Safety protection device for super-high water pressure of surrounding rock in flat-hole excavation

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of tunnel excavation surrounding rock superhigh water pressure safety protection devices in the field of geological exploration, including the protective plate being set in the tunnel face behind, the protective plate includes I-beam framework and the steel plate being set on I-beam framework surface, the I-beam framework is fixed with anchor fixed in tunnel surrounding rock welding, the steel plate periphery is in abutment with tunnel surrounding rock, drill rod reserved hole is equipped in steel plate middle part, and drainage outlet is equipped in steel plate bottom part.The utility model sets a protective plate in the rear of face, and the protective plate is fixed firmly and is adapted to surrounding rock, and drill rod reserved hole and drainage outlet are set on the protective plate, when gushing water and mud situation occurs in face during drilling drainage, the protective plate can play blocking effect to it, reduce the intensity of gushing water and mud to hole, to reduce the influence caused to equipment in hole, and also can be for construction personnel in hole to escape to gain time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of geological exploration, and in particular to a safety protection device for ultra-high water pressure in the surrounding rock during horizontal tunnel excavation. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel excavation, to ensure construction safety, exploration is usually conducted simultaneously with excavation. If high-pressure water or geologically weak areas are found in the rock mass ahead of the tunnel face, the water pressure in the surrounding rock needs to be released first, and grouting is used to reinforce the surrounding rock before excavation continues. Currently, when using tunnel boring machines (TBMs) for tunnel excavation, there are supporting equipment for releasing pressurized water and grouting, making construction relatively convenient. However, for exploration tunnels, since their purpose is to explore the properties of the surrounding rock, grouting will damage the properties and shape of the surrounding rock ahead. Therefore, the excavation of exploration tunnels poses significant safety hazards. During the process of releasing pressurized water through drilling, there is a possibility of sudden water and mud inrushes, which can affect construction equipment and even cause injuries. Utility Model Content

[0003] To overcome the shortcomings of existing exploration tunnel excavation processes, such as the risk of water inrush and mudslides causing injuries, the technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a safety protection device for ultra-high water pressure in the surrounding rock of tunnel excavation that can ensure construction safety.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is: The safety protection device for ultra-high water pressure in the surrounding rock of a horizontal tunnel includes a protective plate installed behind the tunnel face. The protective plate includes an I-beam frame and a steel plate installed on the surface of the I-beam frame. The I-beam frame is welded and fixed to the anchors that penetrate into the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The periphery of the steel plate abuts against the surrounding rock of the tunnel. A drill rod pre-drill hole is provided in the middle of the steel plate, and a drainage outlet is provided at the bottom of the steel plate.

[0005] Furthermore, the protective plate is located 1-2 m away from the working face.

[0006] Furthermore, the I-beam frame is welded from I-beams arranged horizontally and vertically, and the spacing between adjacent I-beams gradually increases from the center to the periphery.

[0007] Furthermore, the I-beam frame comprises two layers, which are welded together by I-beams. The inner I-beam frame is welded and fixed to the anchor, and the steel plate is set on the surface of the outer I-beam frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the spacing between adjacent I-beams is 0.3-0.5m, and the spacing between two layers of I-beam frames is 0.5-1m.

[0009] Furthermore, the anchor includes locking foot and waist guide pipes installed on both sides of the tunnel and long anchoring guide pipes installed at the top of the arch, as well as anti-slip anchor rods installed at the bottom plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the locking foot and waist guide tubes and the long anchoring guide tubes are both inserted into the surrounding rock at least 3m, and the anti-slip anchor rods are inserted into the surrounding rock at least 1m.

[0011] Furthermore, the drill rod has three pre-drilled holes, one of which has a diameter of 100-200mm and is located in the middle of the steel plate, and the other two have a diameter of 300-400mm and are located on both sides of the steel plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the drain outlet is a rectangular opening located at the bottom corner of the steel plate, with the edges of the rectangular opening set along the transverse and longitudinal edges of the I-beams.

[0013] Furthermore, the side length of the rectangular opening is 0.5-1m.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: by setting a protective plate that is compatible with the surrounding rock and firmly fixed behind the working face, and setting drill rod pre-reserved holes and drainage outlets on the protective plate, when water and mud surges at the working face during the drilling drainage process, the protective plate can block it, reduce the intensity of water and mud surging into the tunnel, thereby reducing the impact on the equipment inside the tunnel, and also buying time for the construction personnel inside the tunnel to escape. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a side view of the structure of the protective plate of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a front view of the structure of the protective plate of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the anchors of this utility model.

