A cooler and biomass hot gas cooling system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of biomass hot gas, in particular to a cooler and a biomass hot gas cooling system. The cooler comprises a protective shell and a cooling pipe group. The protective shell comprises a containing cavity and a limiting plate, the limiting plate comprises limiting holes, and the limiting plate is arranged in the containing cavity. The cooling pipe group is arranged in the limiting holes, and the cooling pipe group comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe. The outer pipe is arranged on the side of the inner pipe, the inner pipe is used for flowing the fluid to be cooled, and the gap between the outer pipe and the inner pipe is used for flowing the cooling medium. Since the fluid to be cooled flows through the inner pipe, the fluid to be cooled is subjected to smaller resistance when flowing, so that the flow rate of the fluid to be cooled is improved, the heat exchange effect of the convection heat exchange between the fluid to be cooled and the cooling medium is improved, and the equipment volume and the equipment investment cost of the cooler are reduced. In this way, the material requirement of the protective shell is reduced, the equipment investment cost of the cooler is reduced, the cooler is convenient to clean, and the maintenance cost of the cooler is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of biomass thermal gas technology, and in particular to a cooler and a biomass thermal gas cooling system. Background Technology

[0002] The hot gas produced by biomass gasification furnaces typically reaches temperatures above 800℃. Directly cooling this hot gas with water would result in a waste of the heat it carries. To recover this sensible heat, technicians generally use membrane water-cooled walls for heat recovery, allowing the production of saturated steam from the hot gas. However, dust and tar in the hot gas directly wash over the water-cooled wall surface during cooling, easily causing wear, fouling, and dust accumulation on the membrane water-cooled wall's heat exchange surface. To avoid these problems, it is necessary to reduce the flow velocity of the hot gas through the membrane water-cooled wall and increase the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling equipment containing the membrane water-cooled wall. This reduces the convective heat transfer coefficient between the hot gas and the membrane water-cooled wall and also increases the size of the cooling equipment, thereby increasing the investment cost of the cooling equipment for reducing the hot gas temperature. If a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is used to reduce the hot gas temperature, the shell material of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger must meet the requirements for temperature and pressure resistance. This also increases the investment cost of the cooling equipment for reducing the hot gas temperature. In addition, to improve the shell-side heat transfer efficiency of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, multiple baffles are required inside the heat exchanger. This results in a complex internal structure that is difficult to clean, thereby increasing the maintenance costs of the cooling equipment used to lower the temperature of the hot gas. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a cooler and a biomass thermal gas cooling system.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a cooler, comprising: A protective shell, the protective shell including a receiving cavity and a limiting plate, the limiting plate including a limiting hole, and the limiting plate being disposed within the receiving cavity; A cooling pipe assembly is provided, which is inserted into the limiting hole. The cooling pipe assembly includes an inner pipe and an outer pipe. The outer pipe is sleeved around the inner pipe. The inner pipe is used to flow the fluid to be cooled, and the gap between the outer pipe and the inner pipe is used to flow the cooling medium.

[0005] Optionally, the protective shell includes a first cavity, a first end plate, and a first opening. The first cavity is disposed adjacent to the receiving cavity. The first end plate separates the receiving cavity from the first cavity. The first opening communicates with the first cavity. The gap between the inner tube and the outer tube communicates with the first cavity.

[0006] Optionally, the protective shell includes a second cavity, a second end plate, and a second opening. The second cavity is disposed adjacent to the first cavity, the second end plate separates the first cavity from the second cavity, the second opening communicates with the second cavity, and the inner tube communicates with the second cavity.

[0007] Optionally, the cooler has a first direction, wherein the axial direction of the inner tube and the axial direction of the outer tube are both in the same direction as the first direction; The receiving cavity, the first cavity, and the second cavity are arranged along the first direction, with the second cavity located on the side of the first cavity facing away from the receiving cavity; the length of the inner tube along the first direction is greater than the length of the outer tube along the first direction, the end of the outer tube extends to the first cavity, and the end of the inner tube extends to the second cavity.

