A tunnel anchor support structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a tunnel anchor cable support structure, including anchor cable, outer anchor pier and inner anchor pier, and outer anchor pier is located on the ground, and inner anchor pier is located at the top of tunnel, and the anchor cable is through outer anchor pier, inner anchor pier and the stratum between outer anchor pier and inner anchor pier, and the outer end of anchor cable is equipped with outer fixed component, and the inner end is equipped with inner fixed component, and the outer fixed component is pressed on the upper surface of outer anchor pier, and the inner fixed component is resisted on the lower surface of inner anchor pier. The tunnel anchor cable support structure of this utility model increases the stratum strength, reduces the stratum subsidence over-limit risk above tunnel, and reduces the tunnel anchor cable support structure of construction cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel support construction technology, specifically to a tunnel anchor cable support structure. Background Technology

[0002] As a typical linear, narrow underground structure, a tunnel's structure can be likened to a special underground corridor traversing complex geological formations (the matrix on both sides and above). Its stability is crucial to the safe operation of the entire project. However, the rock and soil masses (matrix) traversed by tunnels often exhibit heterogeneity, well-developed joints and fissures, and complex in-situ stresses, making them highly susceptible to local instability or even collapse during construction or operation, posing a significant threat to the safety of personnel, equipment, and the project itself.

[0003] Chinese patent application number 202110393232.8 discloses a construction method for tunnel support based on NPR anchor cables. This method uses high-preload constant-resistance anchor cables to control deformation at large-section tunnel intersections. The high-preload NPR anchor cable support mechanism consists of short and long anchor cables, which increase the strength of the surrounding rock. However, this method of using short and long anchor cables to increase the strength of the surrounding rock has two drawbacks. First, the strength increase from short and long anchor cables is limited by the surrounding rock's properties, and the risk of excessive surface settlement still exists. Second, it requires a large number of short and long anchor cables to be installed along the circumferential and axial directions of the surrounding rock, resulting in a large workload and high construction costs. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a tunnel anchor cable support structure that increases the strength of the stratum, reduces the risk of excessive settlement of the stratum above the tunnel, and reduces construction costs.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A tunnel anchor cable support structure includes an anchor cable, an outer anchor block, and an inner anchor block. The outer anchor block is located on the ground, and the inner anchor block is located at the top of the tunnel. The anchor cable passes through the outer anchor block, the inner anchor block, and the stratum between the outer and inner anchor blocks. The outer end of the anchor cable is provided with an outer fixing component, and the inner end is provided with an inner fixing component. The outer fixing component presses against the upper surface of the outer anchor block, and the inner fixing component abuts against the lower surface of the inner anchor block.

[0006] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: The external anchor includes a concrete seat and a concrete raised seat. The concrete seat is located on the ground, and the concrete raised seat is located on the upper surface of the concrete seat. The anchor cable passes through the concrete seat and the concrete raised seat, and the external fixing component presses against the upper surface of the concrete raised seat.

[0007] The concrete seat cushion has a larger area than the concrete raised seat, and the concrete raised seat is thicker than the concrete seat cushion.

[0008] An outer steel plate pad is provided on the upper surface of the concrete raised seat, the anchor cable passes through the outer steel plate pad, and the outer fixing component presses on the upper surface of the outer steel plate pad.

[0009] The outer end of the anchor cable is covered with an outer protective cap, which is fixed on the outer steel plate pad.

[0010] The inner anchor includes a concrete leveling pad and an inner steel plate pad. The concrete leveling pad is located at the top of the tunnel, the inner fixing component abuts against the lower surface of the inner steel plate pad, and the anchor cable passes through the concrete leveling pad and the inner steel plate pad.

[0011] The inner end of the anchor cable is covered with an inner protective cap, which is fixed on the inner steel plate pad.

[0012] The outer anchor pier is equipped with a first positioning steel pipe, and the inner anchor pier is equipped with a second positioning steel pipe. The anchor cable passes through the first and second positioning steel pipes. The first positioning steel pipe is equipped with a grout inlet pipe and a grout return pipe. Both the grout inlet pipe and the grout return pipe extend to the outside of the outer anchor pier. The outer anchor pier is equipped with a first insert bar on the outer periphery of the first positioning steel pipe, and the inner anchor pier is equipped with a second insert bar on the outer periphery of the second positioning steel pipe.