[0016] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1-protective plate, 2-locking foot and waist small guide tube, 3-long anchoring small guide tube, 4-anti-slip anchor rod, 11-I-beam frame, 12-steel plate, 111-I-beam, 121-drill rod reserved hole, 122-drainage outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] It should be noted that if this utility model contains directional indicators such as up, down, left, right, front, and back, these terms are used to describe the relative positional relationships between components and are not specific references to the absolute positions of the components or the relationships between them. They are only used to explain the relative positional relationships and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly. If this utility model contains terms related to quantity such as "many," "multiple," or "several," these terms specifically refer to two or more.

[0019] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a safety protection device for ultra-high water pressure in the surrounding rock of a horizontal tunnel excavation, including a protective plate 1 set behind the tunnel face. The protective plate 1 includes an I-beam frame 11 and a steel plate 12 set on the surface of the I-beam frame 11. The I-beam frame 11 is welded and fixed to the anchors that penetrate into the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The periphery of the steel plate 12 abuts against the surrounding rock of the tunnel. A drill rod reserved hole 121 is provided in the middle of the steel plate 12, and a drainage outlet 122 is provided at the bottom of the steel plate 12.

[0020] The construction process of this utility model is as follows: After it has been determined that there is a large-scale fault and fissure water ahead of the tunnel face, the safety protection installation materials are transported to the construction site, and the safety protection measures are installed on-site. First, anchors are driven into the surrounding rock corresponding to the location where the protective plate 1 needs to be installed. Then, an I-beam frame 11 is welded and fixed to the anchors. Next, a steel plate 12 is welded onto the surface of the I-beam frame 11. The outline of the steel plate 12 is adapted to the tunnel cross section as much as possible to avoid water spraying out from the gap between the steel plate 12 and the tunnel surrounding rock. Finally, drill rod pre-drill holes 121 and drainage outlets 122 are machined on the steel plate 12. After the safety protection measures are completed, an on-site inspection and acceptance are carried out. Subsequent construction can only proceed after the acceptance is completed. Subsequently, the drill rod of the drilling rig is passed through the drill rod pre-drill holes 121 on the steel plate 12 to drill advance drainage holes and pressure relief holes on the tunnel face to initially release the water pressure in the surrounding rock ahead. After the high-pressure water in front of the working face is released, the protective plate 1 is removed, and then normal blasting drilling can continue in front of the working face.

[0021] In cases where there is a large amount of water in the surrounding rock ahead, to prevent the impact force of high-pressure water from acting directly on the protective plate 1, the protective plate 1 can be set at a distance of 1-2 m from the working face. After the space between the protective plate 1 and the working face is filled with water, it can dissipate the energy of the high-pressure water jetting from the borehole at the working face, thereby reducing the impact of the gushing water on the protective plate 1.

[0022] When manufacturing the protective plate 1, considering the large size of the tunnel, the width and height of the protective plate 1 are mostly around 3m. It is only fixed to the perimeter by welding with anchors, which leads to large deformation in the middle of the protective plate 1. Therefore, when manufacturing the I-beam frame 11, it is made of I-beams 111 arranged horizontally and vertically by welding. From the middle to the perimeter, the spacing between adjacent I-beams 111 gradually increases. The specific spacing can be controlled at 0.3-0.5m. This makes the I-beams 111 closer to the middle of the steel plate 12 more dense, thereby increasing the impact resistance of the entire protective plate 1.

[0023] During the process of draining pressurized water through boreholes, if the pressure within the rock mass is high and the working face structure is unstable, sudden water and mud inrushes may occur. The erupting water and mud, carrying debris, could damage the steel plate 12. Therefore, a further solution is that the I-beam frame 11 comprises two layers, with a spacing of 0.5-1m between the two layers. The two layers are welded together by I-beams 111. The inner layer of the I-beam frame 11 is welded and fixed to anchors, and the steel plate 12 is placed on the surface of the outer layer of the I-beam frame 11. The inner layer of the I-beam frame 11 refers to the layer closer to the working face; its grid-like structure can effectively block the mud and debris inrushes, thereby reducing the impact on the steel plate 12 and ensuring the structural stability and blocking effect of the entire protective plate 1.