[0008] Optionally, the end of the outer tube is flush with the surface of the first end plate located in the first cavity, and / or the end of the inner tube is flush with the surface of the second end plate located in the second cavity.

[0009] Optionally, the first direction is the direction of gravity; The receiving cavity is provided with a first cavity and a second cavity on both sides along the first direction. Each first cavity is connected to a first opening, and each second cavity is connected to a second opening. The first opening at the higher position is used for the cooling medium to flow out, and the first opening at the lower position is used for the cooling medium to flow in. The second opening at the higher position is used for the fluid to be cooled to flow in, and the second opening at the lower position is used for the fluid to be cooled to flow out.

[0010] Optionally, the limiting holes are arranged in an alternating or arrayed manner on the limiting plate.

[0011] Optionally, the cooler includes a refractory lining disposed on the cavity wall of the second cavity, and / or the refractory lining is disposed on the surface of the second end plate located within the second cavity.

[0012] Optionally, the protective shell includes a drain outlet, which communicates with the second cavity.

[0013] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a biomass thermal gas cooling system, which includes any of the coolers described in the first aspect.

[0014] In some implementations of this application, the cooler includes a protective shell and a cooling tube assembly. The protective shell includes a receiving cavity and a limiting plate, with the limiting plate disposed within the receiving cavity. The cooling tube assembly passes through a limiting hole in the limiting plate and includes an inner tube and an outer tube nested within each other. The inner tube is used for the flow of the fluid to be cooled, and the gap between the outer tube and the inner tube is used for the flow of the cooling medium. Because the fluid to be cooled flows through the inner tube, the resistance encountered by the fluid during flow is small, which is beneficial to increasing the flow velocity of the fluid to be cooled, thereby improving the convective heat transfer effect between the fluid to be cooled and the cooling medium. Under the same heat transfer effect, compared with existing cooling equipment, this eliminates the need to increase the heat transfer area of ​​the cooler, thus also helping to reduce the equipment size and investment cost of the cooler. Compared with existing shell-and-tube heat exchangers, since the fluid to be cooled and the cooling medium flow in the inner and outer tubes respectively, the protective shell only serves to protect and constrain the inner and outer tubes, and does not need to withstand the high pressure and high temperature of the hot gas. This reduces the material requirements of the protective shell, which is beneficial to reducing the equipment investment cost of the cooler. Meanwhile, the simple structure of the inner and outer tubes makes them easy to clean, which helps reduce the maintenance costs of the cooler. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 These are schematic diagrams of the cooler structure in some embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting plate and the cooling pipe assembly in some embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting plate and the cooling pipe assembly in some embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting plate in some embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting plate in some embodiments of this application; Reference numerals: 1. Protective shell; 11. Receiving cavity; 12. Limiting plate; 121. Limiting hole; 13. First cavity; 14. First end plate; 15. First opening; 16. Second cavity; 17. Second end plate; 18. Second opening; 19. Drain outlet; 2. Cooling pipe assembly; 21. Inner pipe; 22. Outer pipe; 3. Refractory lining; Z - First direction. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The embodiments of this utility model will now be described in detail. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] A biomass gasification furnace is a device that converts biomass waste such as wood chips, straw, and rice husks into thermal fuels such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane through a series of chemical reactions at high temperatures. It has extremely important applications in realizing waste resource utilization, developing renewable energy, and reducing carbon emissions.

[0018] The hot gas produced by biomass gasification furnaces typically reaches temperatures above 800℃, making direct recovery impossible. Therefore, biomass gasification furnaces usually require cooling equipment to lower the temperature of the hot gas. Direct water cooling would waste the heat carried by the gas. To recover this sensible heat, technicians generally use membrane water-cooled walls for heat recovery, allowing the sensible heat of the hot gas to be used to produce saturated steam.

[0019] However, biomass waste inevitably produces substances such as tar during gasification. Dust and other impurities entering the gasifier along with the waste also flow out with the hot gas. During cooling, the dust and tar in the hot gas directly wash over the water-cooled wall surface, easily causing wear, fouling, and dust accumulation on the membrane water-cooled wall's heat exchange surface. Reducing the flow velocity of the hot gas through the membrane water-cooled wall and increasing the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling equipment containing the membrane water-cooled wall can solve these problems. However, this will reduce the convective heat transfer coefficient between the hot gas and the membrane water-cooled wall, and will also increase the size of the cooling equipment, thus increasing the investment cost of the cooling equipment for lowering the hot gas temperature.

