A photomultiplier tube welding apparatus and photomultiplier tube

Abstract

The application discloses a photomultiplier tube welding device and a photomultiplier tube, relates to the photomultiplier tube manufacturing field, and solves the problems of poor consistency of existing resistance welding and the like. The photomultiplier tube welding device comprises at least one lower die, a platform provided above the lower die for mounting a dynode and a metal support, at least two oppositely arranged upper dies, the two upper dies can be moved to opposite sides of the lower die, and the dynode and the metal support are tightly fixed on the platform; the two upper dies are each provided with a slit for allowing laser to pass through, the slit is aligned with a welding position after the dynode and the metal support are fixed, each upper die is correspondingly provided with a set of moving control mechanisms for controlling movement of the upper die, at least one set of laser welding mechanisms are used for aligning with the slit, and laser welding is performed on the welding position through the slit. The application scheme improves the precision, firmness and consistency of welding between the dynode and the metal support, avoids introduction of impurities, and improves the welding speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photomultiplier tube manufacturing technology, and in particular to a photomultiplier tube welding equipment and a photomultiplier tube. Background Technology

[0002] A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a vacuum electronic device that converts weak light signals into electrical signals. It mainly consists of a photocathode, a multiplication system, and an anode. When light shines on the photocathode, it excites photoelectrons. These photoelectrons enter the multiplication system and are amplified. The amplified electrons are then collected by the anode and output. The multiplication system, as the core component, is extremely important. A typical PMT includes multiple dynodes arranged in a specific pattern, which are fixed and assembled by soldering to a metal support.

[0003] Traditional resistance welding process involves applying mechanical pressure to a stainless steel multiplier electrode (with a multiplier electrode thickness of approximately 0.15mm to 0.2mm) and a metal support using a copper electrode, and then using a DC current (800-1500A) for 5ms to generate heat through the resistance of the copper electrode material itself, thereby melting the metal for welding.

[0004] like Figure 1 As shown, the traditional resistance welding process is as follows: After manually positioning the dynode 1 and the metal support 2, place them between the copper electrode A and the copper electrode B; then manually adjust the position of the copper electrode A to press it against the weld joint of the dynode 1 and the metal support 2; then apply current, and the welding is completed after the metal at the weld joint of the dynode 1 and the metal support 2 melts.

[0005] However, traditional resistance welding has the following drawbacks:

[0006] Poor consistency: Due to the manual adjustment of the positions of copper electrodes A and B and the manual tightening, the pressure control is not precise, resulting in poor consistency of solder joint strength and large dispersion of tensile strength of solder joints (as shown in Table 1, 70N~150N appear randomly).

[0007] Oxidation Issue: The cathode surface of a photocathode is the core of photoelectric conversion. It is typically formed by activating alkali metals, causing them to adhere to the cathode surface. Due to the contact with oxygen at the solder joint during the welding process, the oxidized area at the solder joint can reach 3-7 mm. 2 However, the oxidation site will adsorb alkali metal during the later alkali metal activation process, affecting the fabrication of the cathode surface.

[0008] Impurity contamination: Copper electrodes are prone to wear after use, and wear can introduce Cu elements into the solder joints (as shown in Table 2, XRF detection shows Cu content of 5-16 wt%). The presence of Cu elements will lead to an increase in the amount of alkali metal adsorbed at the solder joints during the activation process. Utility Model Content

[0009] This application provides a photomultiplier tube welding device and a photomultiplier tube, which can solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems or other similar problems in the prior art.

[0010] In a first aspect, a photomultiplier tube welding device is provided, comprising:

[0011] At least one lower die; a platform for mounting the multiplier electrode and metal bracket is provided above the lower die;

[0012] At least two opposing upper molds; the two upper molds can move to opposite sides of the lower mold and press and fix the dynode and the metal support on the platform; and both upper molds are provided with slits for the laser to pass through, and after the dynode and the metal support are fixed, the slits are aligned with the welding position of the dynode and the metal support;

[0013] Each of the upper molds is provided with a set of movement control mechanisms to control the movement of the upper mold;

[0014] At least one laser welding mechanism is used to align the slit and perform laser welding on the welding positions of the dynode and the metal support through the slit.

