A hook head anti-off device
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522481077.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-29
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-11-24
AI Technical Summary
[0004]本实用新型提供一种钩头防脱装置，以解决电解铝生产过程中天车吊运设备因电解槽低频震动与温度波动导致的钩头与吊环连接处轴向窜动、传统卡簧结构疲劳断裂及热膨胀失配引发的预紧力衰减问题
[0014]1、本实用新型的钩头防脱装置通过双级锥面补偿机制实现振动能量耗散与位移吸收，其中吊环与阻尼环的过盈配合形成主阻尼层，阻尼环与锥面定位套的间隙配合形成次级补偿层。当轴向窜动发生时，主阻尼层消耗振动能量，次级补偿层吸收残余位移，使连接处振动位移控制在较小范围内。
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Figure CN224812096U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of lifting equipment technology, specifically to a hook anti-detachment device. Background Technology
[0002] In the electrolytic aluminum production process, overhead cranes are responsible for the critical operations of transferring molten aluminum ladles and replacing anodes. Currently, a snap-lock hook anti-detachment structure is commonly used, which consists of a hook body, a snap-lock ring, and an anti-detachment baffle.
[0003] However, the unique working conditions in an aluminum electrolysis workshop make this structure highly susceptible to multiple technical defects when applied under such conditions. Firstly, traditional snap ring structures rely primarily on rigid clamping to prevent detachment. However, low-frequency vibrations occur during the operation of the electrolytic cell, causing continuous axial displacement at the connection between the hook and the lifting ring. This continuous axial movement easily leads to stress concentration at the contact edge between the snap ring and the hook groove. Over time, this accumulated stress can easily cause fatigue cracks in the snap ring, thus affecting the stability and safety of the entire structure. Secondly, regarding material selection, the hook body is made of alloy steel, while the snap ring is made of spring steel. These two materials have significantly different coefficients of thermal expansion. The ambient temperature in the electrolysis workshop fluctuates greatly, causing different degrees of thermal expansion in the two materials. This difference in thermal expansion directly leads to a gradual decrease in the snap ring's preload, further exacerbating the axial clearance. Utility Model Content
[0004] This utility model provides a hook anti-detachment device to solve the problems of axial movement at the connection between the hook and the lifting ring, fatigue fracture of traditional snap ring structure, and preload reduction caused by thermal expansion mismatch in the crane hoisting equipment during the electrolytic aluminum production process.
[0005] To solve the above problems, this utility model provides a hook anti-detachment device, including a hook body with a lifting ring mounting hole inside. This lifting ring mounting hole is an axial through-hole penetrating the hook body. An annular groove is formed at the upper end of the lifting ring mounting hole, and a conical positioning sleeve is fixedly installed within the annular groove. A damping ring is also installed within the lifting ring mounting hole of the hook body, with its outer surface forming a clearance fit with the inner wall of the lifting ring mounting hole. A helical spring groove is formed on the outer surface of the damping ring, and a helical spring is embedded within the helical spring groove. Located at the lower end of the conical positioning sleeve, a safety clearance exists between the lower end face of the conical positioning sleeve and the upper end face of the damping ring. Both the damping ring and the conical positioning sleeve have inner holes, and the lifting ring passes through the inner holes of the damping ring and the conical positioning sleeve. The lifting ring consists of a ring, a conical part, and a cylindrical part. The conical part and the cylindrical part are fixedly connected, and the end of the cylindrical part away from the conical part is threaded to the ring. The inner holes of the conical positioning sleeve and the damping ring are conical holes. The outer conical surface of the conical part forms an interference fit with the inner conical surface of the damping ring, and the outer conical surface of the cylindrical part forms a clearance fit with the inner conical surface of the conical positioning sleeve.
[0006] Preferably, the hook body is made of high-strength alloy steel, and the conical positioning sleeve is made of heat-resistant stainless steel.
[0007] Preferably, the small end of the conical hole of the conical positioning sleeve and the damping ring faces the hook opening of the hook head body, and the conical hole design of the conical positioning sleeve and the damping ring matches the outer conical surface of the conical part.
