed reactor, as shown in Figures 1-2, which includes a shell 2, a hopper 1, a flow guiding and sealing assembly, and a material conveying device.

[0021] The outer shell 2 is a cylindrical pressure-bearing shell made of corrosion-resistant alloy steel to meet the high-pressure and high-temperature requirements of gaseous media. An air inlet 3, with a diameter adapted to the media flow rate, is located at the bottom of the shell and connects to an external gas source pipeline flange. An air outlet 4, located at the top of the shell, connects to the subsequent processing system. Both the inlet and outlet are equipped with pressure and flow monitoring interfaces to monitor the media flow status in real time. The shell 2 contains a silo 1, which consists of two coaxially arranged inner and outer silos in a ring shape, with a hollow cavity in between. An inner sealing plate 14 is provided, and the outer wall is connected to the shell via an outer sealing plate 15. These inner and outer sealing plates form a guiding cavity for gas flow within the silos 1 and shell 2. Both the inner and outer walls of the two silos 1 are densely covered with ventilation holes. The inner and outer walls can be made of wire mesh, perforated steel plate, or Johnson mesh (with pore size and distribution density adapted to gas flow and material retention requirements).

[0022] The inner and outer layers of the silo 1 are provided with 2-3 sets of filling ports 11 symmetrically distributed radially at the upper end. The filling ports 11 extend from the top of the outer shell 2 and are sealed and welded to the top wall of the outer shell 2. The lower end is provided with 2-3 sets of discharge ports 12, corresponding to the filling ports 11. The discharge ports 12 extend from the bottom of the outer shell 2 and are also sealed and welded to the bottom wall of the outer shell 2.

[0023] The inner and outer layers of the hopper 1 are both divided into two levels along the longitudinal direction within the outer shell 2 (from top to bottom, they are the first level and the second level), forming four sub-hoppers 20 (outer first level, outer second level, inner first level, and inner second level). The sub-hoppers 20 located in the same radial layer have the same volume at each level (the outer first level and outer second level have the same volume, and the inner first level and inner second level have the same volume).

[0024] Each sub-bin 20 is equipped with a switchable sealing isolation device 13 (such as a gate valve or sealing cover) at both the upper and lower ends, which can completely block the communication between the sub-bin and the upper and lower spaces when closed. A conveying device 16 is provided between adjacent sub-bins 20, with 2-3 conveying devices 16 symmetrically arranged in each radial layer, used to convey the material in the sub-bin of the previous level in the same radial layer to the next level. Hemispherical valves and / or rotary feeders can be used.

[0025] Two inner sealing plates 14 are provided in the inner cavity of the silo 1. The inner sealing plates 14 are sealed and welded to the inner wall of the silo 1. They are respectively set on the inner wall of the secondary sub-silo 20. One is set at the upper end of the inner wall of the top first-level sub-silo 20 and one is set at the lower end of the inner wall of the bottom second-level sub-silo 20. The height of the inner sealing plates 14 is flush with the sealing isolation device 13 of the corresponding sub-silo 20. Two annular outer sealing plates 15 are provided on the outer layer of the silo 1. One end of the outer sealing plate 15 is sealed and welded to the inner wall of the outer shell 2, and the other end is sealed and welded to the outer wall of the silo 1. They are respectively set on the radial outer side of the secondary sub-silo 20. One is set on the radial outer side of the sealing isolation device 13 at the lower end of the first-level sub-silo 20 and one is set on the radial outer side of the sealing isolation device 13 at the upper end of the second-level sub-silo 20. The height of the outer sealing plates 15 is flush with the sealing isolation device 13 of the corresponding sub-silo 20.

[0026] The inner sealing plate 14 and the outer sealing plate 15 are used to change the flow direction of the gas entering the outer shell 2, ensuring that the gas medium entering from the air inlet 3 is processed inside the entire sub-bin 20 and then discharged through the air outlet 4. The specific flow path is as follows: After the gas medium enters the bottom space of the outer shell 2 through the air inlet 3, it flows along the material bin 1, outer shell 2, inner sealing plate 14 and outer sealing plate 15 to form a drainage cavity. The gas medium first encounters the inner sealing plate 14 at the lower end of the inner wall of the second-stage sub-material bin 20, which forms a lateral obstruction. The gas cannot flow directly upward. Under the obstruction of the inner sealing plate 14, it is forced to turn to the outer area inside the outer shell 2. After the gas turns to the outside, it reaches the outer position of the outer second-stage sub-material bin 20 and enters the outer second-stage sub-material bin 20 through the vent hole on its outer wall. Then it flows out through the inner wall of the inner second-stage sub-material bin 20 and enters the intermediate space formed by the upper and lower inner sealing plates 14. The gas flows upward in the intermediate space, enters the bin body through the inner wall of the inner first-stage sub-material bin 20, and then flows out from the outer wall of the outer first-stage sub-material bin 20 and enters the upper space of the outer shell 2. Finally, it is discharged through the air outlet 4 set at the upper part of the outer shell 2.

[0027] The material filled in the silo 1 is spherical or blocky particles.

