A non-silicon controlled switch controlled networking identification unit circuit

Abstract

The application discloses a non-silicon controlled switch control networking identification unit circuit which comprises a characteristic current emission circuit, a driving circuit, an over-zero detection circuit and a Bluetooth module, and adopts a transistor as a switching device. Compared with a traditional circuit using a silicon controlled switch as a switching device, the application has the advantages of strong anti-interference ability, fast switching speed, low self-loss and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power technology, and in particular to a network identification unit circuit controlled by a non-thyristor switch. Background Technology

[0002] The new generation of IoT meters features Bluetooth functionality, connecting to external circuit breakers via Bluetooth. Multiple IoT meters and multiple external circuit breakers can reside within a single meter enclosure. An IoT meter can detect multiple nearby external circuit breakers. To ensure accurate connection between the IoT meter and the circuit breaker at the back end of the power line, the external circuit breaker incorporates a network identification unit. This unit features characteristic current signal transmission, Bluetooth communication, and Bluetooth address encryption, enabling self-organizing network pairing between the external circuit breaker and the IoT meter. The pairing process is as follows: the network identification unit actively transmits a characteristic current signal containing a Bluetooth address to the power line. The IoT meter receives the signal, parses the Bluetooth address of the network identification unit, and then actively connects to the corresponding Bluetooth slave device (the external circuit breaker at the back end of the power line), completing the network pairing.

[0003] Currently available network identification units generally use thyristors as the switching control device, which has the following disadvantages: 1) Sensitive to electromagnetic interference, it may conduct abnormally due to external electromagnetic interference; 2) Sensitive to dv / dt (voltage change rate), high-frequency voltage surges can cause abnormal conduction of the thyristor; 3) Slow turn-on / turn-off speed, resulting in signal delay, which may lead to distortion of the transmitted current signal; 4) Current tailing during turn-off, resulting in significant switching losses and heat generation, posing a risk of overheating damage. To ensure a reliable and stable output characteristic current signal from the network identification unit, there is an urgent need for a network identification unit circuit that is not controlled by a thyristor switch. This circuit should enable IoT meters to accurately identify the current signal emitted by the network identification unit of the external circuit breaker of the downstream energy meter under various power grid environments, achieving one-to-one automatic network pairing. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this application is to provide a network identification unit circuit that is insensitive to electromagnetic interference and high-frequency voltage fluctuations, has fast turn-on / turn-off speed, and has no risk of overheating damage.

[0005] This application provides a network identification unit circuit controlled by a non-thyristor switch, comprising a characteristic current transmitting circuit, a driving circuit, a zero-crossing detection circuit, and a Bluetooth module; the characteristic current transmitting circuit includes a first capacitor, a first resistor, a rectifier bridge, a second resistor, and a transistor; the zero-crossing detection circuit is used to detect the voltage zero-crossing point and generate a zero-crossing signal based on the voltage zero-crossing point; the Bluetooth module is used to generate a characteristic current control signal based on the zero-crossing signal; the driving circuit is used to convert the characteristic current control signal into a signal capable of driving the input control terminal of the transistor; the first capacitor and the first resistor are connected in parallel to form a parallel circuit, and the circuit is... The line is connected to the first AC input terminal of the rectifier bridge through the parallel circuit. The neutral line is connected to the second AC input terminal of the rectifier bridge through the second resistor. The positive DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the first output terminal of the transistor. The negative DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the second output terminal of the transistor. The output terminal of the drive circuit is connected to the input control terminal of the transistor. The input terminal of the drive circuit is connected to the characteristic current control signal output terminal of the Bluetooth module. The zero-crossing signal input terminal of the Bluetooth module is connected to the output terminal of the zero-crossing detection circuit. The input terminal of the zero-crossing detection circuit is connected to the live wire and the neutral wire.

[0006] According to some embodiments, the transistor is a bipolar transistor or a field-effect transistor.

[0007] According to some embodiments, the first capacitor is a ceramic capacitor.

[0008] According to some embodiments, the value of the first capacitor ranges from 0.4 microfarads to 1.4 microfarads.

[0009] According to some embodiments, a self-generating power supply circuit is also included, which provides a stable DC power supply to the drive circuit, and the input terminal of the self-generating power supply circuit is connected to the DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge.

[0010] According to some embodiments, the self-generating power supply circuit includes a first diode, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a Zener diode, and a second capacitor. The anode of the first diode is connected to the positive DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge, and the cathode of the first diode is connected to the cathode of the Zener diode through the third resistor and the fourth resistor. The anode of the Zener diode is connected to the negative DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge, and the two ends of the second capacitor are connected to the two ends of the Zener diode.

