Fuel cell system and vehicle provided therewith

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of fuel cell, and provides a fuel cell system and a vehicle provided with the same. The fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen storage bottle, a liquid-cooled electric pile and an air-cooled electric pile; the hydrogen storage bottle has a liquid-phase space for containing liquid hydrogen and a gas-phase space for containing hydrogen above the liquid-phase space, and the hydrogen storage bottle is provided with a liquid-phase outlet in communication with the liquid-phase space and a gas-phase outlet in communication with the gas-phase space; the liquid-cooled electric pile is communicated with the liquid-phase outlet through a first hydrogen supply pipeline, and the first hydrogen supply pipeline is provided with a first flow control assembly; the air-cooled electric pile is communicated with the gas-phase outlet through a second hydrogen supply pipeline, and the second hydrogen supply pipeline is provided with a second flow control assembly and a first hydrogen buffer tank. The fuel cell system can realize recycling and cyclic utilization of liquid hydrogen evaporation gas, and is beneficial to improving the use quality of the fuel cell system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a fuel cell system and a vehicle equipped with it. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the new energy industry, vehicle power systems are also changing. New energy vehicles often use fuel cell systems as their power source, and some technologies utilize liquid hydrogen as fuel for these systems.

[0003] Liquid hydrogen requires very low storage temperatures. When a vehicle is operating, the liquid hydrogen tank needs to continuously supply fuel to the fuel cell system, and the hydrogen supply pipeline needs a certain pressure to ensure the supply of liquid hydrogen. When the pressure inside the liquid hydrogen tank reaches a certain value, the hydrogen needs to be released through a safety valve. This not only wastes energy, but also releases the vaporized hydrogen directly into the air, posing certain safety hazards and compromising the safety of the fuel cell system, thus hindering the improvement of the fuel cell's performance. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, this application aims to propose a fuel cell system to improve the quality of use of the fuel cell system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this application is implemented as follows: A fuel cell system includes a hydrogen storage tank, a liquid-cooled fuel cell stack cooled by a coolant, and an air-cooled fuel cell stack cooled by air. The hydrogen storage cylinder has a liquid phase space for containing liquid hydrogen and a gas phase space above the liquid phase space. The hydrogen storage cylinder is provided with a liquid phase outlet communicating with the liquid phase space and a gas phase outlet communicating with the gas phase space. The liquid-cooled fuel cell stack is connected to the liquid phase outlet via a first hydrogen supply pipeline, and a first flow control component is provided on the first hydrogen supply pipeline. The air-cooled fuel cell stack is connected to the gas phase outlet via a second hydrogen supply pipeline, and a second flow control component and a first hydrogen buffer tank are provided on the second hydrogen supply pipeline.

[0006] Furthermore, the hydrogen storage cylinder is equipped with a pressure detection unit, which is used to detect the pressure in the gas phase space.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes a venting pipeline; the venting pipeline is connected in parallel to the gas phase outlet, the venting pipeline is connected to the outside atmosphere, and a safety valve is provided on the venting pipeline.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a return gas pipeline; the return gas pipeline is connected in parallel to the gas phase outlet, the return gas pipeline is used to connect to the hydrogen refueling station, and the return gas pipeline is equipped with a first shut-off valve.

[0009] Furthermore, the second flow control component includes a switching valve and a shut-off valve disposed on the second hydrogen supply pipeline; the switching valve is located upstream of the first hydrogen buffer tank, and the second shut-off valve is located downstream of the first hydrogen buffer tank.

[0010] Furthermore, the second flow control component includes a first pressure reducing valve and a first proportional valve disposed on the second hydrogen supply pipeline; the first pressure reducing valve and the first proportional valve are sequentially disposed downstream of the second shut-off valve.

[0011] Furthermore, the first hydrogen supply pipeline is equipped with a vaporizer and a second hydrogen buffer tank; the first flow control component includes a third shut-off valve located on the first hydrogen supply pipeline, the third shut-off valve being located between the hydrogen storage cylinder and the vaporizer.

[0012] Furthermore, the first flow control component includes a second pressure reducing valve and a second proportional valve disposed on the first hydrogen supply pipeline, the second pressure reducing valve and the second proportional valve being located downstream of the second hydrogen buffer tank; and / or, the first flow control component includes an overflow valve disposed on the first hydrogen supply pipeline, the overflow valve being located between the third shut-off valve and the vaporizer.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes an air supply device; the air supply device is connected to the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack via a first air line and to the air-cooled fuel cell stack via a second air line, and the second air line is provided with a fourth shut-off valve.

