An ultra-thin parallel light system and a lamp

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of ultra-thin parallel light system and lamps and lanterns, ultra-thin parallel light system includes light path in order setting mixed light source subassembly, light splitting grid array and fresnel lens array;The inside of mixed light source subassembly is equipped with mixed light cavity and the light source of at least one color distributed in mixed light cavity;The inner surface of mixed light cavity is all high reflection surface with diffuse reflection characteristics;The side of mixed light cavity is equipped with light transmission pinhole array;The light splitting grid of light splitting grid array and the light transmission pinhole of light transmission pinhole array are coaxial one-to-one correspondence;The fresnel lens of fresnel lens array and the light splitting grid of light splitting grid array are coaxial one-to-one correspondence.The utility model realizes the uniform mixing of multicolor light while realizing ultra-thin structure, high parallelism light emission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of light source technology, and in particular to an ultra-thin parallel light system and lamp. Background Technology

[0002] Parallel light sources have important applications in accent lighting, decorative lighting, and precision optical inspection. To achieve a small emission angle and high parallelism, existing technologies typically employ two approaches. One is to use ultra-small LED light sources. While this method can achieve small-angle light emission, it limits the power of the light source, narrows the selection range, and struggles to meet the requirement of uniform mixing of multiple colors in dimming and color-tuning lighting applications. The other approach is to use an optical lens system for collimation, such as increasing the lens aperture or lengthening the optical path. However, this method often results in a large and heavy lamp body, making it difficult to meet the design requirements of ultra-thin and compact designs, and it is also prone to introducing stray light and luminous efficiency loss.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies combine Fresnel zone arrays with pinhole aperture arrays to achieve parallel light sources with relatively small axial dimensions. However, this approach is primarily designed for monochromatic or specific types of light sources (such as MicroLEDs). The pinhole apertures only limit the emitting area and form a point light source array, without addressing the issue of uniform light mixing for multi-color light sources. When applied to multi-color light or high-power multi-color light source combinations, uniform color mixing cannot be achieved, making it difficult to meet the color consistency requirements of high-quality lighting.

[0004] Therefore, there is still a lack of efficient parallel light optics solutions in the existing technology that can achieve ultra-thin structure and high parallelism light output, and effectively solve the problem of uniform light mixing of multi-color light sources. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ultra-thin parallel light system and lamp, which aims to solve the problem of uniform light mixing of multi-color light sources while achieving an ultra-thin structure and high parallelism light output.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: providing an ultra-thin parallel light system, including a mixing light source component, a beam splitter array, and a Fresnel lens array arranged sequentially along the optical path; The light mixing component has a light mixing cavity inside and at least one color light source distributed in the light mixing cavity; the inner surface of the light mixing cavity is a highly reflective surface with diffuse reflection characteristics; and a light-transmitting aperture array is provided on one side of the light mixing cavity. The beam-splitting grids of the beam-splitting array and the light-transmitting apertures of the light-transmitting aperture array are coaxially and correspond one-to-one. The Fresnel lenses of the Fresnel lens array are coaxially and correspond one-to-one with the beamsplitters of the beam splitter array.

[0007] Furthermore, the mixing light source assembly includes: A light source module includes an annular frame and a light source disposed on at least one inner side of the annular frame; A first reflective part is disposed on one side of the annular frame; The second reflective part is disposed on the other side of the annular frame; The annular frame, the first reflective part, and the second reflective part together form the light mixing cavity, and the array of light-transmitting small holes is formed on the second reflective part.

[0008] Furthermore, both the first reflective part and the second reflective part are thin plates with a highly reflective paint layer on their inner surfaces.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner surfaces of both the first reflective portion and the second reflective portion are frosted surfaces.

[0010] Furthermore, both the first reflective part and the second reflective part are high-reflectivity reflective paper.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner sides of the annular frame, except for the inner side where the light source is located, are all frosted surfaces with a highly reflective paint layer.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner surface of the beam-splitting grid of the beam-splitting array is a black frosted surface with high absorption rate.

[0013] Furthermore, the axial thickness of the light mixing cavity is 8.5 mm to 13.4 mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the axial thickness of the beam splitter array is 10 mm to 20 mm.

