A press head dismounting tool

CN224809382UActive Publication Date: 2026-09-29INNER MONGOLIA YILI IND GROUP CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202522513732.7
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-11-26
Publication Date
2026-09-29
Estimated Expiration
2035-11-26

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

[0003]当前行业内针对封罐机压头的拆卸及相关维护,采用的是传统人工操作模式:对于压头拆卸,当粉垢在压头与安装部位的缝隙中积聚导致难以直接拔出时,操作人员需借助橡胶锤轻轻敲击以辅助取出;对于与压头相关的封罐机电机拆卸,因电机体积较大、重量较重,需安排两名操作人员协同作业,一人负责固定设备,另一人执行拆卸操作,全程依赖人工完成拆装流程

Benefits of technology

[0024]与现有技术相比,本申请显著的技术进步在于:卡齿几何形状与压头预留孔轮廓匹配,可嵌入孔内形成稳定接触。杆体构成力传递结构,外力经杆体传导至卡齿并作用于压头。卡齿与孔接触面积小,外力集中作用于压头卡合部位,有效克服粉垢粘连阻力,促使压头逐步分离。卡齿与孔的配合避免施力不均对设备造成损伤,无需借助敲击等间接外力手段。

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Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of milk powder sealing machines, in particular to a pressing head dismounting tool. The pressing head dismounting tool provided by the application comprises a first rod body, a second rod body and a clamping pool, the geometric shape of a clamping tooth is matched with the contour of a reserved hole of a pressing head, and the clamping tooth can be embedded into the hole to form stable contact. The rod body constitutes a force transmission structure, external force is conducted to the clamping tooth through the rod body and acts on the pressing head. The contact area of the clamping tooth and the hole is small, the external force is concentrated on the pressing head clamping part, the dirt adhesion resistance is effectively overcome, and the pressing head is gradually separated. The cooperation of the clamping tooth and the hole avoids damage to the equipment caused by uneven force, and indirect external force means such as knocking is not needed.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of milk powder sealing machine technology, specifically to a tool for disassembling a pressure head. Background Technology

[0002] In the milk powder production process, the can sealing machine's pressure head, as the executing component, needs to directly contact the milk powder to complete the sealing operation. To ensure product hygiene and safety as well as equipment operational stability, the pressure head needs to be frequently disassembled according to production specifications. Its primary function is to remove residual powder residue from the surface and crevices, while also performing routine inspections, lubrication, and other maintenance. This operation is a necessary step in the milk powder production process to ensure product quality and continuous equipment operation.

[0003] Currently, the industry uses a traditional manual operation mode for the disassembly and maintenance of can sealing machine heads: When the powder and scale accumulate in the gap between the head and the installation part, making it difficult to pull out directly, the operator needs to use a rubber hammer to gently tap it to assist in removal; For the disassembly of the can sealing machine motor related to the head, because the motor is large and heavy, two operators need to work together, one to fix the equipment and the other to perform the disassembly operation, and the entire disassembly and assembly process is completed manually.

[0004] The shortcomings of existing technologies are as follows: disassembling the pressure head relies on the assistance of a rubber hammer, which is cumbersome and can easily cause hidden damage to the pressure head and installation parts, affecting the accuracy of the equipment; disassembling the motor requires two people to work together, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming, seriously restricting maintenance efficiency and production continuity; frequent manual disassembly and assembly not only directly increases labor costs, but also aggravates the wear and tear of equipment parts, reduces the service life of the equipment, and thus affects the stability of the production process, making it difficult to meet the production requirements of high efficiency and low loss. Utility Model Content

[0005] A pressure head disassembly tool is applicable to the disassembly of a milk powder can sealing machine. It includes a first rod, a second rod, and a locking tooth. Two second rods are connected to the first rod. The ends of the second rods are provided with locking teeth. The first rod is used to apply external force to the locking teeth, and the locking teeth are used to insert into the pre-drilled holes in the pressure head.

[0006] This design ensures that the geometry of the locking teeth matches the contour of the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head, allowing them to embed into the hole and form a stable contact. The first and second rods constitute a force transmission structure. The external force applied by the operator is transmitted through the first rod to the two second rods, and then the locking teeth at the ends of the second rods act on the pressure head body. The small contact area between the teeth and the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head allows the external force to be concentrated at the pressure head engagement point, effectively overcoming the adhesion resistance caused by powder and dirt, and promoting the gradual separation of the pressure head.