[0011] According to some embodiments, the system further includes a first connector, a second connector, a third connector, and a fourth connector; the first connector is used to connect the parallel circuit and the live wire, the second connector is used to connect the second resistor and the neutral wire, the third connector is used to connect an external communication interface and an external DC power supply, and the fourth connector is used to connect the program download interface of the Bluetooth module.

[0012] According to some embodiments, the driving circuit includes a first optocoupler, a fifth resistor, and a sixth resistor. The characteristic current control signal output terminal of the Bluetooth module is connected to the anode of the first optocoupler through the fifth resistor. The cathode of the first optocoupler is grounded. The collector of the first optocoupler is connected to a DC power supply. The emitter of the first optocoupler is connected to the input control terminal of the transistor. The two ends of the sixth resistor are respectively connected to the emitter of the first optocoupler and the DC negative output terminal of the rectifier bridge.

[0013] According to some embodiments, the zero-crossing detection circuit includes a second diode, a third diode, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a third capacitor, and a second optocoupler. The anode of the second diode is connected to the live wire of the circuit, and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the anode of the second optocoupler through the seventh resistor and the eighth resistor. The anode of the third diode is simultaneously connected to the neutral wire of the circuit, one end of the third capacitor, and the cathode of the second optocoupler. The cathode of the third diode is simultaneously connected to the other end of the third capacitor and the anode of the second optocoupler. The collector of the second optocoupler is connected to a DC power supply, and the emitter of the second optocoupler is grounded through the ninth resistor.

[0014] The technical solution disclosed in this application uses transistors as switching devices to replace thyristors, which has the following advantages over traditional thyristor-based solutions:

[0015] 1) Transistors can freely control their switching state (on / off), making them fully controllable devices with definite switching states and strong anti-interference capabilities. In contrast, thyristors are semi-controllable devices; once a thyristor is turned on, it cannot be directly turned off and requires zero-crossing current or external forced turn-off. They are also susceptible to abnormal turn-on due to interference, meaning they cannot be turned off completely. This application uses fully controllable transistors as the switching device, solving the problem of incomplete turn-off that exists in existing technologies using thyristors.

[0016] 2) Transistors can switch at speeds in the microsecond range, while thyristors have slower switching speeds (in the millisecond range). This application uses transistors as switching devices to solve the problems of slow turn-on / turn-off speeds, signal delays, and potential distortion of transmitted current signals caused by the use of thyristors in the prior art.

[0017] 3) Transistors exhibit no current tailing during turn-off, while thyristors suffer higher power losses due to carrier recombination during turn-off. This application uses transistors as switching devices to address the problem in existing technologies where the use of thyristors results in significant switching losses, leading to overheating and potential damage.

[0018] In summary, compared to traditional circuits using thyristors as switching devices, the technical solution of this application has advantages such as strong anti-interference capability, fast switching speed, and low self-loss. This technical solution completely solves the defects caused by using thyristors as switching devices, improving the success rate of network pairing. The reactive current generated using this technical solution will not cause IoT meters to register readings, thus avoiding new disputes; the generated reactive current is not billed, ensuring fair energy metering. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A circuit diagram of a network identification unit according to an example embodiment is shown.

[0021] Figure 2 A zero-crossing detection circuit diagram according to an example embodiment is shown.

[0022] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of a Bluetooth module according to an example embodiment is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] Those skilled in the art should understand that the following specific embodiments or implementation methods are a series of optimized configurations listed in this application to further explain the specific application content. These configuration methods can be combined or used in conjunction with each other, unless this application explicitly states that some or a specific embodiment or implementation method cannot be associated with or used in conjunction with other embodiments or implementation methods. Furthermore, the following specific embodiments or implementation methods are only considered as optimized configurations and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] Figure 1 A circuit diagram of a network identification unit according to an example embodiment is shown.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, a network identification unit circuit controlled by a non-thyristor switch aims to solve a series of problems caused by using thyristors as switching devices. It includes a characteristic current generation circuit, a self-generated power supply circuit, a drive circuit, a zero-crossing detection circuit, a Bluetooth module U2, external interfaces J1, J2, J3, and J4.

[0028] The characteristic current generating circuit consists of capacitor C1, energy release resistor R3, rectifier bridge D1, current limiting resistor RP1, and switching control device MOSFET V1. The self-generated power supply circuit consists of diode D2, resistors R1 and R2, Zener diode Z1, and capacitor C2. The driving circuit consists of resistors R4 and R5 and optocoupler U1.