[0008] Preferably, the conical positioning sleeve is an annular structural component, with an end face step on its outer circumferential surface. The end face step is adapted to the inner wall and bottom surface of the annular groove, and the conical positioning sleeve is fixed in the annular groove of the hook body in an embedded manner through its end face step.
[0009] Preferably, the damping ring is a ring-shaped structural component made of polyurethane carbon fiber composite material, which has the physical property of Shore hardness 85A.
[0010] Preferably, the helical spring is a helical elastic element made of high-temperature alloy wire.
[0011] Preferably, the helical spring groove is helical in shape, and its helix angle is 15°.
[0012] Preferably, the ring is provided with a threaded hole, and the end of the cylindrical part away from the conical part is provided with a thread, and the end of the cylindrical part away from the conical part is threadedly connected to the ring.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:
[0014] 1. The hook anti-detachment device of this utility model achieves vibration energy dissipation and displacement absorption through a two-stage conical surface compensation mechanism. The interference fit between the lifting ring and the damping ring forms the primary damping layer, while the clearance fit between the damping ring and the conical positioning sleeve forms the secondary compensation layer. When axial movement occurs, the primary damping layer consumes vibration energy, and the secondary compensation layer absorbs residual displacement, thus controlling the vibration displacement at the connection point within a small range.
[0015] 2. This utility model uses an embedded helical spring design to completely embed the helical spring into the helical spring groove of the damping ring, avoiding the deformation and failure of traditional external springs in a vibration environment. Moreover, the helical spring generates a damping force when compressed, which matches the vibration energy of the electrolytic cell.
[0016] 3. This utility model utilizes the high thermal expansion coefficient of polyurethane carbon fiber composite material and the thermal expansion coefficient of heat-resistant stainless steel to form a gradient expansion, creating a thermal expansion synergistic compensation mechanism. When the temperature fluctuates, the fitting clearance is automatically adjusted to avoid the preload reduction caused by thermal expansion mismatch. In addition, the self-lubricating properties of the damping ring ensure long-term maintenance-free operation.
[0017] 4. This utility model has a compact structure and clear component connection relationships, which effectively solves the technical defects that hook anti-detachment devices are prone to face under special working conditions in electrolytic aluminum workshops, and significantly improves the safety and reliability of equipment operation. Attached Figure Description
[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0019] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the hook anti-detachment device provided by this utility model;
[0020] Figure 2 A front sectional view of the hook anti-detachment device provided by this utility model;
[0021] Figure 3 Provided by this utility model Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle;
[0022] Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the lifting ring provided by this utility model;
[0023] Figure 5 A bottom view of the conical positioning sleeve provided by this utility model;
[0024] Figure 6A three-dimensional structural diagram of the damping ring provided by this utility model;
[0025] Figure 7 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the damping ring provided by this utility model from another angle. Detailed Implementation
[0026] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described below are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.
[0027] Please see Figures 1 to 7 This utility model provides a hook anti-detachment device, including a hook body 1, wherein the hook body 1 has a lifting ring mounting hole inside, which is an axial through hole penetrating the hook body 1. An annular groove 6 is formed at the upper end of the lifting ring mounting hole, and a conical positioning sleeve 2 is fixedly installed in the annular groove 6. A damping ring 3 is also provided in the lifting ring mounting hole of the hook body 1. A helical spring groove 8 is formed on the outer circular surface of the damping ring 3, and a helical spring 4 is embedded in the helical spring groove 8. The damping ring 3 is set at the lower end of the conical positioning sleeve 2. Both the damping ring 3 and the conical positioning sleeve 2 have inner holes. The lifting ring 5 passes through the inner hole of the damping ring 3 and the inner hole of the conical positioning sleeve 2. The lifting ring 5 is composed of a ring 51, a conical part 52 and a cylindrical part 53. The conical part 52 and the cylindrical part 53 are fixedly connected, and the end of the cylindrical part 53 away from the conical part 52 is threadedly connected to the ring 51.
