A semi-open tunnel open cut side ground reinforcing structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of half-and-half tunnel open cut side ground reinforcement structure, the structure includes support steel sleeve, concrete deck, grouting box, right-angle connecting frame and semicircular arch frame;Support steel sleeve is arranged in tunnel inverted arch bottom, its inside is equipped with the sliding platform that can be moved down and fixed tip, outer wall is provided with inflatable bag;Concrete deck is located above graded gravel layer, inside is equipped with reinforcing mesh;Right-angle connecting frame is installed on concrete deck, supports semicircular arch frame;Tension rod penetrates concrete deck and support pressing plate, bottom connects bottom plate and grouting box interlock, top is fixed by limiting clamping plate;The ground reinforcement structure is through sliding platform and bag to enhance the stability of steel sleeve in soil, utilize tension rod and connecting component to improve the integrity of structure, improve the ground reinforcement effect, help to reduce uneven settlement, improve the safety and service life of tunnel structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of tunnel engineering and relates to a foundation reinforcement structure for the open section side of a semi-open tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel construction, the foundation conditions on the open section side of a semi-open tunnel are quite complex, and their stability directly affects the safety and service life of the overall tunnel structure. Traditional foundation reinforcement methods often fail to meet the engineering requirements under complex geological conditions. For example, foundation structures formed solely by concrete pouring are prone to uneven settlement when faced with soft underground soil and large variations in geological conditions, leading to structural imbalance and ultimately affecting the normal use of the tunnel.

[0003] While some existing foundation reinforcement structures utilize components such as steel sleeves, they fall short in terms of stability enhancement. After being inserted into the ground, the steel sleeves do not bond tightly with the surrounding soil, making them prone to loosening or displacement under long-term loads from the superstructure and changes in groundwater levels, thus failing to effectively guarantee the long-term stability of the foundation. Furthermore, traditional methods lack effective connection and fixing measures regarding the overall integrity of the reinforcement structure, resulting in poor coordination between components and making it difficult to form an organic whole to collectively resist external forces.

[0004] Furthermore, previous methods for grouting reinforcement lacked precision in controlling the grouting effect. During the grouting process, the diffusion range and uniformity of the grout were difficult to guarantee, easily leading to insufficient or excessive grouting in certain areas, affecting the reinforcement quality. Simultaneously, the fixation and stabilization of components such as steel sleeves after grouting were inadequate, failing to fully utilize the reinforcement effect and resulting in the overall foundation reinforcement structure failing to meet expected performance requirements. Therefore, a foundation reinforcement structure for the open section side of a semi-open tunnel is needed to effectively solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, in order to solve the problem that the steel sleeve inserted into the ground in the existing foundation reinforcement structure is not tightly bonded to the surrounding soil, and is prone to loosening or displacement under the influence of long-term superstructure load and groundwater level changes, thus failing to effectively guarantee the long-term stability of the foundation, this utility model provides a foundation reinforcement structure for the open section side of a semi-open tunnel.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A foundation reinforcement structure for the open section side of a semi-open tunnel includes:

[0008] Multiple supporting steel sleeves and concrete foundations are provided. The supporting steel sleeves are arranged along the length of the tunnel at the bottom of the tunnel invert. The supporting steel sleeves penetrate into the underground bedrock or into the soil at a certain depth. A grouting box is set on the top of the multiple supporting steel sleeves. A graded crushed stone cushion layer is laid on top of the grouting box. A concrete foundation is poured and laid on top of the graded crushed stone layer. A steel mesh is fixedly installed on the top of the concrete foundation. Two right-angled connecting frames are fixedly installed on the top of the steel mesh. The same semi-circular arch frame is fixedly installed on the top of the two right-angled connecting frames.

[0009] The grouting box has multiple grouting holes inside, which are connected to the supporting steel sleeve. The bottom of the supporting steel sleeve is equipped with a stabilizing component to improve the stability of the device.

[0010] The concrete foundation and steel mesh are equipped with reinforcement components for the reinforcement device.

[0011] Furthermore, the stabilizing component includes two grooves formed on the inner wall of the supporting steel sleeve, with sliders slidably connected inside the grooves, and the same sliding platform fixedly installed between the two sliders, with multiple fixed tips fixedly installed at the bottom of the sliding platform.