[0015] Optionally, the lower mold includes a base, and the platform is provided on the top of the base;

[0016] The upper mold includes a first part and a second part at a preset angle to the first part; when the two upper molds move to opposite sides of the lower mold and press the multiplier electrode and the metal bracket onto the platform, the first part is close to the side of the base, and the second part presses the multiplier electrode and the metal bracket onto the platform.

[0017] Optionally, the second part is provided with a groove, the end of the groove near the first part is open, and the other end is provided with the slit.

[0018] Optionally, each set of the motion control structures includes a pressure sensor and a pneumatic guide rail;

[0019] The pressure sensor is disposed on the first side of the upper mold facing the lower mold, and is used to detect the pressure between the upper mold and the lower mold;

[0020] The pneumatic guide rail is located on the second side opposite to the first side and is used to control the movement of the upper mold according to the pressure.

[0021] Optionally, each set of laser welding mechanisms includes two laser welders, each laser welder being used to align with a slit in one of the upper molds and to perform laser welding on the welding positions of the dynode and the metal bracket through the slit.

[0022] Optionally, the photomultiplier tube welding equipment also includes:

[0023] At least one gas nozzle is used to form an inert gas curtain area at the welding position of the dynode and the metal support.

[0024] Optionally, the photomultiplier tube welding equipment includes at least one welding position, and each welding position is respectively provided with two upper molds, two sets of movement control mechanisms and one set of laser welding mechanisms;

[0025] The photomultiplier tube welding equipment also includes:

[0026] A turntable is provided with multiple mounting slots, and the lower mold can be installed in the mounting slots; the turntable can drive the mounting slots to the welding position for welding.

[0027] In a second aspect, a photomultiplier tube is provided, comprising a dynode and a metal support, wherein the dynode and the metal support are welded using a photomultiplier tube welding device as described above.

[0028] This application provides a novel photomultiplier tube welding device. The dynode and metal support are mounted on a platform of a lower mold. Two upper molds, working in conjunction with the lower mold, effectively fix the dynode and metal support. A movement control mechanism allows for effective control of the movement of the two upper molds, achieving automated and precise control of the clamping position and force between the dynode and metal support. This improves the accuracy, strength, and consistency of the welding between the dynode and metal support. Furthermore, the upper molds have slits at the welding positions of the dynode and metal support, allowing the laser to pass through, enabling non-contact laser welding, avoiding the introduction of impurities, and improving the weld's strength and speed. This solution overcomes a series of shortcomings of traditional resistance welding methods, improving the performance of the photomultiplier tube. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This diagram shows the structure of existing welding equipment.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photomultiplier tube welding equipment provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 3 This is another structural schematic diagram of the photomultiplier tube welding equipment provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 4 This is another structural schematic diagram of the photomultiplier tube welding equipment provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 5a This image shows a high-magnification view of a solder joint made using a traditional process.

[0034] Figure 5b This image shows a high-magnification view of the weld joint using the welding equipment described in this application.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0036] 1-Multiplier pole 1; 2-Metal bracket; 3-Lower mold; 31-Base; 32-Platform; 4-Upper mold; 41-First part; 42-Second part; 421-Groove; 422-Slit; 5-Movement control mechanism; 51-Pressure sensor; 52-Pneumatic guide rail; 6-Gas nozzle; 61-Air curtain area; 7-Laser welding mechanism; 8-Fixing device; 9-Turntable; 91-Mounting slot. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0038] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same class, not limited in number; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0039] The embodiments provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through some examples and application scenarios.