[0028] Preferably, the hook body 1 is made of high-strength alloy steel, and the conical positioning sleeve 2 is made of heat-resistant stainless steel.
[0029] In this utility model, the material of the hook body 1 can meet the requirements of high load and certain corrosion in the electrolytic aluminum production environment. The material of the conical positioning sleeve 2 can still maintain good mechanical strength and structural stability in the high temperature environment during the electrolytic aluminum production process. Moreover, the thermal expansion coefficients of the two are matched, which can avoid excessive relative deformation when the temperature fluctuates.
[0030] Preferably, the inner holes of the conical positioning sleeve 2 and the damping ring 3 are conical holes with their small ends facing the hook opening direction of the hook head body 1, and the inner hole shape of the conical positioning sleeve 2 and the damping ring 3 matches the outer conical surface of the conical part 52.
[0031] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, the conical positioning sleeve 2 is an annular structure component. Its outer circumferential surface is provided with an end face step 7. The end face step 7 is adapted to the inner wall and bottom surface of the annular groove 6. The conical positioning sleeve 2 is fixed in the annular groove 6 of the hook body 1 in an embedded manner through its end face step 7, thereby realizing the axial and radial fixation of the conical positioning sleeve 2 in the hook body 1.
[0032] like Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the damping ring 3 is a ring-shaped structural component. The outer circular surface of the damping ring 3 forms a clearance fit with the inner wall of the lifting ring mounting hole of the hook body 1. This clearance allows the damping ring 3 to have a small floating space in the radial direction to accommodate the manufacturing tolerances and thermal expansion differences of the mating surfaces.
[0033] Preferably, the damping ring 3 is made of polyurethane carbon fiber composite material, which has the physical property of Shore hardness 85A.
[0034] It should be noted that the unique feature of this material is its high damping characteristics. When the damping ring 3 is subjected to external vibration or impact loads, the interfacial friction between the polyurethane matrix and the carbon fiber reinforced structure, as well as the internal molecular hysteresis effect of the polyurethane material itself, converts some of the mechanical energy into heat energy dissipation, thereby effectively weakening the vibration intensity. Simultaneously, the thermal expansion coefficient of the polyurethane carbon fiber composite material is significantly higher than that of the metal materials used in the hook body 1 and the conical positioning sleeve 2. This gradient thermal expansion characteristic allows the damping ring 3 to contract its inner hole and the fitting gap between the ring 5 with a greater radial expansion when the ambient temperature rises. Thus, during temperature fluctuations, it actively adjusts the fitting gap through its own structural deformation, maintaining or enhancing the radial preload on the ring 5, effectively avoiding the preload attenuation problem caused by thermal expansion mismatch in traditional metal snap ring structures. The self-lubricating characteristic of the damping ring 3 is endowed by the inherent properties of its polyurethane carbon fiber composite material. During movement, the composite material reduces friction and wear, lowering the demand for external lubricants.
[0035] like Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the helical spring groove 8 is helical with a helix angle of 15°; the helical spring 4 is a helical elastic element made of high-temperature alloy wire. Its helical structure is matched with the helix angle and size of the helical spring groove 8, ensuring that the helical spring 4 is stably constrained in both the axial and radial directions, preventing it from displaced or deformed in the vibration environment.
[0036] In this invention, the selection of high-temperature alloy wire ensures that the helical spring 4 maintains its excellent elastic modulus and fatigue resistance in the high-temperature electrolytic aluminum workshop environment. After the device is assembled, the helical spring 4 is pre-compressed. When the helical spring 4 is axially compressed, the elastic potential energy stored inside is converted into a restoring force to resist external axial movement. This restoring force provides a continuous axial preload to the damping ring 3 and the lifting ring 5 when the device is subjected to low-frequency vibrations from the electrolytic cell, thereby limiting the axial movement of the lifting ring 5 and working synergistically with the damping characteristics of the damping ring 3 to dissipate vibration energy.