[0015] This utility model embodiment also provides a lamp, including the ultra-thin parallel light system as described above.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model embodiment are as follows: Multi-color light emitted by a light source (such as a multi-color LED light source) is repeatedly reflected and scattered by a high-reflectivity diffuse reflection surface within the mixing cavity, achieving uniform color mixing; the mixed light can only exit through small light-transmitting holes, each of which is equivalent to a secondary point light source; after being spatially isolated by a corresponding beam splitter, the emitted light is optically collimated by a coaxial Fresnel lens, ultimately outputting parallel light. Based on this, this utility model embodiment, through the integrated design of "intra-cavity light mixing, small-hole light output, beam splitting isolation, and Fresnel collimation," achieves uniform mixing and high parallelism output of multi-color light within an ultra-thin space, that is, while achieving an ultra-thin structure and high parallelism output, it also achieves uniform mixing of multi-color light. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ultrathin parallel light system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the ultrathin parallel light system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the light source module provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second reflector provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the beam-splitting array provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a side view of the beam-splitting array provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the Fresnel lens provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating the refraction principle of a Fresnel lens provided for an embodiment of this utility model.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal reflection and diffuse reflection of the mixing cavity provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of light passing through a small aperture array and being refracted by a Fresnel lens array, as provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0028] Explanation of the markings in the image: 1. Mixing light source assembly; 11. Light source module; 111. Ring frame; 112. Light source; 12. First reflector; 13. Second reflector; 14. Mixing cavity; 131. Light-transmitting aperture array; 2. Beam splitter array; 21. Beam splitter; 3. Fresnel lens array; 31. Fresnel lens. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0030] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0031] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0032] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0033] Please see Figures 1 to 3 This utility model provides an ultrathin parallel light system, which includes a mixing light source component 1, a beam splitter array 2 and a Fresnel lens array 3 arranged sequentially along the light path; The mixing light source assembly 1 has a mixing cavity 14 inside and a light source 112 of at least one color distributed in the mixing cavity 14; the inner surface of the mixing cavity 14 is a highly reflective surface with diffuse reflection characteristics; a light-transmitting aperture array 131 is provided on one side of the mixing cavity 14. The beam splitter 21 of the beam splitter array 2 and the light-transmitting aperture of the light-transmitting aperture array 131 are coaxially and correspond one-to-one. The Fresnel lens 31 of the Fresnel lens array 3 is coaxially and one-to-one with the beam splitter 21 of the beam splitter array 2.

[0034] In this embodiment, the light mixing assembly 1 has a closed mixing cavity 14 inside, and at least one color light source 112 is arranged in the mixing cavity 14, such as a monochromatic, dual-color, or multi-color LED light source. All inner surfaces of the mixing cavity 14 are highly reflective surfaces with diffuse reflection characteristics, and the reflectivity is greater than 98%, to ensure that the light is reflected multiple times and fully mixed in the cavity. A regularly arranged array of light-transmitting small holes 131 is provided on one side of the mixing cavity 14 (usually the light-emitting side) as the light outlet.

[0035] In this embodiment, the beam splitter array 2 is composed of multiple independent beam splitter units 21. Each beam splitter 21 is coaxial with and corresponds one-to-one with a light-transmitting aperture in the light-transmitting aperture array 131. Its function is to spatially isolate the light emitted from each light-transmitting aperture to prevent them from interfering with each other.

[0036] In this embodiment, the Fresnel lens array 3 is composed of multiple Fresnel lens 31 units. Each Fresnel lens 31 is coaxially corresponding to a beam splitter 21, and its optical center is aligned with the aperture and beam splitter channel, thereby converting the diverging light emitted from the aperture into parallel light emission.

[0037] Based on this, combined Figure 3 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 In this embodiment, the multi-color light emitted by the light source 112 (such as a multi-color LED light source) is repeatedly reflected and scattered by a high-reflection diffuse reflection surface in the mixing cavity 14 to achieve uniform color mixing. The mixed light can only be emitted through the light-transmitting aperture array 131, and each light-transmitting aperture of the light-transmitting aperture array 131 is equivalent to a secondary point light source. After the emitted light is spatially isolated by the corresponding beam splitter 21, it is optically collimated by the coaxial Fresnel lens 31 and finally output as parallel light.

[0038] Based on this, this embodiment achieves uniform mixing and high parallelism output of multicolor light in an ultra-thin space through the integrated design of "intracavity light mixing, small aperture light output, beam splitting and isolation and Fresnel collimation". That is, while achieving ultra-thin structure and high parallelism light output, it also achieves uniform mixing of multicolor light.

[0039] The following is a detailed description of the mixed light source component 1 of this utility model.