[0012] Furthermore, an annular groove is formed on the outer wall of the supporting steel sleeve, and a bladder is integrally formed inside the annular groove. Multiple connecting holes are formed inside the supporting steel sleeve, and the connecting holes are connected to the bladder.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer wall of the sliding table has two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped mounting grooves. A connecting rod slides through the inner wall of one side of the arc-shaped mounting groove. An arc-shaped plate is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting rod. The arc-shaped plate cooperates with the arc-shaped mounting groove. The outer walls of the two connecting rods are slidably fitted with the same outer sleeve. The free ends of the two connecting rods are fixedly installed with the same compression spring. The inner wall of the supporting steel sleeve has two symmetrically arranged limiting arc-shaped grooves. The limiting arc-shaped grooves are engaged with the arc-shaped plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the reinforcement component includes a single support plate fixedly installed between two right-angled connecting frames. Two symmetrically arranged tension rods are movably inserted through the concrete foundation and the support plate. A connecting base plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tension rods. A rectangular cavity is opened at the top of the grouting box. Two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped clearance grooves are opened on the inner walls of both sides of the rectangular cavity. A connected side limiting groove is opened on the top inner wall of the arc-shaped clearance groove. The connecting base plate engages with the side limiting groove.

[0015] Furthermore, a limiting rectangular plate is fixedly installed on the top of the tensioning rod, and limiting plates are slidably connected to both sides of the top of the supporting pressure plate, with the limiting plates located below the two limiting rectangular plates.

[0016] Furthermore, a rectangular limiting groove is provided on one inner wall of the limiting plate, which is used in conjunction with the limiting rectangular plate. A circular limiting groove is provided on one inner wall of the limiting plate, which is connected to the rectangular limiting groove, and the circular limiting groove is engaged with the tensioning rod.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0018] 1. The semi-open / semi-closed tunnel foundation reinforcement structure disclosed in this utility model, through the installation of a stabilizing component, allows the sliding platform to move downwards under pressure after the supporting steel sleeve is inserted into the hole, driving the fixed tip to insert into the bottom of the pit. After the sliding platform moves to the lowest point, the arc-shaped plate is inserted into the limiting arc-shaped groove under the elastic force of the compression spring, effectively ensuring the stability of the sliding platform, thereby improving the stability of the supporting steel sleeve in the underground bedrock or soil, reducing the loosening or displacement of the steel sleeve caused by geological changes or upper loads, and providing a stable supporting foundation for the entire foundation reinforcement structure.

[0019] 2. The semi-open / semi-closed tunnel foundation reinforcement structure disclosed in this utility model involves installing a sac on the outer wall of the supporting steel casing, and injecting special grout into the sac through a pre-embedded grouting pipe. During the grouting process, the injection volume and pressure of the grout can be precisely controlled, allowing the sac to fully expand and tightly bond with the surrounding soil. After initial setting, grouting is performed in the free section to further fill the gap between the steel casing and the surrounding soil, improving the uniformity and effectiveness of grouting, enhancing the strength and stability of the underground soil, and effectively preventing uneven settlement of the foundation.

[0020] 3. The semi-open / semi-closed tunnel foundation reinforcement structure disclosed in this utility model enhances the overall integrity of the foundation reinforcement structure through the arrangement of reinforcement components. By using a tension rod that moves through the concrete foundation and supporting pressure plate, and by inserting the connecting base plate into the side limiting groove, and then utilizing the engagement of the limiting plate with the limiting rectangular plate and the tension rod, a tight connection is formed between the various components. This connection method ensures that when bearing the load of the superstructure, the various components can work together to resist external forces, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity and deformation resistance of the entire foundation reinforcement structure.

[0021] Other advantages, objectives, and features of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination and study, or may be learned from practice of this invention. The objectives and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the preferred embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the foundation reinforcement structure for the open section side of a semi-open tunnel according to this utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the foundation reinforcement structure on the open side of the semi-open tunnel of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the supporting steel sleeve in the foundation reinforcement structure of the semi-open tunnel side of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the supporting steel sleeve and sliding platform in the foundation reinforcement structure of the semi-open tunnel side of this utility model.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the semi-circular arch frame and concrete foundation in the semi-open tunnel side foundation reinforcement structure of this utility model.