[0040] See Figures 2 to 4As shown in the figure, this application provides a photomultiplier tube welding device, including: at least one lower mold 3, at least two oppositely arranged upper molds 4, at least two sets of movement control mechanisms 5, and at least one set of laser welding mechanisms 7; a platform 32 is provided above the lower mold 3 for mounting the dynode 1 and the metal support 2; the two upper molds 4 can move to opposite sides of the lower mold 3 and press and fix the dynode 1 and the metal support 2 on the platform 32; and both upper molds 4 are provided with slits 422 for laser to pass through, after the dynode 1 and the metal support 2 are fixed, the slits 422 are aligned with the welding positions of the dynode 1 and the metal support 2; each upper mold 4 is correspondingly provided for controlling the movement of the upper mold 4; the laser welding mechanism 7 is used to align with the slits 422 and perform laser welding on the welding positions of the dynode 1 and the metal support 2 through the slits 422.

[0041] The photomultiplier tube welding equipment provided in this application embodiment has a dynode 1 and a metal support 2 mounted on a platform 32 of a lower mold 3. Two upper molds 4 cooperate with the lower mold 3 to effectively fix the dynode 1 and the metal support 2. A movement control mechanism 5 effectively controls the movement of the two upper molds 4, achieving automated and precise control of the clamping position and clamping force between the dynode 1 and the metal support 2, thereby improving the accuracy, strength, and consistency of the welding between the dynode 1 and the metal support 2. Furthermore, the upper mold 4 has a slit 422 for the laser to pass through at the welding position of the dynode 1 and the metal support 2, realizing non-contact laser welding, avoiding the introduction of impurities, and improving the weld strength and welding speed. The solution of this application solves a series of shortcomings of traditional resistance welding methods and improves the performance of the photomultiplier tube.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the lower mold 3 includes a base 31, and a platform 32 is provided on the top of the base 31; the upper mold 4 includes a first part 41 and a second part 42 at a preset angle to the first part 41; when the two upper molds 4 move to opposite sides of the lower mold 3 and press and fix the multiplier 1 and the metal support 2 on the platform 32, the first part 41 is close to the side of the base 31, and the second part 42 presses the multiplier 1 and the metal support 2 on the platform 32.

[0043] At this time, as Figure 3 As shown, the base 31 of the lower mold 3 and the platform 32 on its top can better cooperate with the first part 41 and the second part 42 of the upper mold 4. Specifically, when the two upper molds 4 are arranged opposite to each other and approach the lower mold 3, the two first parts 41 approach the two opposite sides of the base 31, and at the same time, the two second parts 42 extend from opposite ends onto the platform 32 to apply pressure to the multiplier 1 and the metal support 2 until they are pressed together.

[0044] The base 31 can be rectangular, prismatic, cylindrical, etc., and the platform 32 of the base 31 is basically perpendicular to the side. Preferably, the base 31 is rectangular. In this case, the contact surface between the second part 42 and the base 31 is larger, which can better balance the force, facilitate the measurement of the clamping force between the two, and facilitate processing.

[0045] The preset angle between the first part 41 and the second part 42 can be the same as the angle between the base 31 and the platform 32, such as 90 degrees or approximately 90 degrees, so that while the first part 41 is close to the side of the base 31, the second part 42 can smoothly extend onto the platform 32 to press the multiplier electrode 1 and the metal bracket 2.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the second part 42 is provided with a groove 421, the end of the groove 421 near the first part 41 is open, and the other end is provided with a slit 422.

[0047] At this time, as Figure 2 As shown, the laser beam 71 can be shot almost parallel from one end of the opening of the groove 421 into the slit 422 at the other end to weld the exposed welding position of the slit 422. This shortens the laser beam range, ensures the welding effect, and improves the welding speed.

[0048] As a preferred implementation method, continue as follows Figure 2 As shown, each set of movement control structures 5 includes a pressure sensor 51 and a pneumatic guide rail 52. The pressure sensor 51 is located on the first side of the upper mold 4 facing the lower mold 3 and is used to detect the pressure between the upper mold 4 and the lower mold 3. The pneumatic guide rail 52 is located on the second side opposite to the first side and is used to control the movement of the upper mold 4 according to the pressure.