[0029] Capacitor C1, also known as the reactive power generator, is typically 630V and 1uF. A small ceramic capacitor is preferred, requiring resistance to voltage surges, low piezoelectric effect, and low ESR. The capacitor value is positively correlated with the reactive current magnitude. Under reactive current modulation conditions of 30mA to 100mA at 220V, the corresponding capacitor value range is 0.4uF to 1.4uF.

[0030] The live wire is connected to the first AC input terminal of rectifier bridge D1 via a parallel circuit consisting of external interfaces J1, C1, and R3. The neutral wire is connected to the second AC input terminal of rectifier bridge D1 via external interfaces J2 and RP1. The DC positive terminal of rectifier bridge D1 is connected to the drain of V1, and the DC negative terminal of rectifier bridge D1 is connected to the source of V1. The DC positive terminal of rectifier bridge D1 is connected to the anode of D2, and the cathode of D2 is connected to the cathode of Z1 via R1 and R2. The anode of Z1 is connected to the DC negative terminal of rectifier bridge D1, and C2 is connected in parallel with Z1. The characteristic current generated by Bluetooth module U2 controls the SEND signal, which enters the anode of optocoupler U1 via R5. The cathode of U1 is grounded, the collector of U1 is connected to the cathode of Z1, and the emitter of U1 is connected to the gate of V1. R4 is connected to both the gate and source of V1.

[0031] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates a zero-crossing detection circuit according to an example embodiment of this application.

[0032] like Figure 2As shown, a zero-crossing detection circuit consists of diodes D3 and D4, resistors R6, R7, and R8, capacitor C3, and optocoupler U2. The live wire is connected to the anode of D3, and the cathode of D3 is connected to the cathode of D4, one end of C3, and the anode of U2 simultaneously via R6 and R7. The neutral wire is connected to the anode of D4, the other end of C3, and the cathode of U2. The collector of U2 is connected to a DC power supply V3P3, and the emitter of U2 outputs a zero-crossing signal Zcross, which is grounded via R8.

[0033] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of a Bluetooth module according to an example embodiment is shown.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, Bluetooth chip U3 is connected to the serial communication RX and TX terminals in external interface J3, and to the program download terminals SWDCLK and SWDIO in external interface J4. Pin 10 of Bluetooth chip U3 receives the zero-crossing signal Zcross output by the zero-crossing detection circuit, and pin 9 of Bluetooth chip U3 outputs the SEND signal controlled by the generated characteristic current and sends it to the input terminal of the driver circuit.

[0035] The functions and working processes of each circuit are as follows:

[0036] The characteristic current generation circuit, used for emitting the characteristic current, is controlled by the on / off state of MOSFET V1, forming a current signal with encoded information. The on / off state of MOSFET V1 is controlled by the driver circuit, which is powered by its own power supply circuit. The zero-crossing detection circuit detects the zero-crossing point between the live and neutral wires, and after isolation via optocoupler U2, transmits the signal to the Bluetooth module via Zcross. Upon detecting the zero-crossing signal, the Bluetooth module, according to the characteristic current control logic, outputs a high level to SEND when it needs to output the characteristic current L signal, and starts timing. The duration is an integer multiple of 20ms (the multiple being the encoded information of the current signal). The internal LED of the optocoupler U1 in the driver circuit then turns on the optocoupler U1. After optocoupler U1 is turned on, the current from the self-generated power supply circuit flows through U1, creating a high level between the gate and primary of MOSFET V1, thus turning on V1. Due to the presence of rectifier bridge D1, regardless of whether the input AC_L and AC_N signals are positive or negative, the conduction of V1 ensures that the reactive power generator C1 remains continuously connected between the positive and negative AC voltages, continuously generating the reactive characteristic current L signal. According to the characteristic current control logic, when the characteristic current L signal ends (i.e., after the SEND output high timing ends), and the characteristic current H signal needs to be output, the Bluetooth module outputs a low level and starts timing. The duration is also an integer multiple of the 20ms timing interval (the multiple is the current signal encoding information). The internal LED of optocoupler U1 does not emit light, and U1 is not turned on. Due to the pull-down resistor R4, a low level is formed between the gate and primary of MOSFET V1, preventing V1 from conducting. The reactive power generator C1 is open-circuited, and resistor R3 releases the energy of C1, stopping the emission of the reactive characteristic current and generating the characteristic current H signal. The Bluetooth module's SEND signal, initiated by a zero-crossing signal, periodically outputs a high and low signal to control the switching of MOSFET V1, generating characteristic high and low current signals. This produces a reactive current with coded characteristics. The IoT meter analyzes this reactive current signal and pairs with the circuit breaker. After pairing, the Bluetooth module's SEND signal goes low, U1 and V1 are cut off, and the module enters standby mode. The zero-crossing detection circuit generates a zero-crossing signal during the positive half-cycle of the AC voltage, marking the starting point for the characteristic current L signal transmission. At this point, the voltage is near zero, reducing the impact on the reactive power generator C1 when it is activated. The self-generated power supply circuit uses Z1 to provide a regulated output voltage, C2 to store energy, R1 and R2 for current limiting, and D2 to prevent reverse output of the stored energy from C2. This self-generated power supply circuit provides energy to the drive circuit to drive the switching controller MOSFET V1.