[0007] According to one embodiment provided in this application, the radius of the locking tooth is smaller than the radius of the second rod.

[0008] With this configuration, the radius of the locking teeth is smaller than the radius of the second rod, and its geometry matches the outline of the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head, allowing the locking teeth to form a tight and stable contact with the inner wall of the hole.

[0009] According to one embodiment of this application, the end of the hole reserved in the pressure head has a chamfer, and the radius of the second rod body is adapted to the chamfer.

[0010] With this configuration, the end of the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head is chamfered, and the radius of the second rod is adapted to the chamfer profile. This not only allows the guide effect of the chamfer to quickly align the locking teeth with the hole, but also allows the second rod to form a stable and tight fit with the chamfer surface, preventing skewing during insertion.

[0011] According to one embodiment of this application, the first rod, the second rod, and the locking teeth are integrally formed, and the central axis of the second rod is parallel to the axis of the locking teeth.

[0012] With this configuration, the first rod, the second rod, and the locking teeth are manufactured using an integrated molding process, resulting in a strong overall structure. This avoids loosening or loss during force transmission and ensures a smooth path for external force transmission.

[0013] According to one embodiment provided in this application, the distance L between the two second rods satisfies 5.2≤L≤5.3cm, the radius R1 of the second rod satisfies 1.1<R1<1.3cm, and the radius R2 of the locking tooth satisfies 0.5<R2<0.7cm.

[0014] With this setup, the distance L between the two second rods is controlled between 5.2 and 5.3 cm, matching the distance between the two pre-drilled holes in the pressure head, ensuring that the two locking teeth can be aligned and embedded in the holes simultaneously, achieving symmetrical force distribution.

[0015] According to one embodiment of this application, the portion connecting the second rod to the tooth is coated with a high coefficient of friction coating.

[0016] With this configuration, the connection between the second rod and the tooth is coated with a high coefficient of friction coating. The microstructure of the coating can form a physical interlocking effect, increasing the contact friction with the wall of the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head.

[0017] According to one embodiment provided in this application, the coating material is alumina or silicon carbide.

[0018] With this configuration, the microstructure of the second rod and the surface material of the clamping teeth are mostly dense granular or mesh-like, which can form a stable physical engagement with the wall of the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head.

[0019] According to one embodiment of this application, the surface of the first rod away from the second rod is provided with anti-slip texture.

[0020] This design, by setting anti-slip textures on the surface of the pole, allows the anti-slip properties of different textures to adapt to various working conditions.

[0021] According to one embodiment provided in this application, the length of the first rod is at least 22cm, and the length with anti-slip texture is at most 14cm.

[0022] This design provides sufficient length for operators to apply force reasonably, reducing the force required to apply axial tension, while ensuring flexibility during operation and avoiding insufficient space for force application due to the rod being too short.

[0023] According to one embodiment provided in this application, the hole reserved in the pressure head is any one of a screw hole, a blind hole, or a through hole.

[0024] Compared with existing technologies, the significant technological advancements of this application lie in the following: the geometry of the retaining teeth matches the contour of the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head, allowing for stable contact when embedded within the hole. The rod body constitutes a force transmission structure, transmitting external force to the retaining teeth and then acting on the pressure head. The small contact area between the retaining teeth and the hole concentrates external force at the pressure head engagement point, effectively overcoming the resistance of powder and scale adhesion and promoting gradual separation of the pressure head. The fit between the retaining teeth and the hole avoids uneven force application that could damage the equipment, eliminating the need for indirect external force methods such as hammering. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This application provides a tool for disassembling a pressure head.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0028] 100 - First rod body;

[0029] 200 - Second rod;

[0030] 300-tooth.

[0031] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] First, those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely for explaining the technical principles of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Those skilled in the art can make adjustments as needed to adapt to specific application scenarios.

[0034] Secondly, it should be noted that in the description of this application, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up", "down", "inner", "outer", etc., which indicate the direction or positional relationship, are based on the direction or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or component must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0035] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] In the description of this application, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this application, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0037] In the milk powder production process, the can sealing machine's pressure head, as the executing component, needs to directly contact the milk powder to complete the sealing operation. To ensure product hygiene and safety as well as equipment operational stability, the pressure head needs to be frequently disassembled according to production specifications. Its primary function is to remove residual powder residue from the surface and crevices, while also performing routine inspections, lubrication, and other maintenance. This operation is a necessary step in the milk powder production process to ensure product quality and continuous equipment operation.