[0020] Shell-and-tube heat exchangers can also be used to cool hot combustion gases. However, using shell-and-tube heat exchangers to lower the temperature of hot combustion gases requires that the shell material meet temperature and pressure resistance requirements, which increases the investment cost of the cooling equipment. Furthermore, to improve the shell-side heat transfer efficiency, multiple baffles are needed inside the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. This results in a complex internal structure that is difficult to clean, further increasing the maintenance costs of the cooling equipment.

[0021] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a cooler and a biomass thermal gas cooling system.

[0022] Firstly, embodiments of this application provide a cooler. (See reference...) Figure 1 The cooler specifically includes a protective shell 1 and a cooling pipe assembly 2.

[0023] The protective shell 1 is the shell structure used to accommodate and install the cooling pipe assembly 2. In some embodiments of this application, the protective shell 1 may specifically be a cylindrical structure, and its cross-sectional shape in the axial direction may be rectangular or circular, etc. The protective shell 1 has a receiving cavity 11, and a limiting plate 12 is provided in the receiving cavity 11, as shown in the reference. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The cooling pipe assembly 2 is inserted into the limiting plate 12. Preferably, a gap is left between the cooling pipe assembly 2 and the protective shell 1 to form an air gap and prevent heat loss. The shape of the limiting plate 12 can be determined according to actual needs. (Reference) Figure 4 and Figure 5 When the protective shell 1 is a cylindrical shell, the limiting plate 12 is preferably a circular plate so that the limiting plate 12 can be connected to the protective shell 1. When the protective shell 1 is a quadrangular prism shell, the limiting plate 12 is preferably a rectangular or other quadrilateral shape so that the limiting plate 12 can be connected to the protective shell 1. (Reference) Figure 4 The limiting plate 12 can be a grating plate welded from flat steel. (Reference) Figure 5 The limiting plate 12 can also be a structure formed by openings in the plate body. The limiting plate 12 is preferably movably connected to the protective shell 1 so that it can adapt to the thermal expansion of the cooling pipe assembly 2. For example, the limiting plate 12 can be connected to the protective shell 1 by a flexible material such as rubber, or it can be movably installed in a groove-like structure inside the protective shell 1.

[0024] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The cooling pipe assembly 2 is the component used to connect the cooling medium and the fluid to be cooled. In some embodiments of this application, the fluid to be cooled is hot gas, and the cooling medium can be steam, thermal oil, or saturated boiler water. The cooling pipe assembly 2 passes through the limiting hole 121, the diameter of which is preferably larger than the maximum outer diameter of the cooling pipe assembly 2 to accommodate its thermal expansion. In some embodiments of this application, the limiting plate 12 may have multiple limiting holes 121, and correspondingly, multiple cooling pipe assemblies 2 are also provided, with each cooling pipe assembly 2 passing through one limiting hole 121. Under the limiting of the limiting plate 12, the cooling pipe assembly 2 will not undergo significant displacement, thus preventing contact between the cooling pipe assemblies 2 and the cooling pipe assembly 2.

