A device for high-precision measurement of a horizontal reference line

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of horizontal reference line measurement, and more particularly to a device for high-precision measurement of a horizontal reference line, comprising a shell, a horizontal rotation unit, an automatic collimation optical unit, an acceleration measurement unit, a mirror and a central processing unit which are integrally arranged in the shell, wherein the automatic collimation optical unit and the acceleration measurement unit are connected with the central processing unit; the automatic collimation optical unit and the horizontal rotation unit are fixed side by side on the bottom surface of the shell; the acceleration measurement unit and the mirror are fixed on the horizontal rotation unit and can rotate synchronously with the horizontal rotation unit by a first azimuth angle and a second azimuth angle; the mirror is provided with mutually parallel and symmetrically distributed optical reflection planes, and the optical reflection planes are coplanar with the rotation axis of the horizontal rotation unit. The application can realize efficient and accurate measurement of a horizontal reference line in a field environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of horizontal alignment measurement technology, and more specifically, relates to a device for high-precision measurement of horizontal alignment. Background Technology

[0002] Current horizontal alignment measurement technology generally relies on a combination of discrete instruments, with a typical configuration including an independent leveling base, a separately mounted electronic inclinometer, and an optical autocollimation system. While this combination can achieve high-precision measurements at the metrological benchmark level, this architecture has the following inherent drawbacks: 1) Redundant space occupation: the cumulative mechanical interfaces and assembly tolerances of multiple devices lead to system size expansion, making it difficult to meet the requirements for lightweight equipment. 2) Unlike metrological benchmark requirements, discrete devices have low resistance to external interference, making them difficult to apply in scenarios such as large-scale structure tilt monitoring, field surveys, and emergency engineering. 3) 180° position switching requires manual rotation and locking of the turntable, resulting in excessively long measurement times and large measurement errors per measurement. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this application is to provide a device for high-precision measurement of horizontal lines, which aims to solve the problem that the existing discrete horizontal line measurement technology has low anti-interference ability and is difficult to meet the needs of field survey and large-scale structure tilt angle monitoring.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a device for high-precision measurement of the horizontal alignment, comprising a housing, and integrated within the housing a horizontal rotation unit, an automatic collimation optical unit, an acceleration measurement unit, a reflector, and a central processing unit, wherein: The automatic collimation optical unit and the acceleration measurement unit are respectively connected to the central processing unit; the automatic collimation optical unit and the horizontal rotation unit are fixed side by side on the bottom surface of the housing; The acceleration measurement unit and the reflector are fixed on the horizontal rotation unit, and the two can rotate synchronously with the horizontal rotation unit at the first azimuth angle and the second azimuth angle; The reflector is configured with mutually parallel and symmetrically distributed optical reflection planes. The optical reflection planes are parallel to the rotation axis of the horizontal rotation unit, and the angle between their normal and the zero-position offset direction of the reference optical axis of the automatic collimation optical unit is less than a set threshold, and the angle between their normal and the input axis of the acceleration measurement unit is less than the set threshold.

[0005] Furthermore, the set threshold is 1′.

[0006] Furthermore, the surface shape error of the optical reflection plane is less than the nominal measurement accuracy value of the device.

[0007] Furthermore, the parallelism error of the pair of optical reflective planes is less than the nominal measurement accuracy value of the device.

[0008] Furthermore, the nominal measurement accuracy of the device is 0.2″.

[0009] Furthermore, the angle between the first azimuth angle and the second azimuth angle is 180°.

[0010] Furthermore, the acceleration measurement unit comprises multiple units and is arranged around the reflector on the horizontally rotating unit.

[0011] Furthermore, the device also includes an optical prism, which is disposed beside the horizontal rotation unit and opposite to the automatic collimation optical unit.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a support frame, which is vertically fixed to the bottom surface inside the housing, and the automatic collimating optical unit is disposed on the upper part of the support frame.