[0038] Currently, the industry uses a traditional manual operation mode for the disassembly and maintenance of can sealing machine heads: When the powder and scale accumulate in the gap between the head and the installation part, making it difficult to pull out directly, the operator needs to use a rubber hammer to gently tap it to assist in removal; For the disassembly of the can sealing machine motor related to the head, because the motor is large and heavy, two operators need to work together, one to fix the equipment and the other to perform the disassembly operation, and the entire disassembly and assembly process is completed manually.

[0039] The shortcomings of existing technologies are as follows: disassembling the pressure head relies on the assistance of a rubber hammer, which is cumbersome and can easily cause hidden damage to the pressure head and installation parts, affecting the accuracy of the equipment; disassembling the motor requires two people to work together, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming, seriously restricting maintenance efficiency and production continuity; frequent manual disassembly and assembly not only directly increases labor costs, but also aggravates the wear and tear of equipment parts, reduces the service life of the equipment, and thus affects the stability of the production process, making it difficult to meet the production requirements of high efficiency and low loss.

[0040] To solve the above technical problems, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a pressure head disassembly tool suitable for disassembling a milk powder can sealing machine. It includes a first rod 100, a second rod 200, and a locking tooth 300. Two second rods 200 are connected to the first rod 100. The end of the second rod 200 is provided with a locking tooth 300. The first rod 100 is used to apply external force to the locking tooth 300, and the locking tooth 300 is used to insert into the hole reserved in the pressure head.

[0041] It should be noted that the geometry of the locking teeth 300 matches the contour of the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head, allowing them to fit into the hole and form a stable contact. The first rod 100 and the second rod 200 constitute a force transmission structure. The external force applied by the operator is transmitted through the first rod 100 to the two second rods 200, and then the locking teeth 300 at the ends of the second rods 200 act on the pressure head body. Because the contact area between the locking teeth 300 and the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head is small, the external force can be concentrated on the pressure head engagement area, effectively overcoming the adhesion resistance caused by powder and dirt, and promoting the gradual separation of the pressure head. The fit between the locking teeth 300 and the hole avoids damage to the equipment due to uneven force application, eliminating the need for indirect external force methods such as hammering.

[0042] Furthermore, during use, the operator aligns the locking teeth 300 with the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head and slowly inserts them until the locking teeth 300 make contact with the inner wall of the hole. The operator can apply force manually or with the aid of auxiliary equipment to apply axial tension, and the external force acts on the first rod 100. The first rod 100 distributes the external force to the two second rods 200, and the second rods 200 maintain the same direction of force transmission, smoothly transmitting the external force to the locking teeth 300.

[0043] The 300 retainer directly applies the received external force to the engagement part of the pressure head. As the external force continues to be applied, the resistance of the powder and scale adhesion between the pressure head and the mounting hole is gradually overcome, and finally the pressure head and the mounting hole are completely separated.

[0044] According to one embodiment provided in this application, the radius of the cleaver 300 is smaller than the radius of the second rod 200.

[0045] It should be noted that the radius of the locking tooth 300 is smaller than that of the second rod 200, and its geometry matches the outline of the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head. The locking tooth 300 can form a tight and stable contact with the inner wall of the hole. The external force applied by the operator is transmitted through the first rod 100 to the second rod 200, and then from the second rod 200 to the locking tooth 300 at the end.

[0046] Because the radius of the locking tooth 300 is smaller than that of the second rod 200, and the contact area with the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head is smaller, external force can be applied more concentratedly to the locking part of the pressure head, effectively overcoming the adhesion resistance formed by powder and dirt, and pushing the pressure head to gradually separate. The small radius design of the locking tooth 300, combined with its fit with the hole, ensures a stable direction of external force transmission and avoids damage to the equipment due to uneven force application.

[0047] According to one embodiment of this application, the end of the hole reserved in the pressure head has a chamfer, and the radius of the second rod 200 is adapted to the chamfer.

[0048] It should be noted that the end of the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head is chamfered, and the radius of the second rod 200 matches the chamfer profile. This chamfer guides the locking teeth 300 to quickly align with the hole, and also ensures a tight and stable fit between the second rod 200 and the chamfer surface, preventing misalignment during insertion. The geometry of the locking teeth 300 matches the internal contour of the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head, forming a firm contact after insertion. The external force applied by the operator is transmitted through the first rod 100 to the second rod 200, and then from the second rod 200 to the locking teeth 300 at the end.