[0040] like Figures 2 to 4 In one embodiment, the mixed light source assembly 1 includes a light source module 11, a first reflective part 12, and a second reflective part 13; the light source module 11 includes an annular frame 111 and a light source 112 disposed on at least one inner side of the annular frame 111; the first reflective part 12 is disposed on one side of the annular frame 111; and the second reflective part 13 is disposed on the other side of the annular frame 111. The annular frame 111, the first reflective part 12, and the second reflective part 13 enclose and form the light mixing cavity 14, and the light-transmitting small hole array 131 is formed on the second reflective part 13.

[0041] In this embodiment, a specific implementation of the light mixing component 1 includes a light source module 11, a first reflector 12, and a second reflector 13. The light source module 11 consists of an annular frame 111 and light sources 112 disposed on at least one inner side of the annular frame 111. The light sources 112 are typically surface-mount LEDs and can be arranged along one or more inner sides of the annular frame 111 to form lateral light. The first reflector 12 is disposed on one side of the annular frame 111 and is typically a plate-like structure; the second reflector 13 is disposed on the other side of the annular frame 111 and is also a plate-like structure. The annular frame 111, the first reflector 12, and the second reflector 13 together form a closed light mixing cavity 14, wherein the second reflector 13 has the aforementioned array of light-transmitting small holes 131.

[0042] This embodiment achieves a lateral layout of the light source 112 and a compact encapsulation of the cavity, allowing light to be fully reflected and mixed from the side within the mixing cavity 14, ultimately directionally emitted only through the array of light-transmitting apertures 131 on the second reflector 13. Based on this, the modular structure of the annular frame 111 in this embodiment, combined with the dual-sided reflectors, facilitates the assembly and encapsulation of the light mixing component 1, while maintaining the optical sealing and structural thinness of the mixing cavity 14, providing a reliable mechanical and optical foundation for the ultra-thin design of the overall system.

[0043] In one embodiment, both the first reflective portion 12 and the second reflective portion 13 are thin plates with a highly reflective paint layer on their inner surfaces.

[0044] In this embodiment, both the first reflective part 12 and the second reflective part 13 are thin plate structures, and a highly reflective paint layer is coated on the inner surface facing the light mixing cavity 14. This highly reflective paint layer has extremely high reflectivity (typically >98%), which can maximize the reflection of light incident on the thin plate back into the light mixing cavity 14, reduce light energy loss, and ensure light mixing efficiency.

[0045] In this embodiment, the thickness of the first reflective part 12 and the second reflective part 13 can be between 0.25 and 0.7 mm; the diameter of the light-transmitting hole on the second reflective part 13 is between 0.5 mm and 2 mm, and the spacing between two adjacent holes is between 5 mm and 20 mm.

[0046] This embodiment uses a thin plate with a highly reflective coating as the reflective part. While ensuring high reflectivity, it is beneficial to achieve lightweight and low-cost manufacturing of the reflective component, and it is easy to perform planar bonding assembly with the annular frame 111, thereby improving the overall structural stability and optical consistency. In one embodiment, the inner surfaces of the first reflective portion 12 and the second reflective portion 13 are both frosted surfaces.

[0047] In this embodiment, the inner surfaces of the first reflective portion 12 and the second reflective portion 13 are designed as frosted surfaces. This frosted surface is a finely roughened structure formed on a substrate (such as the thin plate described above) using physical or chemical methods. Its function is to convert the reflected light emitted by the light source 112 into diffuse reflection. When light enters the mixing cavity 14 and irradiates the frosted surface, it is scattered in all directions, thereby forming a more uniform diffuse light field within the mixing cavity 14, significantly promoting spatial mixing between different colors of light.

[0048] Based on this, the inner surfaces of the first reflective part 12 and the second reflective part 13 are frosted, which greatly enhances the diffuse reflection effect in the light mixing cavity 14, effectively avoids bright spots or color layering that may be formed by mirror reflection, and ensures the high uniformity of color and brightness of the light emitted from each light-transmitting hole.

[0049] In one embodiment, both the first reflective portion 12 and the second reflective portion 13 are high-reflectivity reflective paper.

[0050] In this embodiment, the first reflective part 12 and the second reflective part 13 can also be made directly from high-reflectivity reflective paper. This reflective paper itself has extremely high reflectivity (typically >98%) and its surface has microstructures that are conducive to diffuse reflection. Specifically, the high-reflectivity reflective paper can be attached to a thin plate substrate or directly formed into a plate shape to serve as the reflective wall of the light mixing cavity 14.