[0028] Figure 6 This is an exploded structural diagram of the grouting box and tensioning rod in the semi-blind tunnel foundation reinforcement structure of this utility model.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Semi-circular arch frame; 2. Limiting plate; 3. Supporting pressure plate; 4. Concrete foundation; 5. Supporting steel sleeve; 6. Grouting box; 7. Grouting hole; 8. Bag; 9. Fixed tip; 10. Sliding table; 11. Slide groove; 12. Limiting arc groove; 13. Connecting hole; 14. Installation arc groove; 15. Sliding block; 16. Arc plate; 17. Connecting rod; 18. Outer sleeve; 19. Compression spring; 20. Rectangular limiting groove; 21. Circular limiting groove; 22. Reinforcing mesh; 23. Right-angle connecting frame; 24. Tensioning rod; 25. Connecting base plate; 26. Side limiting groove; 27. Arc clearance groove; 28. Limiting rectangular plate; 29. ​​Rectangular cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. This utility model can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this utility model.

[0031] like Figure 1As shown, multiple supporting steel sleeves 5 are positioned along the tunnel length at the bottom of the tunnel invert. These supporting steel sleeves 5 are made of high-strength alloy steel and are embedded deep into the bedrock or soil at a certain depth. During construction: First, on-site surveying and setting out are conducted. A total station and other surveying instruments are used to accurately determine the pile position of each grouting steel pipe pile, thereby determining the drilling points. After determining the drilling points, drilling equipment is used to drill downwards in batches at intervals around the determined drilling points. During drilling, the verticality and depth of the boreholes must be strictly controlled to ensure they meet design requirements. After drilling, high-pressure air is used for centralized cleaning of the borehole, continuously blowing air until no dust or gravel is blown out of the borehole opening. Then, the pile foundation drilling depth and borehole cleaning are inspected and accepted. After acceptance, the supporting steel sleeves 5 are inserted into the borehole.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, after the supporting steel sleeve 5 is inserted into the drilled hole, a grouting box 6 is installed on its top. The grouting box 6 is made of steel. Multiple grouting holes 7 are opened inside the grouting box 6, and these grouting holes 7 are connected to the supporting steel sleeve 5. Grouting is then performed, at which point the stabilizing component inside the supporting steel sleeve 5 begins to function. In the stabilizing component, two grooves 11 are opened on the inner wall of the supporting steel sleeve 5, and sliders 15 are slidably connected inside the grooves 11. A common sliding platform 10 is fixedly installed between the two sliders 15. The sliding platform 10 is made of hard alloy, and multiple [unclear text - possibly referring to specific components or features] are fixedly installed at its bottom. Figure 3 The fixed tip 9 shown is a conical steel structure. Under grouting pressure, the sliding table 10 moves downward within the supporting steel sleeve 5, causing multiple fixed tips 9 below to insert into the bottom of the pit. These tips slide continuously down the slide groove 11 via the slider 15 until the sliding table 10 reaches its lowest point. At this point, the two symmetrical mounting arc-shaped grooves 14 on the outer wall of the sliding table 10 are aligned with the two symmetrical limiting arc-shaped grooves 12 on the inner wall of the supporting steel sleeve 5. A connecting rod 17 slides radially through the inner wall of one side of the mounting arc-shaped groove 14. An arc-shaped plate 16 is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting rod 17, and the arc-shaped plate 16 cooperates with the mounting arc-shaped groove 14. The outer walls of the two connecting rods 17 are slidably fitted with the same outer sleeve 18, and the two connecting rods 17 are fixedly installed with the same compression spring 19. When the mounting arc groove 14 is aligned with the limiting arc groove 12, the two arc plates 16 move away from each other under the elastic force of the compression spring 19 and are respectively inserted into the two corresponding limiting arc grooves 12, thereby ensuring the stability of the sliding table 10.

[0033] like Figure 4As shown, multiple connecting holes 13 are opened inside the exposed supporting steel sleeve 5, communicating with the grouting bag 8. The grouting bag 8 is set in an annular groove on the outer wall of the supporting steel sleeve 5 and is made of high-strength rubber. Special grout is injected into the grouting bag 8 through a pre-embedded grouting pipe. The grout has a water-cement ratio of 0.4-0.45 and a micro-expansion agent is added. The grouting pressure is controlled at 0.3-0.5 MPa to maintain the pressure and allow the grouting bag 8 to fully expand. After the grout inside the grouting bag 8 has initially set, free section grouting is performed using the same grout but without the expansion agent, until grout returns to the borehole opening. During this process, the grouting technology, by precisely controlling the water-cement ratio, grouting pressure, and grouting volume, ensures the diffusion range and uniformity of the grout, solving the problem of inaccurate control of previous grouting effects. This effectively enhances the bonding tightness between the supporting steel sleeve 5 and the surrounding soil, improving the stability of the foundation.