[0037] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the lifting ring 5 is a ring-shaped structural component used to connect the lifting equipment and the load being lifted. The outer conical surface of the conical part 52 forms an interference fit with the inner conical surface of the damping ring 3, and the outer circular surface of the cylindrical part 53 forms a clearance fit with the inner conical surface of the conical positioning sleeve 2.
[0038] This invention ensures continuous close contact and friction between the lifting ring 5 and the damping ring 3 in the radial direction through this interference fit, forming the main damping contact surface of the device. When relative axial movement occurs between the hook body 1 and the lifting ring 5, relative sliding occurs between the conical surface of the lifting ring 5 and the inner conical surface of the damping ring 3. Due to the interference fit between the lifting ring 5 and the damping ring 3, this relative sliding is strongly constrained by the radial compressive force of the damping ring 3 and the high damping characteristics of the material, thereby converting vibration energy into heat energy through frictional dissipation and the hysteresis effect of molecular motion within the material, effectively reducing the amplitude of vibration displacement. At the same time, the clearance fit formed between the outer circular surface of the lifting ring 5 and the inner conical surface of the conical positioning sleeve 2 allows the lifting ring 5 and the conical positioning sleeve 2 to not directly contact each other when the lifting ring 5 is subjected to normal axial movement, so that the main vibration energy dissipation is accomplished through the interference fit between the lifting ring 5 and the damping ring 3. Only when the axial displacement of the lifting ring 5 exceeds the absorption capacity of the primary damping layer between the lifting ring 5 and the damping ring 3 will the outer conical surface of the lifting ring 5 make secondary contact with the inner conical surface of the conical positioning sleeve 2. Therefore, the clearance fit between the outer surface of the lifting ring 5 and the inner conical surface of the conical positioning sleeve 2 structurally forms a secondary compensation layer. Under extreme axial impact or greater displacement requirements, the contact between the lifting ring 5 and the conical positioning sleeve 2 further disperses and absorbs residual displacement, jointly limiting the axial movement range of the lifting ring 5.
[0039] Preferably, the ring 51 is provided with a threaded hole, and the end of the cylindrical part 53 away from the conical part 52 is provided with a thread, and the end of the cylindrical part 53 away from the conical part 52 is threadedly connected to the ring 51.
[0040] Preferably, there is a safety gap between the lower end face of the conical positioning sleeve 2 and the upper end face of the damping ring 3.
[0041] This invention provides a necessary buffer space for the damping ring 3 when it is subjected to extreme axial load or thermal expansion by designing a safety gap, which can prevent the damping ring 3 from directly impacting the metal surface of the hook body 1 and causing additional stress concentration.
[0042] In this utility model, the assembly structure of the hook anti-detachment device is as follows: Figure 1-7 As shown. First, the conical positioning sleeve 2 is fixed in the annular groove 6 on the inner wall of the hook body 1 via its end face step 7. Then, the helical spring 4 is embedded in the helical spring groove 8 on the outer surface of the damping ring 3. Next, the damping ring 3 with the helical spring 4 is axially inserted into the lifting ring mounting hole of the hook body 1, with its outer surface forming a clearance fit with the inner wall of the lifting ring mounting hole of the hook body 1. Finally, after the cylindrical portion 53 of the lifting ring 5 is axially inserted into the inner hole of the damping ring 3 and the inner hole of the conical positioning sleeve 2, the cylindrical portion 53 of the lifting ring 5 is threadedly connected to the ring 51 of the lifting ring 5. After the lifting ring 5 is fully inserted, its outer conical surface forms an interference fit with the inner conical surface of the damping ring 3, while its outer surface maintains a clearance fit with the inner conical surface of the conical positioning sleeve 2. In this assembled state, the helical spring 4 is in a pre-compressed state, providing a continuous axial preload to the damping ring 3, pushing the damping ring 3 axially toward the mating area between the lifting ring 5 and the conical positioning sleeve 2.