[0025] The cooling pipe assembly 2 includes an inner pipe 21 and an outer pipe 22. The outer pipe 22 is fitted around the inner pipe 21, with a gap between them. The inner pipe 21 is used for the flow of the fluid to be cooled, and the gap between the outer pipe 22 and the inner pipe 21 is used for the flow of the cooling medium, so that convective heat exchange can be achieved between the cooling medium and the fluid to be cooled during flow. In some embodiments of this application, the inner pipe 21 and the outer pipe 22 are preferably circular pipes. The inner pipe 21 and the outer pipe 22 are preferably coaxially arranged so that the gap between them remains consistent. Since the fluid to be cooled flows through the inner pipe 21, the resistance encountered by the fluid during flow is small. This helps to increase the flow velocity of the fluid to be cooled, thereby improving the convective heat exchange effect between the fluid to be cooled and the cooling medium. Under the same heat exchange effect, compared with existing cooling equipment, this eliminates the need to increase the heat exchange area of ​​the cooler, thus also helping to reduce the equipment size and investment cost of the cooler. Compared to existing shell-and-tube heat exchangers, since the fluid to be cooled and the cooling medium flow separately in the inner tube 21 and outer tube 22, the protective shell 1 only serves to protect and constrain the inner tube 21 and outer tube 22, and does not need to withstand the high pressure and high temperature of the hot combustion gas. This reduces the material requirements for the protective shell 1, which helps to reduce the equipment investment cost of the cooler. At the same time, there is no need to install baffles or other structures inside the protective shell 1, which simplifies the structure of the cooler and thus also helps to reduce the investment cost of the cooler. The simple structure of the inner tube 21 and outer tube 22 makes them easy to clean, which helps to reduce the maintenance cost of the cooler.

[0026] refer to Figure 1 In some embodiments of this application, optionally, the protective shell 1 includes a first cavity 13, a first end plate 14, and a first opening 15. The first cavity 13 is disposed adjacent to the receiving cavity 11, the first end plate 14 separates the receiving cavity 11 from the first cavity 13, the first opening 15 communicates with the first cavity 13, and the gap between the inner tube 21 and the outer tube 22 communicates with the first cavity 13. Thus, the cooling medium can enter the first cavity 13 from the first opening 15 and then flow evenly into the gaps between the inner tubes 21 and the outer tubes 22. Alternatively, the cooling medium can flow out from the gaps between the inner tubes 21 and the outer tubes 22 into the first cavity 13, and then flow out from the first opening 15 after being collected. Therefore, the arrangement of the first cavity 13, the first end plate 14, and the first opening 15 facilitates the inflow and outflow of the cooling medium. When the cooler is in use, it is only necessary to connect the main flow pipe of the cooling medium to the first opening 15 to realize the inflow and outflow of the cooling medium. Compared to the implementation where the gap between each inner tube 21 and outer tube 22 is connected to a cooling medium flow pipe, this method is easier to use and helps reduce the operating cost of the cooler.

[0027] refer to Figure 1Optionally, the protective shell 1 includes a second cavity 16, a second end plate 17, and a second opening 18. The second cavity 16 is adjacent to the first cavity 13, the second end plate 17 separates the first cavity 13 from the second cavity 16, the second opening 18 communicates with the second cavity 16, and the inner tube 21 communicates with the second cavity 16. Thus, the fluid to be cooled can enter the second cavity 16 through the second opening 18 and then flow evenly into each of the inner tubes 21. Alternatively, the fluid to be cooled can flow out from each of the inner tubes 21 into the second cavity 16, and then flow out through the second opening 18 after being collected. Therefore, the arrangement of the second cavity 16, the second end plate 17, and the second opening 18 facilitates the inflow and outflow of the fluid to be cooled. When the cooler is in use, only the main flow pipe of the fluid to be cooled needs to be connected to the second opening 18 to achieve the inflow and outflow of the fluid. Compared to the implementation where each inner tube 21 is connected to a separate flow pipe for the fluid to be cooled, this is easier to use and helps reduce the operating cost of the cooler.

[0028] refer to Figure 1 Optionally, the cooler has a first direction Z. In this case, the axial direction of the inner tube 21 and the axial direction of the outer tube 22 are both in the same direction as the first direction Z. In other words, the axial direction of the inner tube 21 and the axial direction of the outer tube 22 are the first direction Z.