[0013] Overall, the technical solutions conceived in this application have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: (1) This application rigidly integrates the horizontal rotation unit, acceleration measurement unit, reflector and other measurement units into a single housing, and constrains the angle between the normal of the reflection plane and the input axis of the acceleration measurement unit and the reference optical axis of the automatic collimation optical unit to be less than a set threshold, thereby reducing the dependence of measurement accuracy on the stability of the instrument scale factor, realizing the spatial reference unification of gravity field measurement data and optical collimation signal, eliminating the measurement reference drift caused by assembly tolerance of traditional split equipment, and further reducing the overall system error.

[0014] (2) This application uses a horizontal rotation unit to synchronously drive the acceleration measurement unit and the reflector to perform precise switching between two positions. Combined with the stable environment constructed by the closed shell, the consistency of mechanical vibration transmission during the 180° symmetrical measurement process is improved, the asymmetric error caused by vibration interference in field operations is solved, the anti-interference ability of the device is improved, and the accuracy of actual measurement repeatability is further improved. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the high-precision horizontal alignment measuring device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0016] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same elements or structures, wherein: 1-Housing, 2-Horizontal rotation unit, 3-Automatic collimation optical unit, 4-Acceleration measurement unit, 5-Reflector, 6-Central processing unit, 7-Rotation axis, 8-Optical prism, 9-Support frame. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0018] In this article, the term "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. The symbol " / " in this article indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship; for example, A / B means A or B.

[0019] The terms "first" and "second," etc., used in the specification and claims herein are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order of objects. For example, "first response message" and "second response message," etc., are used to distinguish different response messages, not to describe a specific order of response messages.

[0020] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more, for example, multiple processing units means two or more processing units, multiple elements means two or more elements, etc.

[0022] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] This embodiment provides a device for high-precision measurement of the horizontal alignment, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a housing 1, and a horizontal rotation unit 2, an automatic collimation optical unit 3, an acceleration measurement unit 4, a reflector 5, and a central processing unit 6 integrated within the housing 1.

[0024] The housing 1 includes a base and a rectangular cover. The rectangular cover and the base are fitted together to form a housing with a mounting cavity. In this embodiment, the size of the base is slightly larger than the mounting opening of the rectangular cover.

[0025] The automatic collimation optical unit 3 and the acceleration measurement unit 4 are respectively connected to the central processing unit 6 via data cables. The automatic collimation optical unit 3 and the horizontal rotation unit 2 are fixed side by side on the bottom surface of the housing 1. The horizontal rotation unit 2 is a frustum, including an outer base and an inner frustum. The inner frustum can be powered by a built-in motor or other power supply mechanism to achieve forward and reverse rotation relative to the outer base.

[0026] Acceleration measurement unit 4 and reflector 5 are fixed on the inner circular platform of horizontal rotation unit 2, and the two can rotate synchronously with horizontal rotation unit 2 at the first azimuth angle and the second azimuth angle. Reflector 5 is equipped with mutually parallel and symmetrically distributed optical reflection planes. The optical reflection planes are coplanar with the rotation axis 7 of horizontal rotation unit 2, and the angle between its normal and the zero offset direction of the reference optical axis of automatic collimation optical unit 3 is less than a set threshold, and the angle between it and the input axis of acceleration measurement unit 4 is less than a set threshold. This can avoid the large input angle from making the output accuracy of acceleration measurement unit 4 highly dependent on its scaling factor, thereby affecting the measurement accuracy.

[0027] Specifically, the aforementioned automatic collimation optical unit 3 is an autocollimator. The outgoing light from the autocollimator enters the reflective surface of the reflector 5 to measure the normal deflection angle at each angle before and after the reflector 5 rotates. The aforementioned acceleration measurement unit 4 is an accelerometer. The accelerometer is electrically connected to the central processing unit 6 via a data cable and is used to measure the gravitational acceleration components at the first and second azimuth angles before and after rotation. After the horizontal rotation unit 2 rotates at the first or second azimuth angle, an optical reflecting plane at any azimuth angle of the aforementioned reflector 5 is directly facing the autocollimator.