[0028] This embodiment of a multi-layer, multi-stage radial fixed-bed reactor has the following effects: 1. Improve material utilization and reduce resource waste: By dividing the silo into 4 independent sub-silos, partial replacement can be achieved. When the material in a certain sub-silo becomes ineffective, only that part is replaced, and the remaining ineffective material can continue to be used. This avoids the situation where a large amount of incompletely ineffective material in the inner layer is discarded prematurely due to traditional whole-body replacement, significantly improving the overall utilization rate of materials and reducing resource waste. 2. Reduced operating costs: The reduced amount of feed replacement directly lowers raw material procurement costs; Reduced feed breakage and protection of feed activity: The feed hopper's filling port extends from the top of the outer shell, eliminating the need for feed particles to fall from a height during loading, thus avoiding collisions between feed particles and with the inner wall of the device. This reduces feed breakage and structural damage, protects the feed's reactivity, and extends its service life. 3. Improved operational convenience: Each sub-bin is equipped with a sealing isolation device, and adjacent sub-bins are equipped with conveying devices. When changing materials in a part, it is not necessary to empty the entire material area, which simplifies the replacement process, saves manpower and time, and reduces the intensity of operation.

[0029] 4. Ensure stable reaction efficiency: When the feed is partially replaced, the other unaffected sub-buckets can still work normally, avoiding the large fluctuations in reaction efficiency caused by the drastic changes in the activity state of the feed before and after the traditional overall replacement, thus ensuring the continuity and stability of the treatment effect. 5. Expanding the application scenarios of the device: The stable reaction efficiency and flexible partial replacement capability enable the device to adapt to high-precision and continuous operation scenarios, improving the economy and reliability of the device and expanding its application range.

[0030] Example 2: This embodiment describes a multi-layer, multi-stage radial fixed-bed reactor, such as... Figure 3 As shown, this device is used in a blast furnace gas desulfurization system. Each unit can be filled with 230 cubic meters of feedstock. The device has a diameter of 4.5m and a height of 22m. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that: The hopper 1 is divided into three levels (upper level, middle level, and lower level) along the longitudinal direction within the outer shell 2, forming 6 independent sub-hoppers 20 (outer first level, outer second level, outer third level, inner first level, inner second level, and inner third level). The sub-hoppers 20 located in the same radial layer have the same volume for each level.

[0031] The inner layer of silo 1 has three inner sealing plates 14, corresponding to the following positions: ① lower end of the inner wall of the first-level sub-silo 20; ② upper end of the inner wall of the second-level sub-silo 20; ③ lower end of the inner wall of the third-level sub-silo 20. The inner sealing plates 14 are all welded to the inner wall of silo 1, and their height is aligned with the height of the sealing isolation device 13 of the corresponding sub-silo 20. The outer layer of silo 1 has three annular outer seals 15, corresponding to the following positions: ① radially outer side of the upper sealing isolation device 13 of the first-level sub-silo 20; ② radially outer side of the lower sealing isolation device 13 of the second-level sub-silo 20; ③ radially outer side of the upper sealing isolation device 13 of the third-level sub-silo 20. One end of the outer seal 15 is welded to the inner wall of the outer shell 2, and the other end is sealed against the outer wall of silo 1.

[0032] The purpose of setting the inner sealing plate 14 and the outer sealing plate 15 is to form a guide channel by blocking the airflow, so that the gas medium flows through all the sub-hoppers 20 in sequence and then exits the outer shell 2. The specific gas flow direction is as follows: After the gas medium enters the outer shell 2 through the air inlet 3, it first enters the bottom space of the outer shell 2. Due to the lateral obstruction formed by the inner sealing plate 14 at the lower end of the inner wall of the inner third-stage sub-hopper 20, the gas cannot flow directly upward. Under the obstruction of the inner sealing plate 14, it is forced to turn to the outer area inside the outer shell 2. After the gas turns outward and reaches the outer position of the outer third-level sub-material bin 20, it is blocked by the outer sealing plate 15 at the upper end of the outer third-level sub-material bin 20 and cannot go upward. It turns and enters the outer third-level sub-material bin 20 through the vent hole on its outer wall. After reacting with the material inside the bin, it flows out through the vent hole on the inner wall of the inner third-level sub-material bin 20 and enters the intermediate space formed by the inner sealing plate 14 at the upper end of the inner wall of the inner second-level sub-material bin 20 and the lower end of the inner wall of the inner third-level sub-material bin 20. The gas flows upward in the intermediate space, is blocked by the inner sealing plate 14 at the upper end of the inner second-level sub-material silo 20, and turns to enter the inner second-level sub-material silo 20 (through the vent holes in the inner wall). After reacting with the material in the silo, it flows out from the vent holes in the outer wall of the outer second-level sub-material silo 20 and enters the outer space formed between the outer sealing plate 15 at the upper end of the outer first-level sub-material silo 20 and the outer sealing plate 15 at the lower end of the second-level sub-material silo 20. The gas continues to flow upward in the outer space, but is blocked by the outer sealing plate 15 at the upper end of the outer first-stage sub-material bin 20. It then turns inward and enters through the vent hole on the outer wall of the outer first-stage sub-material bin 20. After reacting with the agent inside the bin, it flows out through the vent hole on the inner wall of the inner first-stage sub-material bin 20 and enters the upper space of the outer shell 2. Finally, it is discharged through the air outlet 4 located on the upper part of the outer shell 2.

