Automatic centering and clamping mechanism for numerically controlled machine tools

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of automatic centering clamping mechanism for numerical control machine tool, it is related to petroleum drilling technical field, including numerical control machine tool and the positioning sleeve for numerical control machine tool, fixture body is provided on numerical control machine tool, several positioning holes are provided on fixture body, positioning sleeve is installed in each positioning hole, the workpiece needing to be clamped is placed in the hole of positioning sleeve, hydraulic oil can be introduced in positioning sleeve, and elastic deformation occurs under the action of oil pressure, so as to realize workpiece automatic clamping.The utility model structure is novel and reasonable, the positioning sleeve structure of unique design is used for cylindrical workpiece positioning and clamping, positioning sleeve is divided into positioning inner sleeve and positioning outer sleeve two parts, annular cavity is formed between inner and outer sleeve, and elastic deformation is generated under the action of pressure using the thin-walled structure of positioning inner sleeve, automatic centering clamping of cylindrical workpiece is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of precision machining equipment technology, and more specifically, to an automatic centering and clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machining, cylindrical workpieces are the most common machining objects, and their positioning and clamping accuracy in CNC machine tools directly affects the final product quality. Currently, traditional cylindrical workpiece clamping methods have some drawbacks. These drawbacks are specifically described below: a) Mechanical clamping methods: Typically represented by a three-jaw chuck, clamping is achieved by manually or electrically adjusting the jaw positions. This method is not only cumbersome and inefficient, but the jaws are also prone to wear after long-term use, leading to a decrease in positioning accuracy. When machining high-precision cylindrical workpieces, it is difficult to guarantee repeatability and cannot meet the requirements of precision machining. b) Conventional hydraulic clamping mechanisms: Although they can provide a large clamping force, they usually use rigid clamping components and lack the ability to adapt to small changes in workpiece dimensions. When the workpiece has a certain roundness error or diameter deviation, it is easy for the clamping force to be too large in some areas and insufficient in others, leading to workpiece deformation or vibration during machining, affecting the surface quality of the machined workpiece. c) Insufficient automation: Most existing clamping mechanisms require manual intervention or additional auxiliary operations during the clamping and releasing process, which cannot be seamlessly integrated with the automated machining process of CNC machine tools, thus limiting further improvement in production efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to provide an automatic centering and clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools to solve one and more problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides an automatic centering and clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools. The automatic centering and clamping mechanism is applied to a CNC machine tool, which is equipped with a fixture body. The fixture body has several positioning holes, and the workpieces to be clamped are placed in the positioning holes. A positioning sleeve is fitted on the outer surface of each workpiece. The outer surface of the positioning sleeve is fitted to the inner wall of the fixture body. A cavity for accommodating hydraulic oil is provided inside the positioning sleeve. After hydraulic oil is introduced into the cavity, the positioning sleeve undergoes elastic deformation under the action of oil pressure to automatically clamp the workpiece.

[0005] As a preferred and feasible approach, the inner cavity of each positioning sleeve is connected to the machine tool clamping oil circuit of the CNC machine tool.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment, the positioning sleeve includes a positioning outer sleeve and a positioning inner sleeve. The positioning inner sleeve is set close to the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece to be clamped, and the positioning outer sleeve is set close to the outer wall of the fixture body. An annular cavity is formed between the positioning inner sleeve and the positioning outer sleeve.

[0007] As a preferred feasible method, the hydraulic oil in the machine tool clamping oil circuit flows sequentially from one side of the CNC machine tool to the cavity of each positioning sleeve through the connecting oil circuit.

[0008] As a preferred feasible method, the fixture body is provided with a conveying oil passage connecting its two sides, and a connecting cavity is provided at the oil hole connecting the conveying oil passage to the two sides of the positioning sleeve.

[0009] As a preferred feasible method, the positioning inner sleeve is a thin-walled positioning sleeve with a thin-walled structure, and is made of high-strength, high-elastic modulus spring steel.