[0049] At this time, through the cooperation of pressure sensor 51 and pneumatic guide rail 52, the clamping force applied by the two upper molds 4 to the multiplier 1 and metal bracket 2 can be precisely controlled, which not only frees up manpower and improves work efficiency, but also improves accuracy and consistency.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, each laser welding mechanism 7 includes two laser welders, each laser welder being used to align with the slit 422 of an upper mold 4 and to perform laser welding on the welding positions of the dynode 1 and the metal support 2 through the slit 422.

[0051] At this time, two laser welders are set up for the two slits 422, which can simultaneously weld the welding positions at the two slits 422, further improving the welding efficiency.

[0052] In this embodiment of the application, the laser welding mechanism 7 may also include a laser welder, which is used to alternately weld the welding positions at the two slits 422.

[0053] Among them, such as Figure 4 As shown, the laser welder can be fixed by the fixing device 8. The laser welder can be a fiber laser.

[0054] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 2 As shown, the photomultiplier tube welding equipment also includes:

[0055] At least one gas nozzle 6 is used to form an inert gas curtain region 61 at the welding position of the multiplier electrode 1 and the metal support 2.

[0056] At this time, the gas nozzle 6 can form an inert gas curtain area 61. Welding under the protection of inert gas in the air curtain area 61 can avoid the problem of weld oxidation.

[0057] Among them, a gas nozzle 6 can be set at the location of each group of laser welding mechanism 7, with the nozzle facing the welding position of the lower mold 3. When multiple groups of laser welding mechanisms 7 work at the same time, it can ensure that the welding point oxidation problem is avoided under the protection of inert gas in the air curtain area 61.

[0058] As a preferred embodiment, the photomultiplier tube welding equipment of this application includes at least one welding position, and each welding position is respectively provided with two upper molds 4, two sets of movement control mechanisms 5, and one set of laser welding mechanisms 7; for example Figure 4 As shown, the photomultiplier tube welding equipment also includes a turntable 9, on which multiple mounting slots 91 are provided. The lower mold 3 can be installed in the mounting slots 91. The turntable 9 can move the mounting slots 3 to the welding position for welding.

[0059] In this case, during use, a lower mold 3 can be inserted into one or more mounting slots 91 of the turntable 9, and a dynode 1 and a metal bracket 2 can be mounted on the lower mold 3. The mounting slot 91 containing the lower mold 3 is rotated to a welding position. Two sets of movement control mechanisms 5 at the welding position control the movement of two upper molds 4, so that the two upper molds 4 press the dynode 1 and the metal bracket 2 on the lower mold 3. Then, the laser welding mechanism 7 (two laser welders) is started to perform welding. After the dynode 1 and the metal bracket 2 at one mounting slot 91 are welded, the turntable 9 can be rotated to move the next mounting slot 91 to the welding position for welding, and the welded component can be removed from the turntable 9, realizing uninterrupted operation and improving processing efficiency.

[0060] The following is a specific application example illustrating the embodiments of this application:

[0061] The photomultiplier tube welding equipment of this application embodiment includes a turntable 9, on which 6, 8, 10, or 12 mounting slots 91 can be provided (the number of mounting slots can be adjusted and set according to requirements). The welding equipment also includes 2, 3, or 4 welding positions (the welding positions can be adjusted and set according to requirements). Each welding position is provided with two upper molds 4, two sets of movement control mechanisms 5, and one set of laser welding mechanisms 7. Each upper mold 4 corresponds to one set of movement control mechanisms 5, and each set of movement control mechanisms 5 includes a pressure sensor 51 and a pneumatic guide rail 52. Each welding position corresponds to one set of laser welding mechanisms 7, and the laser welding mechanism 7 includes two laser welders that can emit laser beams 71 towards the slits 422 of the two upper molds 4. The welding equipment also includes multiple lower molds 3, each lower mold 3 including a base 31 and a platform 32. The upper molds 4 include a first part 41 and a second part 42. The first part 41 is located near the side of the base 31, and the second part 42 can press the multiplier electrode 1 and the metal support 2 on the platform 32. The second part 42 is provided with a groove 421, one end of which is open and the other end is provided with a slit 422.