[0013] The anchor cable includes multiple steel strands, each of which passes through the outer anchor, the inner anchor, and the stratum between the outer and inner anchors. The outer fixing component is fixed to the outer end of each steel strand, and the inner fixing component is fixed to the inner end of each steel strand.

[0014] The outer anchor is set on the bedrock surface after ground excavation, and the inner anchor is set on the rock at the top of the tunnel.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are: This utility model discloses a tunnel anchor cable support structure. The outer end of the anchor cable is pressed against the upper surface of the outer anchor block by an external fixing component, and the inner end is pressed against the lower surface of the inner anchor block by an internal fixing component. This causes the stratum between the outer and inner anchor blocks to be sandwiched between the outer and inner anchor blocks. On the one hand, this increases the integrity of the stratum above the tunnel, thereby greatly increasing the stratum strength and reducing the risk of excessive settlement of the stratum above the tunnel. On the other hand, compared with existing short and long anchor cable reinforcement methods, the reinforcement effect is better, so the amount of anchor cable construction can be reduced, thereby reducing construction costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel anchor cable support structure of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-section of the outer anchor pier of the tunnel anchor cable support structure of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the inner anchor pier of the tunnel anchor cable support structure of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a top view schematic diagram of the outer anchor pier of the tunnel anchor cable support structure of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a bottom view schematic diagram of the inner anchor pier of the tunnel anchor cable support structure of this utility model.

[0021] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Anchor cable; 11. Steel strand; 2. External anchor; 21. Concrete seat; 22. Concrete raised seat; 23. External steel plate pad; 24. First positioning steel pipe; 241. Grout inlet pipe; 242. Grout return pipe; 25. First reinforcing bar; 3. Internal anchor; 31. Concrete leveling pad; 32. Internal steel plate pad; 33. Second positioning steel pipe; 34. Second reinforcing bar; 4. Tunnel; 5. External fixing assembly; 6. Internal fixing assembly; 7. External protective cap; 8. Internal protective cap; 9. Temporary support; 91. Base frame; 92. Telescopic top support component. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0025] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "assembly," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] Figures 1 to 5 This invention illustrates an embodiment of the tunnel anchor cable support structure. The tunnel anchor cable support structure of this embodiment includes an anchor cable 1, an outer anchor block 2, and an inner anchor block 3. The outer anchor block 2 is located on the ground, and the inner anchor block 3 is located at the top of the tunnel 4. The anchor cable 1 passes through the outer anchor block 2, the inner anchor block 3, and the stratum between the outer anchor block 2 and the inner anchor block 3. The outer end of the anchor cable 1 is provided with an outer fixing component 5, and the inner end is provided with an inner fixing component 6. The outer fixing component 5 presses against the upper surface of the outer anchor block 2, and the inner fixing component 6 abuts against the lower surface of the inner anchor block 3.

[0027] In this tunnel anchor cable support structure, the outer end of the anchor cable 1 is pressed against the upper surface of the outer anchor 2 by the outer fixing component 5, and the inner end is pressed against the lower surface of the inner anchor 3 by the inner fixing component 6. This causes the stratum between the outer anchor 2 and the inner anchor 3 to be sandwiched between the outer anchor 2 and the inner anchor 3. On the one hand, this increases the integrity of the stratum above the tunnel 4, thereby greatly increasing the stratum strength and reducing the risk of excessive settlement of the stratum above the tunnel 4. On the other hand, compared with the existing short anchor cable and long anchor cable reinforcement methods, the reinforcement effect is better, so the amount of anchor cable 1 can be reduced, thereby reducing the construction cost.

[0028] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the outer anchor 2 includes a concrete seat 21 and a concrete raised seat 22. The concrete seat 21 is placed on the ground, and the concrete raised seat 22 is placed on the upper surface of the concrete seat 21. The anchor cable 1 passes through the concrete seat 21 and the concrete raised seat 22, and the outer fixing component 5 is pressed on the upper surface of the concrete raised seat 22.