[0014] Compared with related technologies, this application has the following advantages: (1) The fuel cell system described in this application facilitates the temporary storage of gaseous hydrogen through the setting of the gas phase space in the hydrogen storage tank, and facilitates the delivery of gaseous hydrogen to the air-cooled fuel cell stack for processing through the setting of the gas phase outlet and the air-cooled fuel cell stack through the second hydrogen supply pipeline. Furthermore, the setting of the second flow control component and the first hydrogen buffer tank helps to regulate the flow rate of gaseous hydrogen and buffer the gaseous hydrogen flowing to the air-cooled fuel cell stack, thereby improving the safety of the fuel cell system. Through the cooperation of the gas phase outlet, the second hydrogen supply pipeline, the second flow control component, the first hydrogen buffer tank and the air-cooled fuel cell stack, the recovery and recycling of liquid hydrogen vapor gas can be realized, solving the waste and safety problems caused by the direct emission of vapor gas, thereby improving the safety of the fuel cell system.

[0015] (2) By setting up the pressure detection unit, it is easy to obtain the pressure in the gas phase space, thereby improving the regulation effect of the second flow regulation component and facilitating design and implementation.

[0016] (3) By setting up the venting pipeline, it is easy to discharge the gaseous hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder through the safety valve in an emergency, thereby improving the safety of fuel cell use.

[0017] (4) By setting up the return gas pipeline, it is convenient to recover the gaseous hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder to the hydrogen refueling station when liquid hydrogen is refueled, which helps the refueling of liquid hydrogen. The setting of the first shut-off valve helps to control the opening and closing of the return gas pipeline. The structure is simple and easy to design and implement.

[0018] (5) The switch valve facilitates the control of the opening and closing of the hydrogen storage tank and the first hydrogen buffer tank, and the second shut-off valve facilitates the control of the opening and closing of the first hydrogen buffer tank and the air-cooled stack. The structure is simple and easy to design and implement.

[0019] (6) The setting of the first pressure reducing valve and the first proportional valve facilitates the adjustment of the hydrogen pressure and flow rate entering the air-cooled stack, which is helpful for design and implementation.

[0020] (7) The vaporizer and the second hydrogen buffer tank facilitate the conversion of liquid hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank into gaseous hydrogen for power generation in the liquid-cooled stack. The second hydrogen buffer tank also helps to temporarily store the vaporized gaseous hydrogen, which is beneficial for design and implementation.

[0021] (8) By setting the second pressure reducing valve and the second proportional valve, it is easy to control the pressure and flow rate of hydrogen entering the liquid-cooled stack through the first hydrogen supply pipeline. At the same time, by setting the overflow valve, it is easy to adjust the flow rate of liquid hydrogen entering the vaporizer, which is convenient for design and implementation.

[0022] (9) By connecting the air supply device to the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack through the first air pipeline and to the air-cooled fuel cell stack through the second air pipeline, and by setting a fourth shut-off valve on the second air pipeline, it is convenient to control the air supply of the air-cooled fuel cell stack and facilitates the design and implementation.

[0023] This application also proposes a vehicle in which a fuel cell system as described above is provided.

[0024] The vehicle described in this application, through the configuration of the fuel cell system as described above, can realize the recovery and recycling of liquid hydrogen vapor gas, solving the waste and safety problems caused by the direct emission of vapor gas, improving the safety of vehicle use, and thus helping to improve the quality of vehicle use. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fuel cell system described in the embodiments of this application; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Hydrogen storage cylinder; 101. Liquid phase space; 102. Gas phase space; 103. Liquid phase outlet; 104. Gas phase outlet; 105. Filling port; 2. Liquid-cooled fuel cell stack; 3. Air-cooled fuel cell stack; 4. First hydrogen supply pipeline; 501. Third shut-off valve; 502. Second pressure reducing valve; 503. Second proportional valve; 504. Overflow valve; 6. Second hydrogen supply pipeline; 701. Switch valve; 702. Second shut-off valve; 703. First pressure reducing valve; 704. First proportional valve; 8. First hydrogen buffer tank; 9. Pressure detection unit; 10. Relief pipeline; 11. Safety valve; 12. Return gas pipeline; 13. First shut-off valve; 14. Vaporizer; 15. Second hydrogen buffer tank; 16. Air supply device; 17. First air pipeline; 18. Second air pipeline; 19. Fourth shut-off valve. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the technical solution and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0027] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0028] Furthermore, it should be noted that in the description of this application, if terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," or "outer" appear, indicating orientation or positional relationship, these are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, if terms such as "first" or "second" appear, they are also used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "connector" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application in light of the specific circumstances.