[0024] Regarding the installation of anchors, the preferred embodiment of this invention is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the anchoring components include locking foot and waist guide tubes 2 installed on both sides of the tunnel, long anchoring guide tubes 3 installed at the top of the arch, and anti-slip anchor rods 4 installed at the bottom plate. To ensure the stability of the anchoring components, the locking foot and waist guide tubes 2 and the long anchoring guide tubes 3 are both inserted into the surrounding rock at least 3m, and the anti-slip anchor rods 4 are inserted into the surrounding rock at least 1m.

[0025] To improve drainage, the drill rod pre-drilling holes 121 can include three holes: one with a diameter of 100-200mm located in the middle of the steel plate 12, and the other two with a diameter of 300-400mm located on both sides of the steel plate 12. During construction, a smaller drill rod is first inserted through the middle drill rod pre-drilling hole 121 to test for water. If a large amount of water is found, a larger drill rod is then inserted through the drill rod pre-drilling holes 121 on both sides to drain the water, thereby improving drainage and pressure relief efficiency.

[0026] Regarding the design of the drain outlet 122, since there is a grid-shaped I-beam frame 11 inside, for ease of manufacturing, the drain outlet 122 can be set as a rectangular opening at the bottom corner of the steel plate 12. The edge of the rectangular opening is set along the edges of the horizontal and vertical I-beams 111, thus using the I-beams 111 to protect the edges of the drain outlet 122. In addition, to ensure unobstructed drainage, the side length of the rectangular opening can be set to 0.5-1m.

[0027] This utility model features a protective plate 1 that is compatible with and securely fixed to the surrounding rock behind the working face. The protective plate 1 has drill rod pre-drill holes 121 and drainage outlets 122. When water or mud surges at the working face during drilling and drainage, the protective plate 1 can block it, reducing the intensity of water or mud surging into the tunnel, thereby mitigating the impact on equipment inside the tunnel. It can also buy time for construction workers inside the tunnel to escape, demonstrating its practicality and application value.

Claims

1. A safety protection device for ultra-high water pressure in surrounding rock during horizontal tunnel excavation, characterized in that: The protective plate (1) is set behind the tunnel face. The protective plate (1) includes an I-beam frame (11) and a steel plate (12) set on the surface of the I-beam frame (11). The I-beam frame (11) is welded and fixed to the anchors that penetrate into the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The steel plate (12) is in contact with the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The steel plate (12) has a drill rod reserved hole (121) in the middle and a drainage outlet (122) at the bottom.

2. The safety protection device for ultra-high water pressure in surrounding rock during horizontal tunnel excavation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The protective plate (1) is located 1-2 m away from the working face.

3. The safety protection device for ultra-high water pressure in surrounding rock during horizontal tunnel excavation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The I-beam frame (11) is welded from I-beams (111) arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the spacing between adjacent I-beams (111) gradually increases from the middle to the periphery.

4. The safety protection device for ultra-high water pressure in surrounding rock during horizontal tunnel excavation as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The I-beam frame (11) comprises two layers, which are welded together by I-beams (111). The inner I-beam frame (11) is welded and fixed to the anchor, and the steel plate (12) is placed on the surface of the outer I-beam frame (11).

5. The safety protection device for ultra-high water pressure in surrounding rock during horizontal tunnel excavation as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The spacing between adjacent I-beams (111) is 0.3-0.5m, and the spacing between two layers of I-beam frames (11) is 0.5-1m.

6. The safety protection device for ultra-high water pressure in surrounding rock during horizontal tunnel excavation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The anchors include small guide pipes (2) for locking feet and waists on both sides of the tunnel, long anchoring guide pipes (3) for the arch top, and anti-slip anchors (4) for the bottom plate.

7. The safety protection device for ultra-high water pressure in surrounding rock during horizontal tunnel excavation as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The locking foot and waist small guide tube (2) and the long anchoring small guide tube (3) are both inserted into the surrounding rock at least 3m, and the anti-slip anchor rod (4) is inserted into the surrounding rock at least 1m.

8. The safety protection device for ultra-high water pressure in surrounding rock during horizontal tunnel excavation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The drill rod pre-drilled hole (121) includes three holes, one of which has a diameter of 100-200 mm and is located in the middle of the steel plate (12), and the other two have a diameter of 300-400 mm and are located on both sides of the steel plate (12).

9. The safety protection device for ultra-high water pressure in surrounding rock during horizontal tunnel excavation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The drain outlet (122) is a rectangular opening located at the bottom corner of the steel plate (12), with the edge of the rectangular opening set along the edges of the transverse and longitudinal H-beams (111).

10. The safety protection device for ultra-high water pressure in surrounding rock during horizontal tunnel excavation as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The side length of the rectangular opening is 0.5-1m.

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