[0043] During operation, when the electrolytic aluminum production equipment generates low-frequency vibrations and transmits them to the hook body 1 and the lifting ring 5, the axial relative displacement caused by the vibration is limited by the structure of the hook anti-detachment device. The interference fit between the lifting ring 5 and the damping ring 3 forms the main damping area. The polyurethane carbon fiber composite material of the damping ring 3 dissipates a large amount of vibration energy during relative movement with the lifting ring 5. At the same time, the preload and elastic restoring force of the helical spring 4 continuously act on the damping ring 3, allowing the damping ring 3 to fit tightly against the outer conical surface of the lifting ring 5 and continuously resist the axial displacement of the lifting ring 5. When the vibration amplitude is large and the main damping layer is insufficient to completely absorb the vibration energy, the conical surface of the lifting ring 5 contacts the inner conical surface of the conical positioning sleeve 2. Through the secondary compensation mechanism provided by the clearance fit between the two, the residual displacement is further absorbed, controlling the axial movement range of the lifting ring 5 to a very small limit. Furthermore, when ambient temperature fluctuates, the polyurethane carbon fiber composite material of the damping ring 3, due to its significantly higher coefficient of thermal expansion than metal, can actively adjust the interference fit between its inner hole and the lifting ring 5 through its own radial expansion and contraction. This enhances the preload at high temperatures and avoids excessive stress at low temperatures, maintaining the stability of the device over a wide temperature range. The self-lubricating properties of the polyurethane carbon fiber composite material of the damping ring 3 also reduce dependence on external lubricants, lowering the frequency and difficulty of maintenance.
Claims
1. A hook-head anti-detachment device, comprising a hook-head body, characterized in that, The hook body has an internal lifting ring mounting hole, which is an axial through-hole penetrating the hook body. An annular groove is formed at the upper end of the lifting ring mounting hole, within which a conical positioning sleeve is fixed. A damping ring is also installed within the lifting ring mounting hole of the hook body, with its outer surface forming a clearance fit with the inner wall of the lifting ring mounting hole. A helical spring groove is formed on the outer surface of the damping ring, within which a helical spring is embedded. The damping ring is located at the lower end of the conical positioning sleeve. There is a safety clearance between the lower end face and the upper end face of the damping ring; both the damping ring and the conical positioning sleeve have inner holes, and the lifting ring passes through the inner hole of the damping ring and the inner hole of the conical positioning sleeve; the lifting ring is composed of a ring, a conical part and a cylindrical part, the conical part and the cylindrical part are fixedly connected, and the end of the cylindrical part away from the conical part is threadedly connected to the ring; the inner holes of the conical positioning sleeve and the damping ring are conical holes, the outer conical surface of the conical part forms an interference fit with the inner conical surface of the damping ring, and the outer conical surface of the cylindrical part forms a clearance fit with the inner conical surface of the conical positioning sleeve.
2. The hook anti-detachment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hook body is made of high-strength alloy steel, and the conical positioning sleeve is made of heat-resistant stainless steel.
3. The hook anti-detachment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The small end of the tapered hole of the tapered positioning sleeve and the damping ring faces the hook opening of the hook head body, and the tapered hole design of the tapered positioning sleeve and the damping ring matches the outer conical surface of the conical part.
4. The hook anti-detachment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conical positioning sleeve is a ring-shaped structural component. Its outer circumferential surface is provided with an end face step. The end face step is adapted to the inner wall and bottom surface of the annular groove. The conical positioning sleeve is fixed in the annular groove of the hook body in an embedded manner through its end face step.
5. The hook anti-detachment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The damping ring is a ring-shaped structural component made of polyurethane carbon fiber composite material, which has a physical property of Shore hardness of 85A.
6. The hook anti-detachment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A helical spring is a spiral elastic element made of high-temperature alloy wire.
7. The hook anti-detachment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The helical spring groove is helical, with a helix angle of 15°.
8. The hook anti-detachment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ring has a threaded hole, and the cylindrical part away from the conical part has a thread, which is threaded to the ring.