[0030] In this application, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0031] The present application will now be described in detail through exemplary embodiments. However, it should be understood that, without further description, elements, structures, and features in one embodiment may be advantageously incorporated into other embodiments.

[0032] An embodiment of the first aspect of this application provides a fuel cell system applied in a vehicle, primarily used to generate electrical energy to supply the vehicle through a chemical reaction. Furthermore, the fuel cell system of this embodiment, through its structural innovation, enables the recovery and recycling of liquid hydrogen vapor when using hydrogen as fuel, solving the waste and safety issues caused by the direct emission of vaporized gas, thereby improving the quality of use of the fuel cell system.

[0033] In related technologies, besides directly using a power battery pack as the energy core, new energy vehicles also employ fuel cell systems to generate electricity to power the vehicle. In fuel cell systems, liquid hydrogen is a common fuel. Liquid hydrogen requires very low temperatures for storage, therefore, the liquid hydrogen in the cylinder is prone to vaporization during use.

[0034] When the vehicle is operating, the liquid hydrogen tank needs to continuously supply fuel to the fuel-electric system. The hydrogen supply pipeline needs a certain pressure to ensure the supply of liquid hydrogen. When too much liquid hydrogen vaporizes, causing the pressure inside the liquid hydrogen tank to reach a certain value, the hydrogen needs to be released into the atmosphere through a safety valve to reduce the pressure inside the liquid hydrogen tank and ensure the supply of hydrogen.

[0035] However, directly releasing hydrogen into the air not only wastes energy but also poses certain safety hazards, which is detrimental to the safety of fuel cell systems and the quality of fuel cell performance.

[0036] In view of this, in order to overcome the shortcomings of related technologies, the fuel cell system of this embodiment combines... Figure 1 As shown, the overall design includes a hydrogen storage cylinder 1, a liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2, and an air-cooled fuel cell stack 3.

[0037] The hydrogen storage cylinder 1 has a liquid phase space 101 for containing liquid hydrogen and a gas phase space 102 above the liquid phase space 101. The hydrogen storage cylinder 1 has a liquid phase outlet 103 connected to the liquid phase space 101 and a gas phase outlet 104 connected to the gas phase space 102. The liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2 is cooled by a coolant and is connected to the liquid phase outlet 103 via a first hydrogen supply line 4. The air-cooled fuel cell stack 3 is air-cooled and is connected to the gas phase outlet 104 via a second hydrogen supply line 6. The first hydrogen supply line 4 is equipped with a first flow control component, and the second hydrogen supply line 6 is equipped with a second flow control component and a first hydrogen buffer tank 8.

[0038] Therefore, the gas phase space 102 in the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 facilitates the temporary storage of gaseous hydrogen. The gas phase outlet 104 and the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3 facilitate the delivery of gaseous hydrogen to the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3 for processing via the second hydrogen supply pipeline 6. The second flow control component and the first hydrogen buffer tank 8 help regulate the flow rate of gaseous hydrogen and buffer the gaseous hydrogen flowing to the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3, thereby improving the safety of the fuel cell system. Through the cooperation of the gas phase outlet 104, the second hydrogen supply pipeline 6, the second flow control component, the first hydrogen buffer tank 8, and the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3, the recovery and recycling of liquid hydrogen vapor can be achieved, solving the waste and safety problems caused by the direct emission of vapor, thus improving the safety of the fuel cell system.

[0039] Based on the above general introduction, specifically, as an exemplary structural form, the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2 and the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3 in this embodiment generally include multiple fuel cell units stacked sequentially.

[0040] The above-mentioned fuel cell units are the core components of the fuel cell system that convert hydrogen fuel into electrical energy. In specific implementations, existing fuel cell units in fuel cell systems can be referenced, and will not be elaborated further here. Furthermore, the connection methods of the above-mentioned fuel cell units will also not be elaborated further here.