[0062] The working process of the above-mentioned photomultiplier tube welding equipment is as follows:

[0063] S1. Material preparation.

[0064] Prepare 1 multiplier electrode and 2 metal support: stainless steel sheet, thickness 0.15mm~0.2mm, surface roughness Ra 1μm.

[0065] S2, Welding process.

[0066] S2.1 Place the multiplier 1 and the metal bracket 2 into the lower mold 3 respectively, and then place the lower mold 3 containing the multiplier 1 and the metal bracket 2 into the mounting slot 91 of the turntable 9.

[0067] S2.2 Rotate the turntable 9 to the middle of the two upper molds 4 according to the program requirements. The pneumatic guide rail 52 starts to slide and work together with the pressure sensor 51 to achieve close contact and consistent pressure at the welding point of the multiplier electrode 1 and the metal bracket 2.

[0068] S2.3 The laser welder, fixed to a specific position by the fixing device 8, starts working, releases the laser beam 71, and completes the welding under the protection of inert gas in the air curtain area 61 controlled by the gas nozzle 6.

[0069] S2.4 Remove the lower mold 3 containing the multiplier 1 and the metal bracket 2, and remove the welded multiplier 1 and the metal bracket 2 to complete the welding.

[0070] The photomultiplier tube welding equipment of this application solves a series of problems in traditional resistance welding processes, such as weld point oxidation, poor weld point firmness consistency, and introduction of impurities into the weld point, through non-contact laser welding, precise pressure control, and inert gas protection, thereby improving the performance of the photomultiplier tube.

[0071] The embodiments of this application provide the following comparative experimental examples:

[0072] Ten identical sets of dynode 1 and metal support 2 (stainless steel sheet, thickness 0.15mm~0.2mm, surface roughness Ra 1μm) were prepared. Five sets were welded using the novel photomultiplier tube welding equipment of this application, and the other five sets were welded using traditional resistance welding process. After welding, the weld tensile strength of the 10 sets of dynode 1 and metal support 2 was tested under the same experimental conditions. The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0073] Traditional crafts 70N 150N 80N 80N 100N The process of this application 132N 128N 134N 126N 130N

[0074] Table 1 Comparison of tensile strength tests on weld joints

[0075] Tensile testing was performed using an electronic universal testing machine (loading rate 2 mm / min). As shown in Table 1, the average tensile force of the weld joints of the dynode 1 and metal support 2, welded using the welding equipment described in this application, reached 130 N (standard deviation 3.2 N), essentially evenly distributed around 130 N, indicating strong and consistent tensile force. In contrast, the tensile force of traditional processes was dispersed between 70 N and 150 N, with only one piece exceeding 130 N, indicating generally weaker tensile force and poor consistency.

[0076] From the 10 sets of welded dynodes 1 and metal supports 2, one set of dynodes 1 and metal supports 2 made using the conventional process and one set of dynodes 1 and metal supports 2 made using the process described in this application were randomly selected. The two sets of welded dynodes 1 and metal supports 2 were subjected to XRF (X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer) detection and analysis of the weld joints under the same experimental conditions. The experimental results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0077]

[0078] Table 2 Comparison of XRF detection results for solder joints

[0079] As shown in Table 2, XRF analysis revealed that the Cu content at the solder joints of the dynode 1 and metal support 2, welded using the welding equipment described in this application, was <0.05 wt%, with no Cu impurity peaks observed. Actual processing verification showed that the alkali metal adsorption was reduced compared to traditional processes, and therefore had virtually no impact on cathode surface fabrication. In contrast, traditional processes resulted in 15% Cu content at the solder joints, and actual processing verification showed that the alkali metal adsorption was increased, which would affect cathode surface fabrication.

[0080] From the 10 sets of welded dynodes 1 and metal supports 2, one set fabricated using conventional technology and one set fabricated using the technology described in this application were randomly selected. The solder joints of the two sets of welded dynodes 1 and metal supports 2 were magnified and photographed. The resulting high-magnification images are shown below. Figure 5a and 5b As shown. From Figure 5a It can be seen that the solder joints of the traditional process are severely oxidized. From Figure 5b It can be seen that welding using the welding equipment of this application results in virtually no oxidation, with the oxidation area of ​​the weld joint being <0.03mm. 2 .