[0034] like Figure 5 As shown, a graded crushed stone cushion layer is laid above the grouting box 6. The graded crushed stone is selected for its uniform particle size and good gradation. A concrete foundation 4 is poured and laid on top of the graded crushed stone layer. The concrete is made of high-strength concrete. A steel mesh 22 is fixedly installed on the top of the concrete foundation 4. The steel mesh 22 is made of welded steel bars. Two symmetrically arranged right-angled connecting frames 23, made of steel, are fixedly installed on the top of the two right-angled connecting frames 23. The same semi-circular arch frame 1, made of high-strength steel, is fixedly installed on the top of the two right-angled connecting frames 23 to provide support for the tunnel superstructure.

[0035] Reinforcing components are installed inside the concrete foundation 4 and the steel mesh 22. Within these reinforcing components, a single supporting plate 3, made of steel, is fixedly installed between two right-angled connecting frames 23. Figure 6As shown, two symmetrically arranged tension rods 24, made of high-strength alloy steel, are movably connected through the concrete foundation 4 and the supporting pressure plate 3. A connecting base plate 25 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tension rod 24. A rectangular cavity 29 is opened at the top of the grouting box 6. Two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped clearance grooves 27 are opened on the inner walls of both sides of the rectangular cavity 29. A connected side limiting groove 26 is opened on the inner wall of the top of the arc-shaped clearance groove 27. After grouting is completed, the tension rods 24 are tensioned. First, the connecting base plate 25 is inserted along the rectangular cavity 29. After insertion, the connecting base plate 25 is rotated, rotating inside the arc-shaped clearance grooves 27. After both ends enter the arc-shaped clearance grooves 27, the limiting rectangular plate 28 is lifted and fixedly installed on the top of the tension rod 24. The limiting rectangular plate 28 drives the tension rod 24 to move upward, and the tension rod 24 drives the connecting base plate 25 to move upward, causing the connecting base plate 25 to engage inside the side limiting groove 26. Furthermore, limiting plates 2, made of steel, can be inserted from both sides. These plates are located on either side of the top of the supporting pressure plate 3 and below the two limiting rectangular plates 28. A rectangular limiting groove 20 is formed on the inner wall of the opposite side of the limiting plate 2. The rectangular limiting groove 20 cooperates with the limiting rectangular plate 28. Below the rectangular limiting groove 20, a circular limiting groove 21, communicating with the rectangular limiting groove 20, is also formed on the inner wall of the limiting plate 2 on the opposite side. The circular limiting groove 21 engages with the tensioning rod 24. This method enhances the connection and fixation between components such as the concrete foundation 4, the reinforcing mesh 22, and the right-angle connecting frame 23, improving the overall integrity of the reinforced structure and enabling all components to work together to resist external forces.

[0036] The semi-open tunnel foundation reinforcement structure, through the above-described implementation method, effectively solves the problems that traditional foundation reinforcement methods are prone to in complex geological conditions, such as uneven settlement, insufficient stability of steel casing, poor overall integrity of the reinforcement structure, and inaccurate grouting reinforcement effect. It provides reliable foundation support for the overall tunnel structure and ensures the safety and service life of the tunnel.

[0037] When using the semi-open tunnel foundation reinforcement structure, on-site surveying and layout are first carried out to determine the pile position of each grouting steel pipe pile and the drilling point. Drilling is carried out in batches at intervals at the determined drilling points. After the hole is formed, high-pressure air is used to clean the hole until no dust or gravel is blown out of the hole. Then the pile foundation drilling depth and hole cleaning are inspected. Next, the supporting steel sleeve 5 is inserted into the hole. At this time, the grouting box 6 is installed on top of multiple supporting steel sleeves 5 and grouting is performed. At this time, the sliding table 10 below moves down under pressure. The sliding table 10 drives multiple fixed tips 9 below to insert into the bottom of the pit and moves down continuously through the slider 15 and the slide groove 11 until the sliding table 10 moves to the lowest point. Then, the arc groove 14 is installed and aligned with the limiting arc groove 12. At this time, the two arc plates 16 move away from each other, and the connecting rods 17 move away from each other under the elastic force of the compression spring 19. At this time, the two arc plates 16 are respectively inserted into the two corresponding limiting arc grooves 12 to ensure the stability of the sliding table 10 and expose the connecting hole 13. Special grout (water-cement ratio 0.4-0.45, with added micro-expansion agent) is injected into the grouting bag 8 through the pre-embedded grouting pipe. The grouting pressure is 0.3-0.5MPa. The pressure is maintained and the grouting bag 8 is fully expanded. After the grout inside the grouting bag 8 has initially set, grouting is carried out in the free section. The same grout is used but no expansion agent is added. Grouting continues until grout returns from the borehole opening.