[0029] The receiving cavity 11, the first cavity 13, and the second cavity 16 are arranged along the first direction Z. The second cavity 16 is located on the side of the first cavity 13 facing away from the receiving cavity 11. For ease of connection, the inner tube 21 is longer along the first direction Z than the outer tube 22. The end of the outer tube 22 extends to the first cavity 13, allowing cooling medium in the gap between the outer tube 22 and the inner tube 21 to flow into the first cavity 13, or vice versa. The end of the inner tube 21 extends to the second cavity 16, allowing fluid to be cooled in the inner tube 21 to flow into the second cavity 16, or vice versa. The arrangement of the receiving cavity 11, the first cavity 13, and the second cavity 16 along the first direction Z helps ensure the straightness of the inner tube 21 and the outer tube 22. This reduces the flow resistance of the cooling medium and the fluid to be cooled, which helps to increase their flow velocities and thus improves the convective heat transfer effect between them. Under the same heat transfer effect, compared to existing cooling equipment, this method eliminates the need to increase the heat exchange area of ​​the cooler, thereby reducing the equipment size and investment cost.

[0030] refer to Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments of this application, optionally, the end of the outer tube 22 is flush with the surface of the first end plate 14 located within the first cavity 13. This facilitates the flow of the cooling medium into the gap between the outer tube 22 and the inner tube 21, reducing the resistance encountered by the cooling medium when flowing into the gap between the outer tube 22 and the inner tube 21. Therefore, this reduces the flow resistance of the cooling medium, which is beneficial to increasing the flow rate of the cooling medium, thereby improving the convective heat transfer effect between the fluid to be cooled and the cooling medium.

[0031] Similarly, the end of the inner tube 21 is flush with the surface of the second end plate 17 located within the second cavity 16. This facilitates the flow of the fluid to be cooled into the inner tube 21 and reduces the resistance encountered by the fluid as it flows in. Consequently, this reduces the flow resistance of the fluid, which helps to increase the flow velocity of the fluid and thus improves the convective heat transfer effect between the fluid and the cooling medium.

[0032] refer to Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, optionally, the first direction Z is the direction of gravity. In other words, the axes of the outer shell, inner tube 21, and outer tube 22 are all in the same direction as gravity. A first cavity 13 and a second cavity 16 are respectively provided on both sides of the receiving cavity 11 along the first direction Z. Correspondingly, two first end plates 14 and two second end plates 17 are also provided. Each first cavity 13 is separated from the receiving cavity 11 by a first end plate 14, and each first cavity 13 is separated from the second cavity 16 by a second end plate 17. Each first cavity 13 is connected to a first opening 15. Since the first direction Z is the direction of gravity, one first opening 15 is located at a higher position, and the other is located at a lower position. The first opening 15 located at the higher position is used for the cooling medium to flow out, and the first opening 15 located at the lower position is used for the cooling medium to flow in. Each second cavity 16 is connected to a second opening 18. Since the first direction Z is the direction of gravity, one second opening 18 is located at a higher position, and the other is located at a lower position. The second opening 18, located at a higher position, allows the fluid to flow in, while the second opening 18, located at a lower position, allows it to flow out. Because the fluid flows from top to bottom, impurities such as dust and tar can settle under gravity during its flow, facilitating the initial separation of the fluid from these impurities. Since the cooling medium flows in the opposite direction to the fluid, this counter-current convective heat transfer improves the heat transfer coefficient between the cooling medium and the fluid, thereby enhancing the heat transfer effect and efficiency. For the same heat transfer effect, compared to existing cooling equipment, this eliminates the need to increase the heat exchange area of ​​the cooler, thus reducing the equipment size and investment cost.

[0033] In use, the fluid to be cooled flows into the second chamber 16 from the higher second opening 18, and then flows into each inner tube 21 from the second chamber 16. The cooling medium flows into the first chamber 13 from the higher first opening 15, and then flows into the gap between each inner tube 21 and the outer tube 22 from the first chamber 13. The cooling medium and the fluid to be cooled undergo convective heat exchange in the inner tubes 21 and the outer tubes 22. After heat exchange, the fluid to be cooled flows from the inner tubes 21 into the lower second chamber 16, and then flows out from the second opening 18. After heat exchange, the cooling medium flows from the gap between the inner tubes 21 and the outer tubes 22 into the lower first chamber 13, and then flows out from the first opening 15.