[0028] The aforementioned threshold is set to 1′. Specifically, since it is actually difficult to ensure that the angle between the sensitive axis of the acceleration measurement unit 4 and the normal of the optical reflection plane is completely parallel, the measurement device limits the maximum angle to 1′ to ensure the measurement accuracy of the horizontal line when it can be applied to scenarios such as field surveys.

[0029] The single-plane surface shape error of the aforementioned optical reflecting plane is less than the nominal measurement accuracy value of the device; the flatness error of a pair of optical reflecting planes is also less than the nominal measurement accuracy value of the device. Specifically, the nominal measurement accuracy value of the aforementioned device is 0.2″. Since this device is an integrated portable measuring device, this nominal measurement accuracy value is just right for field surveying environments and field operations.

[0030] Furthermore, due to the physical limitations of ultra-precision machining processes, it is difficult to achieve theoretically perfect parallelism between the pair of optical reflecting planes constituting the mirror, resulting in inherent deviations in their actual spatial orientation. To ensure that the horizontal alignment measurement accuracy meets the preset targets, the non-coplanarity error between the two reflecting planes must be strictly constrained within a preset measurement accuracy threshold, so that the systematic impact of this process deviation on the final horizontal alignment calculation result is lower than the aforementioned nominal measurement accuracy value of the device.

[0031] The angle between the first azimuth and the second azimuth is 180°. If the first azimuth is 0°, the second angle is 180°.

[0032] The aforementioned acceleration measurement unit 4 comprises multiple units and is arranged around the reflector 5 on the horizontal rotation unit 2. This allows for measurements not limited to a single direction or one dimension. By measuring the local angular position along the horizontal alignment in different directions before and after the multiple acceleration measurement units rotate, the angular position of the local horizontal alignment in different directions can be obtained. More information about the local horizontal plane can be calculated by using multi-axis accelerometers or by installing multiple accelerometers at multiple positions based on the rotation surface and multiple positive and negative parallel mirrors.

[0033] The aforementioned device also includes an optical prism 8, which is disposed beside the horizontal rotation unit 2 and opposite to the automatic collimating optical unit 3. In the initial zero-position state of the device, the automatic collimating optical unit 3, the reflector 5, and the optical prism 8 form a coaxial collimating optical path. When the rotary drive mechanism performs an angular deflection, the spatial orientation of the reflector deviates from the original coaxial state of the optical path, at which point the emitted beam of the automatic collimator will capture the reflected light from the optical prism 8.

[0034] Since the optical prism 8 is anchored to the foundation via the housing 1, and the foundation is subject to tilt changes caused by gravitational perturbations from celestial bodies, the distribution of the light field reflected by the prism will be directly modulated. Therefore, by measuring the offset of the reflected light signal from the optical prism 8, real-time quantitative monitoring of the foundation tilt tidal effect can be achieved. Furthermore, in this application mode, the automatic collimator only needs to have short-term stability to perform precise monitoring.

[0035] The aforementioned device also includes a support frame 9, which is vertically fixed to the bottom surface of the housing 1, and the automatic collimating optical unit 3 is fixedly installed on the upper part of the support frame 9 by bolt connection or other means.

[0036] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: The reflector 5 is rotated to a first azimuth angle of 0° by the horizontal rotation unit 2; the gravitational acceleration component at 0° is measured using the acceleration measurement unit 4, and the normal deflection angle of the reflector 5 at the first azimuth angle of 0° is measured using the automatic collimation optical unit 3. Then, the reflector 6 is rotated to a first azimuth angle of 180° by the horizontal rotation unit 2; the gravitational acceleration component at 180° is measured using the acceleration measurement unit 4, and the normal deflection angle of the reflector 5 at a second azimuth angle of 180° is measured using the automatic collimation optical unit 3. The aforementioned central processing unit uses an existing CPU or other central processing unit. The central processing unit receives the measured gravitational acceleration component and normal deflection angle via data lines. Internally, the central processing unit determines the position of the local horizontal alignment based on the gravitational acceleration component and normal deflection angle. This can be done using any existing calculation method, which is prior art and will not be elaborated upon here. After determining the position of the horizontal alignment, the autocollimator can be further calibrated. The calibrated autocollimator is then used to capture the reflected light from the optical prism 8 to obtain the horizontal alignment information obtained by the optical prism 8 when the ground tilt tidal effect occurs.