[0029] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the concrete seat 21 has a larger area than the concrete raised seat 22, and the concrete raised seat 22 is thicker than the concrete seat 21. The concrete seat 21 increases the contact area with the ground, enhancing the stability of load transfer. Preferably, the concrete raised seat 22 is located in the middle of the concrete seat 21. The concrete raised seat 22 increases the overall thickness of the outer anchor 2, improving structural strength.

[0030] Furthermore, in this embodiment, an outer steel plate pad 23 is provided on the upper surface of the concrete raised seat 22, the anchor cable 1 passes through the outer steel plate pad 23, and the outer fixing component 5 is pressed against the upper surface of the outer steel plate pad 23. The outer fixing component 5 is pressed tightly against the concrete raised seat 22 by the outer steel plate pad 23, thereby improving contact stability.

[0031] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the outer end of the anchor cable 1 is covered with an outer protective cap 7, which is fixed to the outer steel plate pad 23. Preferably, the outer protective cap 7 is fixed to the outer steel plate pad 23 by bolts.

[0032] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the inner anchor 3 includes a concrete leveling pad 31 and an inner steel plate pad 32. The concrete leveling pad 31 is disposed on the top of the tunnel 4, and the inner fixing component 6 abuts against the lower surface of the inner steel plate pad 32. The anchor cable 1 passes through the concrete leveling pad 31 and the inner steel plate pad 32. The concrete leveling pad 31 levels the top of the tunnel 4, improving the tightness of the fit between the inner anchor 3 and the top of the tunnel 4.

[0033] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the inner end of the anchor cable 1 is covered with an inner protective cap 8, which is fixed to the inner steel plate pad 32. Preferably, the inner protective cap 8 is fixed to the inner steel plate pad 32 by bolts. More preferably, a concrete protective layer is provided outside the inner protective cap 8, which is located inside the top wall of the tunnel 4 to cover the inner protective cap 8.

[0034] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, a first positioning steel pipe 24 is embedded in the outer anchor pier 2, and a second positioning steel pipe 33 is embedded in the inner anchor pier 3. The anchor cable 1 passes through the first positioning steel pipe 24 and the second positioning steel pipe 33. The first positioning steel pipe 24 is provided with a grout inlet pipe 241 and a grout return pipe 242, both of which extend to the outside of the outer anchor pier 2. The outer anchor pier 2 is provided with a first reinforcing bar 25 on the outer periphery of the first positioning steel pipe 24, and the inner anchor pier 3 is provided with a second reinforcing bar 34 on the outer periphery of the second positioning steel pipe 33. The first positioning steel pipe 24 and the second positioning steel pipe 33 are used to position the internal anchor cable 1.

[0035] Specifically, a through hole is provided in the stratum at the top of tunnel 4, and the anchor cable 1 is inserted through the through hole. The bottom end of the first positioning steel pipe 24 and the top end of the second positioning steel pipe 33 are both inserted into the through hole. The anchor cable 1 is strengthened by grouting into the first positioning steel pipe 24, the through hole, and the second positioning steel pipe 33 through the grout inlet pipe 241. During grouting through the grout inlet pipe 241, the grout circulates through the grout return pipe 242, which helps to ensure that the through hole is filled tightly. Preferably, the grout return pipe 242 is located above the grout inlet pipe 241. The first reinforcing bar 25 and the second reinforcing bar 34 further increase the structural strength.

[0036] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the anchor cable 1 includes multiple steel strands 11, each of which penetrates the outer anchor 2, the inner anchor 3, and the stratum between the outer anchor 2 and the inner anchor 3. The outer fixing component 5 is fixed to the outer end of each steel strand 11, and the inner fixing components 6 are fixed to the inner end of each steel strand 11. The outer fixing component 5 and the inner fixing component 6 have the same structure and are existing components, including a multi-hole anchor and clamps. The steel strands 11 pass through the holes of the multi-hole anchor and are then clamped by the clamps.

[0037] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the outer anchor 2 is set on the bedrock surface after ground excavation, and the inner anchor 3 is set on the rock at the top of the tunnel 4, which further improves the overall strength. In addition, the load of the anchor cable 1 is evenly transferred to the rock through the inner anchor 3, avoiding stress concentration that could cause the rock to crack.