[0038] Inside the grouting box 6, tension rod 24 is stretched. First, connecting base plate 25 is inserted along rectangular cavity 29, then connected base plate 25 is rotated. After connecting base plate 25 rotates inside arc-shaped relief groove 27, both ends enter the arc-shaped relief groove 27. At this time, limiting rectangular plate 28 is lifted. Limiting rectangular plate 28 drives tension rod 24 to move upward. Tension rod 24 drives connecting base plate 25 to move upward. At this time, connecting base plate 25 is inserted into the side limiting groove 26, and limiting plates 2 can be inserted from both sides. At this time, rectangular limiting groove 20 is engaged with limiting rectangular plate 28, and circular limiting groove 21 is engaged with tension rod 24 to ensure the stability of the device.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of this technical solution, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A foundation reinforcement structure for the open section side of a semi-open tunnel, characterized in that, This includes multiple supporting steel sleeves (5) arranged along the length of the tunnel at the bottom of the tunnel invert and extending into the bedrock or soil. A grouting box (6) is installed at the top of each supporting steel sleeve (5). The grouting box (6) has multiple grouting holes (7) connected to the supporting steel sleeves (5). Two sliding grooves (11) are opened on the inner wall of the bottom of the supporting steel sleeves (5). A slider (15) is slidably connected inside each groove (11). A sliding platform (10) is fixedly installed between the two sliders (15). Multiple fixed tips are fixedly installed at the bottom of the sliding platform (10). 9) The outer wall of the sliding table (10) is provided with two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped grooves (14). The inner wall of the arc-shaped groove (14) is slidably connected by a connecting rod (17) with a compression spring (19) at its free end. The end of the connecting rod (17) away from the compression spring (19) is fixedly installed with an arc plate (16) that cooperates with the arc-shaped groove (14). The inner wall of the supporting steel sleeve (5) is provided with two symmetrically arranged limiting arc-shaped grooves (12) that cooperate with the arc-shaped groove (14) respectively. The limiting arc-shaped grooves (12) and the arc plate (16) are engaged.

2. The foundation reinforcement structure for the open section side of a semi-open tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer walls of the two connecting rods (17) are fitted with the same outer sleeve (18).

3. The foundation reinforcement structure for the open section side of a semi-open tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer wall of the supporting steel sleeve (5) is provided with an annular groove, and a bladder (8) is integrally formed inside the annular groove. The supporting steel sleeve (5) is provided with multiple connecting holes (13) that communicate with the bladder (8).

4. The foundation reinforcement structure for the open section side of a semi-open tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, A graded crushed stone cushion layer is laid on top of the grouting box (6), and a concrete foundation (4) is poured and laid on top of the graded crushed stone cushion layer. A steel mesh (22) is fixedly installed on the top of the concrete foundation (4), and two right-angled connecting frames (23) are fixedly installed on the top of the steel mesh (22). The same semi-circular arch frame (1) is fixedly installed on the top of the two right-angled connecting frames (23).

5. The foundation reinforcement structure for the open section side of a semi-open tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that, The internal reinforcement components of the concrete foundation (4) and the steel mesh (22) include the same support plate (3) fixedly installed between two right-angled connecting frames (23). Two tension rods (24) are symmetrically arranged inside the concrete foundation (4) and the support plate (3). A connecting base plate (25) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the tension rods (24). A rectangular cavity (29) is opened at the top of the grouting box (6). Two arc-shaped clearance grooves (27) are symmetrically arranged on the inner walls of both sides of the rectangular cavity (29).

6. The foundation reinforcement structure for the open section side of a semi-open tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner wall of the top of the arc-shaped clearance groove (27) is provided with a connected side limiting groove (26). The connecting base plate (25) is engaged with the side limiting groove (26). The top of the tension rod (24) is fixedly installed with a limiting rectangular plate (28). The top two sides of the support pressure plate (3) are slidably connected with limiting plates (2). The limiting plates (2) are located below the two limiting rectangular plates (28).

7. The foundation reinforcement structure for the open section side of a semi-open tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner wall of the limiting plate (2) on one side is provided with a rectangular limiting groove (20) and a circular limiting groove (21) connected to the rectangular limiting groove (20). The rectangular limiting groove (20) is used in conjunction with the limiting rectangular plate (28), and the circular limiting groove (21) is engaged with the tensioning rod (24).

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