[0049] Because the contact area between the 300 locking tooth and the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head is small, the external force can be concentrated on the locking part of the pressure head, effectively overcoming the adhesion resistance caused by the powder and dirt, and pushing the pressure head to gradually separate from the mounting hole.

[0050] According to one embodiment provided in this application, the first rod 100, the second rod 200 and the locking tooth 300 are integrally formed, and the central axis of the second rod 200 is parallel to the axis of the locking tooth 300.

[0051] It should be noted that the first rod 100, the second rod 200, and the locking tooth 300 are manufactured using a one-piece molding process, resulting in a strong overall structure. This prevents loosening or loss during force transmission and ensures a smooth path for external force transmission. The central axis of the second rod 200 is parallel to the axis of the locking tooth 300, guiding the external force to be transmitted in a fixed direction and preventing deviation during force application.

[0052] According to one embodiment provided in this application, the distance L between the two second rods 200 satisfies 5.2≤L≤5.3cm, the radius R1 of the second rod 200 satisfies 1.1<R1<1.3cm, and the radius R2 of the cleat 300 satisfies 0.5<R2<0.7cm.

[0053] It should be noted that the distance L between the two second rods 200 is controlled between 5.2 and 5.3 cm, which matches the distance between the two reserved holes of the pressure head, ensuring that the two locking teeth 300 can be aligned and embedded in the holes at the same time to achieve symmetrical force.

[0054] The radius R1 of the second rod 200 is between 1.1 and 1.3 cm. In this application, R1 is 1.2 cm. This size ensures the structural strength of the second rod 200, enabling stable transmission of external force, while avoiding the impact of excessive size on operational flexibility. The radius R2 of the locking tooth 300 is between 0.5 and 0.7 cm. In this application, R2 is 0.6 cm, which is smaller than the radius R1 of the second rod 200. Its size is adapted to the inner wall contour of the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head, allowing for close contact with a small contact area. This concentrates external force on the locking part of the pressure head, effectively overcoming the adhesion resistance caused by powder and dirt.

[0055] According to one embodiment of this application, the connection portion between the second rod 200 and the locking tooth 300 is coated with a high coefficient of friction coating.

[0056] It should be noted that the connection between the second rod 200 and the locking tooth 300 is coated with a high-friction coefficient coating. The microstructure of the coating can form a physical interlocking effect, increasing the contact friction with the wall of the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head. The geometry of the locking tooth 300 matches the contour of the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head, and after being inserted, it forms a tight contact with the hole wall. The coating further increases the frictional resistance between the two, effectively preventing the locking tooth 300 from slipping off during the application of force.

[0057] The external force applied by the operator is transmitted through the first rod 100 to the second rod 200, and then to the locking teeth 300. Because the contact area between the locking teeth 300 and the hole wall is small, the external force can be concentrated on the clamping part of the pressure head, overcoming the resistance of powder and scale adhesion. The friction-enhancing effect of the coating, combined with the structural adaptability, ensures that the locking teeth 300 maintains stable contact with the hole wall during the transmission of external force, avoiding relative slippage when force is applied.

[0058] According to one embodiment provided in this application, the coating material is alumina or silicon carbide.

[0059] It should be noted that the connection between the second rod 200 and the tooth 300 is coated with a high coefficient of friction coating. The coating material can be alumina, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, silicon nitride or tungsten carbide. These materials all have the characteristics of high hardness and high coefficient of friction. Their microstructures are mostly dense granular or mesh-like, which can form a stable physical engagement with the wall of the pre-reserved hole in the pressure head.

[0060] Meanwhile, the high hardness and wear resistance of the coating material can reduce wear during contact, extend tool life, and ultimately achieve complete separation of the pressure head and the mounting hole. Throughout the operation, different coating materials can ensure the tool's anti-slip performance and structural stability through their own characteristics. Operators can select the appropriate coating material according to actual working conditions (such as hole wall material, frequency of use, etc.) to further improve the reliability and applicability of disassembly operations.

[0061] According to one embodiment of this application, the surface of the first rod 100 away from the second rod 200 is provided with anti-slip texture.