[0041] The liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2 described above uses coolant as the cooling medium. It primarily relies on the flow of coolant to remove the heat generated during stack operation, thus maintaining a stable operating temperature. The air-cooled fuel cell stack 3 described above uses air as the cooling medium. It primarily relies on air flow to remove the heat generated during stack operation, thus maintaining a stable operating temperature. The specific configurations of the liquid-cooled stack 2 and air-cooled stack 3 can also be referenced from the configurations of existing liquid-cooled stacks 2 and air-cooled stacks 3 in fuel cell systems, and will not be elaborated further in this embodiment.

[0042] In specific implementation, the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 in this embodiment generally includes an outer shell, an inner shell, and an insulation layer disposed between the outer shell and the inner shell. Both the outer shell and the inner shell are made of stainless steel; for example, the outer shell is made of S30408 ​​stainless steel, and the inner shell is made of S31603 stainless steel. The insulation layer can be, for example, a high-vacuum multilayer insulation layer (such as a layered structure made of alternating layers of fiberglass paper and aluminum foil). Besides the materials mentioned above, the materials used for the outer shell, inner shell, and insulation layer can be derived from the materials used in existing hydrogen storage cylinder 1 structures in fuel cell systems, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0043] In addition, the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 is typically equipped with a filling port 105 for connecting to the liquid hydrogen refueling pipeline of a hydrogen refueling station. The filling port 105 is usually connected to the inside of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 to facilitate the filling of liquid hydrogen into the hydrogen storage cylinder 1. The configuration of the filling port 105 can be based on the relevant structure in existing fuel cell systems, and will not be described in detail here.

[0044] In addition, the first hydrogen buffer tank 8 mentioned above can also be made of stainless steel, specifically, S31603 stainless steel. Of course, besides being made of S31603 stainless steel, the first hydrogen buffer tank 8 can also be made by referring to the relevant structures in existing fuel cell systems, which will not be elaborated here.

[0045] Continue to combine Figure 1 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, this embodiment may, for example, provide a pressure detection unit 9 on the hydrogen storage cylinder 1, which is used to detect the pressure in the gas phase space 102.

[0046] It is understandable that by setting up the pressure detection unit 9, it is easy to obtain the pressure in the gas phase space 102, thereby improving the regulation effect of the second flow regulation component and facilitating design and implementation.

[0047] In practical implementation, the pressure detection unit 9 can, for example, be a pressure sensor. The pressure detection unit 9 can be located at the gas phase outlet 104 of the hydrogen storage tank 1. By detecting the pressure at the gas phase outlet 104, the pressure of the gas phase space 102 inside the hydrogen storage tank 1 can be obtained. Furthermore, placing the pressure detection unit 9 at the gas phase outlet 104 facilitates both obtaining the pressure of the gas phase space 102 and the arrangement of the pressure detection unit 9. Of course, besides using a pressure sensor, the pressure detection unit 9 can also draw upon existing structures for detecting gas phase pressure in fuel cell systems (such as pressure gauges), which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0048] Continue to combine Figure 1 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, this embodiment may, for example, include a venting line 10 within the fuel cell system.

[0049] The above-mentioned discharge pipeline 10 is connected in parallel to the gas phase outlet 104. The discharge pipeline 10 is connected to the outside atmosphere, and a safety valve 11 is provided on the discharge pipeline 10.

[0050] Understandably, the venting pipe 10 facilitates the release of gaseous hydrogen from the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 via the safety valve 11 in emergency situations, thereby improving the safety of fuel cell operation.

[0051] In practical implementation, one end of the venting pipe 10 is connected to the gas phase outlet 104, and the safety valve 11 is located at the other end of the venting pipe 10. When the pressure in the gas phase outlet 104 is greater than the pressure relief value set by the safety valve 11, the safety valve 11 opens, guiding the gas in the gas phase outlet 104 to the outside atmosphere, thereby reducing the pressure in the gas phase space 102. When the pressure in the gas phase outlet 104 is less than the pressure relief value set by the safety valve 11, the safety valve 11 closes to ensure the hydrogen supply pressure of the hydrogen storage tank. Specifically, the safety valve 11 can be, for example, a pressure relief valve, and the pressure relief of the pressure relief valve can be set according to the preset pressure relief value of the hydrogen storage tank. Of course, the safety valve 11 can also refer to the safety valve 11 in existing fuel cell systems (such as an electronically controlled valve with pressure detection function), which will not be elaborated here.