[0033] The beneficial effects are the same as in Example 1. Because the device is designed to be relatively tall, the silo is designed to be three-stage in order to prevent the material from being damaged during filling. If more stages and more layers are required, the design concept is the same. By changing the position of the inner sealing plate 14 and the outer sealing plate 15, the flow direction of the gas entering the outer shell 2 is changed, ensuring that the gas medium passes through all the sub-silos 20 before being discharged.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the preferred arrangement, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-layer, multi-stage radial fixed-bed reactor, comprising a shell (2), the shell (2) including an air inlet (3) and an air outlet (4), and a hopper (1) disposed inside the shell (2), characterized in that, The silo (1) includes multiple annular sub-silos (20). The inner and outer walls of the sub-silos (20) are evenly distributed with ventilation holes. They are arranged in multiple layers in the radial direction and multiple levels in the longitudinal direction, with each layer tightly attached to the next. A conveying device (16) is provided between adjacent sub-silos (20). Each radial layer of the silo (1) is provided with a filling port (11) at the upper end, and the filling port (11) extends from the upper part of the outer shell (2); each radial layer of the silo (1) is provided with a discharge port (12) at the lower end, and the discharge port (12) extends from the lower part of the outer shell (2); The sub-bin (20) is provided with a switchable sealing isolation device (13) at both the upper and lower ends. When the sealing isolation device (13) is closed, the connection between the sub-bin (20) and the upper and lower spaces can be completely blocked. The reaction device is provided with an inner sealing plate (14) and an annular outer sealing plate (15). Multiple inner sealing plates (14) are located in the hollow part of the inner wall of the annular sub-material bin (20) and are sealed to the inner wall of the sub-material bin (20). One end of multiple outer sealing plates (15) is sealed to the inner wall of the outer shell (2) and the other end is sealed to the outer wall of the material bin (1). The inner sealing plate (14) and the outer sealing plate (15) are used to change the flow direction of the gas entering the outer shell (2) to ensure that the gas medium entering from the air inlet (3) is repeatedly processed through the inside of all the sub-material bins (20) and discharged through the air outlet (4).

2. The multi-layer, multi-stage radial fixed-bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radial multi-layer structure has ≥2 layers, and the longitudinal multi-level structure has ≥2 levels.

3. The multi-layer, multi-stage radial fixed-bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sub-buckets (20) located in the same radial layer have the same volume at each level.

4. The multi-layer, multi-stage radial fixed-bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are 2-3 sets of conveying devices (16) between each radial layer sub-silos (20), which are used to longitudinally convey the material in the upper-level sub-silos (20) to the corresponding sub-silos (20) of the next level.

5. The multi-layer, multi-stage radial fixed-bed reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The conveying device (16) includes a transmission pipeline, valves and / or feeding equipment.

6. The multi-layer, multi-stage radial fixed-bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silo (1) is provided with a two-level silo structure. The inner layer is provided with two inner sealing plates (14), which are respectively set on the inner walls of the upper and lower sub-silos (20). One is set on the upper end of the inner wall of the first sub-silo (20) and the lower end of the inner wall of the second sub-silo (20). The height of the inner sealing plate (14) is flush with the sealing isolation device (13) of the corresponding sub-silo (20). The outer layer of the silo (1) is provided with two annular outer sealing plates (15), which are respectively set on the radial outer side of the second sub-silo (20). One is set on the radial outer side of the sealing isolation device (13) at the lower end of the first sub-silo (20) and the radial outer side of the sealing isolation device (13) at the upper end of the second sub-silo (20). The height of the outer sealing plate (15) is flush with the sealing isolation device (13) of the corresponding sub-silo (20).

7. The multi-layer, multi-stage radial fixed-bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silo (1) is provided with a 3-level silo structure. The inner layer is provided with 3 inner sealing plates (14), which are respectively set on the inner walls of the upper, middle and lower sub-silos (20). One is set at the lower end of the inner wall of the top first level and the bottom third level sub-silos (20) and at the upper end of the inner wall of the second level sub-silos (20). The height of the inner sealing plate (14) is flush with the sealing isolation device (13) of the corresponding sub-silos (20). The outer layer of the silo (1) is provided with 3 annular outer sealing plates (15), which are respectively set on the radial outer side of the three-level sub-silos (20). One is set on the radial outer side of the sealing isolation device (13) at the upper end of the first level and the third level sub-silos (20) and on the radial outer side of the sealing isolation device (13) at the lower end of the second level sub-silos (20). The height of the outer sealing plate (15) is flush with the sealing isolation device (13) of the corresponding sub-silos (20).

8. The multi-layer, multi-stage radial fixed-bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner and outer walls of the silo (1) are made of wire mesh, perforated steel plate or Johnson mesh.

9. The multi-layer, multi-stage radial fixed-bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the silos (1) in each radial layer is provided with 2-3 sets of filling ports (11) and 2-3 sets of unloading ports (12).

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