[0062] It should be noted that the surface of the first rod 100, away from the second rod 200, is provided with anti-slip texture. The texture structure can take the form of stripes, mesh, diamond-shaped concave-convex or cross-shaped engravings, etc., and this section can be made of materials such as rubber, silicone, polyurethane, anti-slip nylon, or metal with the texture directly machined onto the surface. Such structures and materials can increase the frictional resistance between the hand and the surface of the first rod 100, preventing the hand from slipping when force is applied. The geometry of the locking teeth 300 matches the contour of the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head, and after being inserted, it forms a tight contact with the hole wall, ensuring the stability of the point of application of external force.

[0063] The anti-slip texture design and the matching materials work together with the overall force transmission path of the tool to ensure the stability of the force application process and avoid the dispersion of external force or the deviation of the force direction due to hand slippage. At the same time, the anti-slip properties of different materials are adapted to various working conditions (such as humid environments, high-frequency operations, etc.). For example, rubber and silicone materials are suitable for humid scenarios, while metal grooves are suitable for high-frequency and high-intensity use, further improving the applicability and operational reliability of the tool.

[0064] According to one embodiment provided in this application, the length of the first rod 100 is at least 22cm, and the length of the rod with anti-slip texture is at most 14cm.

[0065] It should be noted that the length of the first rod 100 is set at 22 cm, meeting the design requirement of at least 22 cm. This sufficient length provides the operator with a reasonable lever arm, reducing the force required to apply axial tension, while ensuring flexibility during operation and avoiding insufficient space for force application due to an excessively short rod. The section of the first rod 100 away from the second rod 200 has anti-slip textured lines, with a length of 10 cm, not exceeding the upper limit of 14 cm. This length is adapted to the grip range of the human hand, ensuring that the operator can fully conform to the anti-slip textured lines when gripping, fully utilizing the textured lines to increase the frictional resistance between the hand and the rod surface, preventing hand slippage during force application.

[0066] According to one embodiment provided in this application, the hole reserved in the pressure head is any one of a screw hole, a blind hole, or a through hole.

[0067] It should be noted that the pre-drilled hole in the pressure head can be any type of screw hole, blind hole, or through hole. The geometric dimensions and structural design of the chuck 300 can be adapted to the inner wall contour of various hole types to ensure stable contact after insertion. In this application, the first rod 100 and the second rod 200 of the tool body can be made of alloy steel, high-strength stainless steel, or aluminum alloy, and the chuck 300 can be made of materials such as hard alloy or hardened steel. These materials have sufficient structural strength and wear resistance, and can withstand concentrated external forces during disassembly, preventing tool deformation or wear. This application does not make specific limitations on the selected materials.

[0068] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0069] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A tool for disassembling a pressure head, suitable for disassembling a milk powder can sealing machine, characterized in that, It includes a first rod (100), a second rod (200), and a locking tooth (300). Two second rods (200) are connected to the first rod (100). The locking tooth (300) is provided at the end of the second rod (200). The first rod (100) is used to apply external force to the locking tooth (300), and the locking tooth (300) is used to insert into the hole reserved in the pressure head.

2. The pressure head disassembly tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radius of the cleat (300) is smaller than the radius of the second rod (200).

3. The pressure head disassembly tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The end of the hole reserved in the pressure head has a chamfer, and the radius of the second rod (200) is adapted to the chamfer.

4. The pressure head disassembly tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first rod (100), the second rod (200) and the locking tooth (300) are integrally formed, and the central axis of the second rod (200) is parallel to the axis of the locking tooth (300).

5. A pressure head disassembly tool according to claim 4, characterized in that, The distance L between the two second rods (200) satisfies 5.2≤L≤5.3cm, the radius R1 of the second rod (200) satisfies 1.1<R1<1.3cm, and the radius R2 of the locking tooth (300) satisfies 0.5<R2<0.7cm.

6. A pressure head disassembly tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection between the second rod (200) and the tooth (300) is coated with a high coefficient of friction coating.

7. A pressure head disassembly tool according to claim 6, characterized in that, The coating material is alumina or silicon carbide.

8. A pressure head disassembly tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the first rod (100) away from the second rod (200) is provided with anti-slip texture.

9. A pressure head disassembly tool according to claim 8, characterized in that, The length of the first rod (100) is at least 22cm, and the length of the anti-slip texture is at most 14cm.

10. A pressure head disassembly tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hole reserved in the pressure head can be any one of a screw hole, a blind hole, or a through hole.