[0037] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A network identification unit circuit controlled by a non-thyristor switch, characterized in that, It includes a characteristic current transmitting circuit, a driving circuit, a zero-crossing detection circuit, and a Bluetooth module; the characteristic current transmitting circuit includes a first capacitor, a first resistor, a rectifier bridge, a second resistor, and a transistor; the zero-crossing detection circuit is used to detect the voltage zero-crossing point and generate a zero-crossing signal based on the voltage zero-crossing point; the Bluetooth module is used to generate a characteristic current control signal based on the zero-crossing signal. The driving circuit is used to convert the characteristic current control signal into a signal that can drive the input control terminal of the transistor. The first capacitor and the first resistor are connected in parallel to form a parallel circuit. The live wire of the line is connected to the first AC input terminal of the rectifier bridge through the parallel circuit. The neutral wire of the line is connected to the second AC input terminal of the rectifier bridge through the second resistor. The positive DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the first output terminal of the transistor. The negative DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the second output terminal of the transistor. The output terminal of the drive circuit is connected to the input control terminal of the transistor. The input terminal of the drive circuit is connected to the characteristic current control signal output terminal of the Bluetooth module. The zero-crossing signal input terminal of the Bluetooth module is connected to the output terminal of the zero-crossing detection circuit. The input terminal of the zero-crossing detection circuit is connected to the live wire and the neutral wire of the line.

2. The network identification unit circuit controlled by a non-thyristor switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transistor is a bipolar transistor or a field-effect transistor.

3. The network identification unit circuit controlled by a non-thyristor switch according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first capacitor is a ceramic capacitor.

4. The network identification unit circuit controlled by a non-thyristor switch according to claim 3, characterized in that, The value of the first capacitor ranges from 0.4 microfarads to 1.4 microfarads.

5. The network identification unit circuit controlled by a non-thyristor switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a self-generating power supply circuit, which provides a stable DC power supply to the drive circuit. The input terminal of the self-generating power supply circuit is connected to the DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge.

6. The network identification unit circuit controlled by a non-thyristor switch according to claim 5, characterized in that, The self-generated power supply circuit includes a first diode, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a Zener diode, and a second capacitor. The anode of the first diode is connected to the positive DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge, and the cathode of the first diode is connected to the cathode of the Zener diode through the third resistor and the fourth resistor. The anode of the Zener diode is connected to the negative DC output terminal of the rectifier bridge, and the two ends of the second capacitor are connected to the two ends of the Zener diode.

7. The network identification unit circuit controlled by a non-thyristor switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first connector, a second connector, a third connector, and a fourth connector; the first connector is used to connect the parallel circuit and the live wire, the second connector is used to connect the second resistor and the neutral wire, the third connector is used to connect the external communication interface and the external DC power supply, and the fourth connector is used to connect the program download interface of the Bluetooth module.

8. The network identification unit circuit controlled by a non-thyristor switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving circuit includes a first optocoupler, a fifth resistor, and a sixth resistor. The characteristic current control signal output terminal of the Bluetooth module is connected to the anode of the first optocoupler through the fifth resistor. The cathode of the first optocoupler is grounded. The collector of the first optocoupler is connected to a DC power supply. The emitter of the first optocoupler is connected to the input control terminal of the transistor. The two ends of the sixth resistor are respectively connected to the emitter of the first optocoupler and the DC negative output terminal of the rectifier bridge.

9. The network identification unit circuit controlled by a non-thyristor switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The zero-crossing detection circuit includes a second diode, a third diode, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a third capacitor, and a second optocoupler. The anode of the second diode is connected to the live wire of the circuit, and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the anode of the second optocoupler through the seventh resistor and the eighth resistor. The anode of the third diode is simultaneously connected to the neutral wire of the circuit, one end of the third capacitor, and the cathode of the second optocoupler. The cathode of the third diode is simultaneously connected to the other end of the third capacitor and the anode of the second optocoupler. The collector of the second optocoupler is connected to a DC power supply, and the emitter of the second optocoupler is grounded through the ninth resistor.

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