[0038] Before construction, temporary supports 9 are installed inside tunnel 4 to lift the ground above tunnel 4. Specifically, the temporary supports 9 lift the rock above tunnel 4 to improve stability and prevent subsidence. Preferably, the temporary supports 9 include a base frame 91 and a telescopic support component 92. The temporary supports 9 are located at the bottom of tunnel 4, and the telescopic support component 92 is located on the temporary supports 9 and lifts the rock above tunnel 4 (i.e., the ground above tunnel 4). The telescopic support component 92 is preferably a cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, electric cylinder, or jack, etc.

[0039] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify it into equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention, without departing from the content of the present invention, should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel anchor cable support structure, characterized in that: It includes an anchor cable (1), an outer anchor block (2) and an inner anchor block (3). The outer anchor block (2) is located on the ground, and the inner anchor block (3) is located at the top of the tunnel (4). The anchor cable (1) passes through the outer anchor block (2), the inner anchor block (3), and the stratum between the outer anchor block (2) and the inner anchor block (3). The outer end of the anchor cable (1) is provided with an outer fixing component (5), and the inner end is provided with an inner fixing component (6). The outer fixing component (5) presses against the upper surface of the outer anchor block (2), and the inner fixing component (6) abuts against the lower surface of the inner anchor block (3).

2. The tunnel anchor cable support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer anchor (2) includes a concrete seat (21) and a concrete raised seat (22). The concrete seat (21) is located on the ground, and the concrete raised seat (22) is located on the upper surface of the concrete seat (21). The anchor cable (1) passes through the concrete seat (21) and the concrete raised seat (22). The outer fixing component (5) is pressed on the upper surface of the concrete raised seat (22).

3. The tunnel anchor cable support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The concrete seat (21) has a larger area than the concrete raised seat (22), and the concrete raised seat (22) is thicker than the concrete seat (21).

4. The tunnel anchor cable support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper surface of the concrete raised seat (22) is provided with an outer steel plate pad (23), the anchor cable (1) is inserted in the outer steel plate pad (23), and the outer fixing component (5) is pressed on the upper surface of the outer steel plate pad (23).

5. The tunnel anchor cable support structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer end of the anchor cable (1) is covered with an outer protective cap (7), which is fixed on the outer steel plate pad (23).

6. The tunnel anchor cable support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner anchor block (3) includes a concrete leveling pad (31) and an inner steel plate pad (32). The concrete leveling pad (31) is located at the top of the tunnel (4). The inner fixing component (6) abuts against the lower surface of the inner steel plate pad (32). The anchor cable (1) passes through the concrete leveling pad (31) and the inner steel plate pad (32).

7. The tunnel anchor cable support structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner end of the anchor cable (1) is covered with an inner protective cap (8), which is fixed on the inner steel plate pad (32).

8. The tunnel anchor cable support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The outer anchor (2) is embedded with a first positioning steel pipe (24), and the inner anchor (3) is embedded with a second positioning steel pipe (33). The anchor cable (1) passes through the first positioning steel pipe (24) and the second positioning steel pipe (33). The first positioning steel pipe (24) is provided with a grout inlet pipe (241) and a grout return pipe (242). The grout inlet pipe (241) and the grout return pipe (242) both extend to the outside of the outer anchor (2). The outer anchor (2) is provided with a first insert bar (25) on the outer periphery of the first positioning steel pipe (24), and the inner anchor (3) is provided with a second insert bar (34) on the outer periphery of the second positioning steel pipe (33).

9. The tunnel anchor cable support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The anchor cable (1) includes multiple steel strands (11), each of which passes through the outer anchor (2), the inner anchor (3), and the stratum between the outer anchor (2) and the inner anchor (3). The outer fixing component (5) is fixed at the outer end of each steel strand (11), and the inner fixing component (6) is fixed at the inner end of each steel strand (11).

10. The tunnel anchor cable support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The outer anchor (2) is set on the bedrock surface after ground excavation, and the inner anchor (3) is set on the rock at the top of the tunnel (4).

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