[0010] As a preferred and feasible method, the positioning sleeves are all fixedly connected to the clamp body by bolts.

[0011] As a preferred feasible method, a sealing ring is provided between the positioning jacket and the outer wall of the clamp body.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: This utility model has a novel and reasonable structure with a uniquely designed positioning sleeve structure for positioning and clamping cylindrical workpieces. An annular cavity is formed between the inner and outer sleeves of the positioning sleeve, and the thin-walled structure of the inner sleeve generates elastic deformation under pressure to achieve automatic centering and clamping of the cylindrical workpiece.

[0013] The positioning sleeve of this application is a whole unit with a modular design, which facilitates replacement and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an automatic centering and clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0016] It should be noted that all uses of "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" in the embodiments of this utility model are for the purpose of distinguishing two entities or parameters with the same name but different names. It is clear that "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" are only for the convenience of expression and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this utility model. Subsequent embodiments will not explain this in detail.

[0017] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0018] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides an automatic centering and clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools, including a CNC machine tool and a positioning sleeve for the CNC machine tool. The CNC machine tool is provided with a clamping body 1, which has several positioning holes 2. A workpiece to be clamped is placed in each positioning hole 2. In this application, the workpiece refers to a cylindrical workpiece. A positioning sleeve is provided on the clamping body 1, and hydraulic oil is introduced into the positioning sleeve. Under hydraulic pressure, the workpiece undergoes elastic deformation, achieving automatic clamping. The inner cavity of each positioning sleeve is connected to the clamping oil circuit 4 of the CNC machine tool. Therefore, this application, by employing a positioning sleeve with a cavity structure and an oil circuit control method, achieves rapid, stable, and precise automatic centering, clamping, and releasing of cylindrical workpieces, improving the quality and efficiency of CNC machine tool processing.

[0020] This application features a unique positioning sleeve design for positioning and clamping cylindrical workpieces. It consists of two parts: a positioning outer sleeve 5 and a positioning inner sleeve 6. The positioning inner sleeve 6 is fitted tightly against the outer circumference of the positioning hole 2, while the positioning outer sleeve 5 is fitted tightly against the outer wall of the fixture body 1, and both are fixedly connected to the fixture body 1 by bolts 9. An annular cavity 7 is formed between the positioning inner sleeve 6 and the positioning outer sleeve 5. A sealing ring 10 is provided between the positioning outer sleeve 5 and the outer wall of the fixture body. The positioning sleeve of this application is cold-fitted as a single unit, employing a modular design for easy replacement and maintenance. Furthermore, by drilling oil passages between multiple positioning sleeves on the fixture body, multiple parts can be clamped simultaneously. The positioning sleeve of this application forms an annular sealed space between its inner and outer sleeves. When hydraulic oil flowing from the machine tool clamping oil passage enters the inner cavity, the pressure increases, causing the thin wall of the positioning inner sleeve to deform inwards uniformly, gripping the part inside the positioning hole. After the oil returns, the thin wall of the positioning inner sleeve elastically returns to its original position, releasing the workpiece.

[0021] It should be noted that because the inner positioning sleeve 6 is a thin-walled structure, it can undergo elastic deformation under pressure; while there is a closed annular cavity between the outer positioning sleeve 5 and the inner positioning sleeve 6 to provide space for hydraulic oil. At the same time, the outer sleeve is equipped with a standard interface for connecting to the machine tool clamping oil circuit, and the interface is equipped with a filter screen.

[0022] Preferably, the positioning inner sleeve is a thin-walled positioning sleeve with a thin-walled structure, and is made of high-strength, high-elasticity spring steel. The inner wall of the positioning inner sleeve is finely machined to reduce surface roughness and improve wall thickness uniformity, and the inner surface is plated with hard chrome to increase wear resistance; vent holes are provided at the top and bottom of the cavity of the positioning sleeve to allow air to be discharged during installation and debugging to ensure stable clamping force.