[0034] In some embodiments of this application, the protective shell 1 preferably adopts a split design, that is, the portion of the protective shell 1 corresponding to the receiving cavity 11, the portion of the protective shell 1 corresponding to the first cavity 13, and the portion of the protective shell 1 corresponding to the second cavity 16 can be provided with flange structures and fixedly connected by bolts. To ensure sealing, sealing gaskets or other sealing structures can be provided at the connection points to prevent leakage at the connection points of the protective shell 1. This facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the internal structure of the cooler, thus benefiting the replacement, maintenance, and cleaning of the internal structure of the cooler, such as the cooling pipe assembly 2. In some embodiments of this application, the protective shell 1 can also be a welded shell composed of different components to ensure that the protective shell 1 has good sealing performance and structural strength.

[0035] In some embodiments of this application, optionally, the limiting holes 121 are arranged in a staggered manner on the limiting plate 12. In other words, referring to... Figure 2 As shown, the limiting holes 121 can be arranged in multiple rows on the limiting plate 12, and any limiting hole 121 in any row is aligned with the interval between two limiting holes 121 in the adjacent row. Alternatively, the limiting holes 121 can also be arranged in an array on the limiting plate 12. In other words, refer to... Figure 3 As shown, the limiting holes 121 can be arranged in multiple rows and columns on the limiting plate 12, with the number of limiting holes 121 in each row or column remaining the same. When the limiting plate 12 is circular or near-circular, the staggered arrangement of the limiting holes 121 can adapt to the curved edges of the limiting plate 12, allowing as many limiting holes 121 as possible to be provided on the limiting plate 12. Similarly, when the limiting plate 12 is rectangular or similar in shape, the staggered arrangement of the limiting holes 121 can adapt to the straight edges of the limiting plate 12, allowing as many limiting holes 121 as possible to be provided on the limiting plate 12. Furthermore, the array-distributed limiting holes 121 are easier to manufacture, reducing the manufacturing cost of the limiting plate 12 and consequently lowering the investment cost of the cooler.

[0036] In some embodiments of this application, the spacing between two adjacent outer tubes 22 is preferably maintained within the range of 1.25 to 1.5 times the diameter of the outer tube 22. When the spacing between two adjacent outer tubes 22 is greater than this range, the volume of the cooler will be too large, which is not conducive to reducing the investment cost of the cooler. When the spacing between two adjacent outer tubes 22 is less than this range, it will make it difficult to process the upper limit hole 121 of the limiting member, which is not conducive to reducing the processing cost of the limiting plate 12. Along the first direction Z, one, two, three, four or even more limiting plates 12 can be provided. The two adjacent limiting plates 12 are arranged at intervals, and the interval can be set according to actual needs. For example, the spacing between two adjacent limiting plates 12 can be 1 meter to 1.5 meters.

[0037] refer to Figure 1 In some embodiments of this application, optionally, the cooler includes a refractory lining 3. The refractory lining 3 can be located on the cavity wall of the second cavity 16, or on the surface of the second end plate 17 exposed within the second cavity 16, or simultaneously on both the cavity wall of the second cavity 16 and the surface of the second end plate 17 exposed within the second cavity 16. This improves the high-temperature resistance of the second cavity 16 and the second end plate 17, reducing the material requirements and costs of the protective shell 1 and the second end plate 17, thereby lowering the investment cost of the cooler. In some embodiments of this application, the refractory lining 3 is preferably an unshaped refractory material, whose composition may include high-temperature resistant substances such as corundum and silicon carbide. The refractory lining 3 is coated on the cavity wall of the second cavity 16 and the surface of the second end plate 17 exposed within the second cavity 16 to improve the high-temperature resistance of the second cavity 16 and the second end plate 17.

[0038] refer to Figure 1 In some embodiments of this application, the protective shell 1 optionally includes a drain port 19. The drain port 19 communicates with the second cavity 16 so that impurities such as tar and dust deposited in the second cavity 16 can be discharged from the drain port 19. Specifically, in some embodiments of this application, the drain port 19 is a cylindrical shell extending from the protective shell 1, on which a drain valve can be provided to control the opening and closing of the drain port 19. When the first direction Z is the direction of gravity, the drain port 19 is preferably located at the lowest point of the part of the protective shell 1 corresponding to the second cavity 16, and the part of the protective shell 1 surrounding the drain port 19 has a structure such as a conical wall, a spherical wall, or an inclined straight wall, so that impurities such as dust and tar can be naturally deposited near the drain port 19 under the action of gravity, thereby facilitating the discharge of impurities.