[0051] Based on this, this embodiment uses high reflective paper, which is readily available, easy to process, and inexpensive. It also typically has good flexibility, making it easy to cut and paste, providing another economical and efficient implementation scheme for the production of the mixed light source component 1, while also meeting the optical requirements of high reflectivity and diffuse reflection.

[0052] In one embodiment, the inner sides of the annular frame 111, except for the inner side where the light source 112 is located, are all frosted surfaces with a highly reflective paint layer.

[0053] In this embodiment, all inner surfaces of the annular frame 111, except for the inner surface where the light source 112 is mounted, should be treated, i.e., designed as frosted surfaces with a highly reflective paint layer. This means that the annular frame 111 itself not only serves as a carrier and structural support for the light source 112, but its inner wall also acts as part of the reflective wall of the light mixing cavity 14, participating in the reflection and mixing process of light. The highly reflective paint layer ensures high reflectivity, while the frosted surface promotes diffuse reflection. Furthermore, to improve efficiency, a highly reflective paint layer is also sprayed on the aluminum substrate of the light source 112, with a reflectivity greater than 98%; or a highly reflective film is attached to the surface of the aluminum substrate, with a reflectivity requirement greater than 98%.

[0054] Based on this, the inner wall of the annular frame 111 and the aluminum substrate of the light source 112 are also used as highly reflective diffuse reflection surfaces, maximizing the utilization of all the inner surfaces of the mixing cavity 14, eliminating optical "dead angles", making the light field distribution in the mixing cavity 14 more uniform, and further improving the mixing effect and light energy utilization.

[0055] In one embodiment, the axial thickness of the mixing cavity 14 is between 8.5 mm and 13.4 mm. This thickness range represents an optimized balance between ensuring sufficient optical path length for effective light mixing and pursuing an overall ultra-thin system. A thinner mixing cavity 14 helps reduce the overall system thickness, while the design of a highly reflective inner surface enables multiple reflections and thorough mixing of light even within a limited space.

[0056] The beam splitter array 2 of this utility model is described in detail below.

[0057] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 In one embodiment, the inner surface of the beam splitter 21 of the beam splitter array 2 is a black frosted surface with high absorption rate.

[0058] In this embodiment, the beam-splitting array 2 is composed of beam-splitting grids 21 of the same shape. The number of beam-splitting grids 21 is the same as the number of light-transmitting apertures. The inner surface of each beam-splitting grid 21 is a black frosted surface with high absorptivity. The black frosted surface can give it extremely low reflectivity, while the frosted structure can effectively scatter and absorb incident stray light.

[0059] In some embodiments, each beam splitter 21 forms an independent conical, rectangular, or other shaped optical isolation channel. The high absorption properties of the black inner wall of each beam splitter 21 ensure that stray light incident on the sidewalls is fully absorbed when light emitted from the corresponding aperture propagates within the channel, without being reflected or leaked into adjacent channels. Preferably, the beam splitter 21 is a conical grid, composed of a quadrilateral cone that is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom. The center of the upper cone corresponds to the aperture. The conical grid divides the light from each aperture into individual spaces. Corresponding to this conical grid space, the light from the aperture can be considered a point light source with a very small luminous surface. Each point light source, after passing through the corresponding beam splitter 21, can be located at the focal point of the corresponding Fresnel lens 31.

[0060] Based on this, the inner wall of the beam splitter 21 in this embodiment is made of black high-absorption frosted surface, which greatly suppresses optical crosstalk between channels and stray light inside the system, ensuring that the light received by each Fresnel lens 31 mainly comes from its corresponding unique aperture, thereby ensuring the purity and collimation accuracy of the final emitted parallel beam.

[0061] In one embodiment, the axial thickness of the beam splitter array 2 is 10 mm to 20 mm. This length range is an optimized choice between optical isolation effect and system compactness. It ensures that stray light has a sufficient chance to be absorbed by the black light-absorbing inner wall; at the same time, this length is often designed to be equal to the focal length of the subsequent Fresnel lens 31, so that the light from the aperture is exactly located on the focal plane of the Fresnel lens 31.

[0062] Based on this, the axial thickness of the beam splitter array 210-20mm provides effective spatial isolation to eliminate crosstalk, and by matching the focal length of the Fresnel lens 31, it satisfies the optical condition of placing the light-transmitting aperture at the focal point of the Fresnel lens 31, simplifies system assembly and adjustment, and ensures high parallelism of the outgoing light.