[0023] As shown in the figure, hydraulic oil in the machine tool clamping oil circuit flows sequentially from one side of the CNC machine tool to the cavity of each positioning sleeve through connecting oil circuits. The fixture body 1 is provided with conveying oil circuits 11 connecting its two sides, and connecting cavities 8 are provided at the connection points between the conveying oil circuits and the two sides of the positioning sleeves. The connecting cavities 8 facilitate the alignment of the positioning sleeves with the oil holes of the conveying oil circuits of the fixture body during installation, making installation convenient. Furthermore, the connecting cavity structure ensures more uniform clamping force.

[0024] Explanation of the innovative principles of this application: The automatic centering and clamping mechanism of this application is applied to CNC machine tools. It features precise oil circuit design and control. The cavity of the positioning sleeve is connected to the clamping oil circuit of the machine tool via a high-pressure hose. The control unit of the CNC machine tool uses a programmable logic controller (PLC), which is connected to the proportional valve and directional valve in the clamping oil circuit system via electrical wiring. This allows for precise control of the oil flow direction and flow rate, achieving automated control of the clamping and releasing actions of the positioning sleeve. Specifically, when the CNC machine tool control unit issues a clamping command, oil flows into the cavity of the positioning sleeve through the oil circuit. The increased pressure causes the thin wall of the inner sleeve to elastically deform inward uniformly, achieving automatic centering and clamping of the cylindrical workpiece. After issuing a releasing command, the control unit controls the oil to flow back, and the thin wall of the inner sleeve resets due to its elastic restoring force, releasing the workpiece. The entire process requires no manual adjustment. This structure can be widely used in CNC lathes, CNC grinding machines, and other equipment, meeting the needs of modern manufacturing for high-precision and automated machining.

[0025] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automatic centering and clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools, characterized in that, The automatic centering and clamping mechanism is applied to a CNC machine tool. The CNC machine tool is provided with a clamp body (1). The clamp body (1) has several positioning holes (2). The workpiece to be clamped is placed in the positioning holes (2). A positioning sleeve is fitted on the outer surface of each workpiece. The outer surface of the positioning sleeve is fitted to the inner wall of the clamp body (1). The positioning sleeve is provided with a cavity for accommodating hydraulic oil. After hydraulic oil is introduced into the cavity, the positioning sleeve undergoes elastic deformation under the action of oil pressure to achieve automatic clamping of the workpiece.

2. The automatic centering and clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of each of the positioning sleeves is connected to the machine tool clamping oil circuit (4) of the CNC machine tool.

3. An automatic centering and clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positioning sleeve includes a positioning outer sleeve (5) and a positioning inner sleeve (6). The positioning inner sleeve (6) is disposed close to the outer peripheral surface of the positioning hole (2), and the positioning outer sleeve (5) is disposed close to the outer wall of the fixture body (1). An annular cavity (7) is formed between the positioning inner sleeve (6) and the positioning outer sleeve (5).

4. An automatic centering and clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hydraulic oil in the machine tool clamping oil circuit flows sequentially from one side of the CNC machine tool through the connecting oil circuit to the cavity of each positioning sleeve.

5. An automatic centering and clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each clamp body (1) is provided with a conveying oil passage (11) connecting its two sides, and a connecting cavity (8) is provided at the oil hole connecting the conveying oil passage to the two sides of the positioning sleeve.

6. An automatic centering and clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools according to claim 3, characterized in that, The positioning inner sleeve is a thin-walled positioning sleeve with a thin-walled structure, and is made of high-strength, high-elasticity spring steel.

7. An automatic centering and clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools according to claim 3, characterized in that, The positioning jacket (5) is fixedly connected to the clamp body (1) by bolts (9).

8. An automatic centering and clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools according to claim 7, characterized in that, A sealing ring (10) is provided between the positioning jacket (5) and the outer wall of the clamp body.

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