[0037] It should be understood that expressions such as “comprising” and “may include” used in this application indicate the existence of the disclosed functions, operations, or constituent elements, and do not limit one or more additional functions, operations, and constituent elements. In this application, terms such as “comprising” and / or “having” are to be interpreted as indicating a particular characteristic, number, operation, constituent element, component, or combination thereof, but not to exclude the existence or possibility of adding one or more other characteristics, numbers, operations, constituent elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0038] Furthermore, in this application, the expression "and / or" includes any and all combinations of the associated listed words. For example, the expression "A and / or B" may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. "Fixed connection" refers to a connection where the relative positional relationship remains unchanged after connection. "Rotary connection" refers to a connection where the components can rotate relative to each other after connection. "Sliding connection" refers to a connection where the components can slide relative to each other after connection. The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "left," and "right," are only for reference to the directions in the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for better and clearer explanation and understanding of the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0040] Furthermore, the mathematical concepts mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as symmetry, equality, parallelism, and perpendicularity, are limitations specific to the current technological level, rather than absolute and strict mathematical definitions. Slight deviations are permissible; approximations of symmetry, equality, parallelism, and perpendicularity are all acceptable. For example, "A and B are parallel" means that A and B are parallel or approximately parallel, and the angle between A and B can be between 0 and 10 degrees. "A and B are perpendicular" means that A and B are perpendicular or approximately perpendicular, and the angle between A and B can be between 80 and 100 degrees.

[0041] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for high-precision measurement of horizontal lines, characterized in that, The system includes a housing (1), and integrated within the housing (1) are a horizontal rotation unit (2), an automatic collimation optical unit (3), an acceleration measurement unit (4), a reflector (5), and a central processing unit (6), wherein: The automatic collimation optical unit (3) and the acceleration measurement unit (4) are respectively connected to the central processing unit (6); the automatic collimation optical unit (3) and the horizontal rotation unit (2) are fixed side by side on the bottom surface of the housing (1); The acceleration measurement unit (4) and the reflector (5) are fixed on the horizontal rotation unit (2), and the two can rotate synchronously with the horizontal rotation unit (2) to the first azimuth angle and the second azimuth angle; The reflector (5) is equipped with mutually parallel and symmetrically distributed optical reflection planes. The optical reflection planes are parallel to the rotation axis (7) of the horizontal rotation unit (2), and the angle between its normal and the zero offset direction of the reference optical axis of the automatic collimation optical unit (3) is less than a set threshold, and the angle between its normal and the input axis of the acceleration measurement unit (4) is less than the set threshold.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The set threshold is 1′.

3. The apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The surface shape error of the optical reflection plane is less than the nominal measurement accuracy value of the device.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The parallelism error of a pair of optical reflective planes is less than the nominal measurement accuracy value of the device.

5. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that, The device has a nominal measurement accuracy of 0.2″.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the first azimuth and the second azimuth is 180°.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The acceleration measurement unit (4) comprises multiple units and is arranged around the reflector (5) on the horizontal rotation unit (2).

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes an optical prism (8), which is disposed on the side of the horizontal rotation unit (2) and opposite to the automatic collimation optical unit (3).

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a support frame (9), which is vertically fixed to the bottom surface of the housing (1), and the automatic collimating optical unit (3) is disposed on the upper part of the support frame (9).

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