[0081] The photomultiplier tube welding equipment of this application adopts a symmetrical clamping structure, driven by a pneumatic cylinder-type pneumatic guide rail (e.g., 0.2-0.5MPa), with real-time feedback from a pressure sensor (accuracy ±0.1MPa) to ensure uniform and accurate pressure at the contact point (measured deviation <3%). It also employs a laser welder (e.g., a fiber laser, wavelength 1064nm, pulse width 15μs, frequency 25kHz), with a focused spot diameter of 0.15mm and an energy density of 120J / cm². 2 Compared to resistance welding, this method achieves higher welding strength. Argon gas (e.g., 99.99% purity) is ejected from a gas nozzle to form a laminar flow curtain (flow rate 8 L / min), with oxygen content controlled to <5 ppm. This solves a series of problems associated with traditional resistance welding, such as weld oxidation, poor weld strength consistency, and the introduction of impurities into the weld, thus improving the performance of the photomultiplier tube.

[0082] This application embodiment also provides a photomultiplier tube, including a dynode 1 and a metal support 2, wherein the dynode 1 and the metal support 2 are welded using the photomultiplier tube welding equipment described above.

[0083] It should be noted that the photomultiplier tubes provided in this application embodiment are welded using the photomultiplier tube welding equipment described in the above embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described in detail here.

[0084] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0085] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A photomultiplier tube welding device, characterized in that, include: At least one lower die; a platform for mounting the multiplier electrode and metal bracket is provided above the lower die; At least two upper molds arranged opposite each other; The two upper molds can move to opposite sides of the lower mold and press and fix the dynode and the metal support on the platform; and both upper molds are provided with slits for the laser to pass through. After the dynode and the metal support are fixed, the slits are aligned with the welding position of the dynode and the metal support. Each of the upper molds is provided with a set of movement control mechanisms to control the movement of the upper mold; At least one laser welding mechanism is used to align the slit and perform laser welding on the welding positions of the dynode and the metal support through the slit.

2. The photomultiplier tube welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower mold includes a base, and the platform is provided on the top of the base; The upper mold includes a first part and a second part at a preset angle to the first part; when the two upper molds move to opposite sides of the lower mold and press the multiplier electrode and the metal bracket onto the platform, the first part is close to the side of the base, and the second part presses the multiplier electrode and the metal bracket onto the platform.

3. The photomultiplier tube welding equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second part is provided with a groove, the end of which is open near the first part and the other end is provided with the slit.

4. The photomultiplier tube welding equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned motion control mechanisms includes a pressure sensor and a pneumatic guide rail; The pressure sensor is disposed on the first side of the upper mold facing the lower mold, and is used to detect the pressure between the upper mold and the lower mold; The pneumatic guide rail is located on the second side opposite to the first side and is used to control the movement of the upper mold according to the pressure.

5. The photomultiplier tube welding equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Each laser welding mechanism includes two laser welders, each laser welder being used to align with a slit in one of the upper molds and to perform laser welding on the welding positions of the dynode and the metal bracket through the slit.

6. The photomultiplier tube welding equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Also includes: At least one gas nozzle is used to form an inert gas curtain area at the welding position of the dynode and the metal support.

7. The photomultiplier tube welding equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The photomultiplier tube welding equipment includes at least one welding position, and each welding position is provided with two upper molds, two sets of movement control mechanisms and one set of laser welding mechanisms. The photomultiplier tube welding equipment also includes: A turntable is provided with multiple mounting slots, and the lower mold can be installed in the mounting slots; the turntable can drive the mounting slots to the welding position for welding.

8. A photomultiplier tube, comprising a dynode and a metal support, characterized in that, The dynode and the metal support are welded using the photomultiplier tube welding equipment as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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