[0063] The Fresnel lens array 3 of this utility model is described in detail below.

[0064] like Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In one embodiment, the Fresnel lens 31 of the Fresnel lens array 3 is made of optical materials such as PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PC (polycarbonate), glass, or PET (polyethylene terephthalate).

[0065] In this embodiment, PMMA and PC are commonly used transparent plastics, which are lightweight, easy to process, and low in cost; glass has excellent optical stability and weather resistance; PET film can be used to manufacture ultra-thin flexible Fresnel lenses 31. The specific material selection can be determined according to the system's light transmittance requirements, temperature and weather resistance, cost budget, and the need for thinness. Technical effect summary: Providing a variety of mature lens material options makes the system design highly flexible and adaptable, capable of meeting the diverse performance, cost, and appearance requirements of different application scenarios from consumer electronics to industrial lighting, which is conducive to the promotion and application of this technology.

[0066] In this embodiment, the Fresnel lens 31 is composed of concentric ring structures. The focal length of the Fresnel lens 31 is C. Light rays located at the focal point are refracted by the Fresnel lens 31 and emitted parallel to the optical axis of the Fresnel lens 31, thus forming parallel light. The height of the black beam-splitting array is H. When C=H, the light-transmitting aperture on the mixing cavity 14 is located exactly at the focal point of the Fresnel lens 31. Therefore, light rays reflected from inside the mixing cavity 14 pass through the light-transmitting aperture and are refracted by the Fresnel lens 31 to form parallel light rays.

[0067] In some embodiments, the entire mixing cavity 14 can be constructed in a circular or hexagonal shape, and the individual beam splitter 21 can also be made in a circular or hexagonal shape.

[0068] In summary, this invention employs a mixing cavity 14 to mix the light from multiple monochromatic or multicolor light sources 112 into a single color, solving the problem of uneven color mixing in traditional small-angle light distribution for multicolor light sources 112. Simultaneously, it uses a pinhole light emission method to convert the large-area light source 112 into a small-area light source 112. After light control via Fresnel lenses, parallel light with better parallelism can be formed. Furthermore, the entire optical system is very thin and light-sensitive, avoiding the drawbacks of traditional small-angle light distribution methods that require large lamp bodies. Therefore, it achieves an ultra-thin structure, high parallelism light emission, and uniform mixing of multicolor light.

[0069] The ultra-thin parallel light system of this invention is lightweight and thin, with the height of the entire optical system ranging from 18.5mm to 35mm.

[0070] This utility model embodiment also provides a lamp, including the ultra-thin parallel light system as described above.

[0071] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An ultrathin parallel light system, characterized in that, This includes sequentially arranging a mixing source component, a beam splitter array, and a Fresnel lens array along the optical path; The light mixing component has a light mixing cavity inside and at least one color light source distributed in the light mixing cavity; the inner surface of the light mixing cavity is a highly reflective surface with diffuse reflection characteristics; and a light-transmitting aperture array is provided on one side of the light mixing cavity. The beam-splitting grids of the beam-splitting array and the light-transmitting apertures of the light-transmitting aperture array are coaxially and correspond one-to-one. The Fresnel lenses of the Fresnel lens array are coaxially and correspond one-to-one with the beamsplitters of the beam splitter array.

2. The ultrathin parallel light system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixing light source component includes: A light source module includes an annular frame and a light source disposed on at least one inner side of the annular frame; A first reflective part is disposed on one side of the annular frame; The second reflective part is disposed on the other side of the annular frame; The annular frame, the first reflective part, and the second reflective part together form the light mixing cavity, and the array of light-transmitting small holes is formed on the second reflective part.

3. The ultrathin parallel light system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the first reflective part and the second reflective part are thin plates with a highly reflective paint layer on their inner surfaces.

4. The ultrathin parallel light system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner surfaces of both the first reflective part and the second reflective part are frosted.

5. The ultrathin parallel light system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the first reflective part and the second reflective part are high reflective paper.

6. The ultrathin parallel light system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner sides of the annular frame, except for the inner side where the light source is located, are all frosted surfaces with a highly reflective paint layer.

7. The ultrathin parallel light system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner surface of the beam-splitting array is a black frosted surface with high absorption rate.

8. The ultrathin parallel light system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axial thickness of the light mixing cavity is 8.5 mm to 13.4 mm.

9. The ultrathin parallel light system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axial thickness of the beam splitter array is 10 mm to 20 mm.

10. A lamp, characterized in that, Including the ultrathin parallel light system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 above.

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