[0039] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a biomass hot gas cooling system, which includes any of the coolers described in the first aspect. Specifically, the biomass hot gas cooling system includes a biomass gasifier and a cooler. The hot gas generated by the biomass gasifier can enter the cooler and undergo convective heat exchange with a cooling medium within the cooler to reduce the temperature of the hot gas.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0041] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly include one or at least two of the features. In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "at least two" means two or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0042] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "left", "right", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0043] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0044] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or at least two embodiments or examples.

[0045] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cooler, characterized in that, include: The protective shell (1) includes a receiving cavity (11) and a limiting plate (12). The limiting plate (12) includes a limiting hole (121) and is disposed in the receiving cavity (11). Cooling pipe assembly (2), the cooling pipe assembly (2) is inserted into the limiting hole (121), the cooling pipe assembly (2) includes an inner pipe (21) and an outer pipe (22), the outer pipe (22) is sleeved around the inner pipe (21), the inner pipe (21) is used to flow the fluid to be cooled, and the gap between the outer pipe (22) and the inner pipe (21) is used to flow the cooling medium.

2. The cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective shell (1) includes a first cavity (13), a first end plate (14) and a first opening (15). The first cavity (13) is arranged adjacent to the receiving cavity (11). The first end plate (14) separates the receiving cavity (11) from the first cavity (13). The first opening (15) communicates with the first cavity (13). The gap between the inner tube (21) and the outer tube (22) communicates with the first cavity (13).

3. The cooler according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protective shell (1) includes a second cavity (16), a second end plate (17) and a second opening (18). The second cavity (16) is arranged adjacent to the first cavity (13). The second end plate (17) separates the first cavity (13) and the second cavity (16). The second opening (18) is connected to the second cavity (16). The inner tube (21) is connected to the second cavity (16).

4. The cooler according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cooler has a first direction (Z), and the axial direction of the inner tube (21) and the axial direction of the outer tube (22) are both in the same direction as the first direction (Z); The receiving cavity (11), the first cavity (13), and the second cavity (16) are arranged along the first direction (Z), and the second cavity (16) is located on the side of the first cavity (13) facing away from the receiving cavity (11); the inner tube (21) along the first direction (Z) has a tube length greater than the outer tube (22) along the first direction (Z), the tube end of the outer tube (22) extends to the first cavity (13), and the tube end of the inner tube (21) extends to the second cavity (16).

5. The cooler according to claim 3, characterized in that, The end of the outer tube (22) is flush with the surface of the first end plate (14) located in the first cavity (13), and / or the end of the inner tube (21) is flush with the surface of the second end plate (17) located in the second cavity (16).

6. The cooler according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first direction (Z) is the direction of gravity; The receiving cavity (11) is provided with a first cavity (13) and a second cavity (16) on both sides along the first direction (Z). Each first cavity (13) is connected to a first opening (15), and each second cavity (16) is connected to a second opening (18). The first opening (15) located at the higher position is used for the cooling medium to flow out, and the first opening (15) located at the lower position is used for the cooling medium to flow in. The second opening (18) located at the higher position is used for the fluid to be cooled to flow in, and the second opening (18) located at the lower position is used for the fluid to be cooled to flow out.

7. The cooler according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The limiting holes (121) are arranged in an alternating or arrayed manner on the limiting plate (12).

8. The cooler according to any one of claims 3-6, characterized in that, The cooler includes a refractory lining (3) disposed on the cavity wall of the second cavity (16), and / or the refractory lining (3) disposed on the surface of the second end plate (17) located inside the second cavity (16).

9. The cooler according to any one of claims 3-6, characterized in that, The protective shell (1) includes a drain port (19), which is connected to the second cavity (16).

10. A biomass thermal combustion cooling system, characterized in that, The biomass thermal gas cooling system includes the cooler as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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