[0052] Continue to combine Figure 1 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, this embodiment may, for example, include a fuel cell system that also includes a return gas line 12.

[0053] The above-mentioned return gas pipeline 12 is connected in parallel to the gas phase outlet 104. The return gas pipeline 12 is used to connect to the enhancement station, and a first shut-off valve 13 is provided on the return gas pipeline 12.

[0054] It is understandable that the setting of the return gas pipeline 12 facilitates the recovery of gaseous hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 to the hydrogen refueling station during liquid hydrogen refueling, which helps with the refueling of liquid hydrogen. In addition, the setting of the first shut-off valve 13 helps to control the opening and closing of the return gas pipeline 12. The structure is simple and easy to design and implement.

[0055] In practical implementation, one end of the above-mentioned return gas pipeline 12 is connected to the gas phase outlet 104 of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1, and the other end of the above-mentioned return gas pipeline 12 is used to connect to the gas recovery pipeline of the hydrogen refueling station. The above-mentioned first shut-off valve 13 is connected in series between the two ends of the return gas pipeline 12 and can control the opening and closing of the return gas pipeline 12. When the fuel cell system needs to be refueled with liquid hydrogen, the return gas pipeline 12 is connected to the gas recovery pipeline of the hydrogen refueling station, and the first shut-off valve 13 is opened so that the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 can be guided into the gas recovery pipeline of the hydrogen refueling station when liquid hydrogen is refueled.

[0056] The liquid hydrogen refueling methods for the above fuel cell systems can be referenced from existing liquid hydrogen refueling methods in fuel cell systems (such as pipeline connection refueling methods), and will not be elaborated further here.

[0057] It is worth mentioning that, in specific implementation, the second hydrogen supply line 6, the venting line 10 and the return gas line 12 can all be connected in parallel to the gas phase outlet 104 of the hydrogen storage cylinder 1. At this time, the pressure detection unit 9 can be set on the venting line 10 so as to control the venting line 10 to release hydrogen into the outside atmosphere in case of emergency (such as a sudden increase in pressure in the hydrogen storage cylinder 1).

[0058] Continue to combine Figure 1 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, this embodiment may, for example, include a second flow control component comprising a switching valve 701 and a second shut-off valve 702.

[0059] The switching valve 701 and the second shut-off valve 702 are both connected in series on the second hydrogen supply line 6, with the switching valve 701 located upstream of the first hydrogen buffer tank 8 and the second shut-off valve 702 located downstream of the first hydrogen buffer tank 8.

[0060] It is understandable that the setting of the switching valve 701 facilitates the control of the on / off state between the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 and the first hydrogen buffer tank 8, and the setting of the second shut-off valve 702 facilitates the control of the on / off state between the first hydrogen buffer tank 8 and the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3. The structure is simple and easy to design and implement.

[0061] In specific implementation, the above-mentioned switch valve 701 can be triggered to open by the hydrogen pressure value in the hydrogen storage tank 1. When the hydrogen pressure value in the hydrogen storage tank 1 reaches the preset opening pressure of the switch valve 701, the switch valve 701 opens, introduces the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank 1 into the second hydrogen supply pipeline 6, and can be supplied to the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3 for power generation when the second shut-off valve 702 is opened.

[0062] It should be noted that the preset opening pressure of the switch valve 701 can be referenced from the opening pressure of the safety valve 11 in the existing fuel cell system. When the preset opening pressure of the switch valve 701 is set to be lower than the opening pressure of the safety valve 11, the switch valve 701 can be opened when the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage tank reaches the opening pressure of the safety valve 11, so that hydrogen is introduced into the second hydrogen supply pipeline 6 and generated through the air-cooled stack 3. This makes it easier to passively open the switch valve 701 by setting the preset opening pressure, thereby making better use of the excess hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 1 and ensuring the safety of the fuel cell system.

[0063] Continue to combine Figure 1 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, the second flow control component still includes a switching valve 701 and a shut-off valve 702. In this embodiment, the second flow control component may include a first pressure reducing valve 703 and a first proportional valve 704.

[0064] The first pressure reducing valve 703 and the first proportional valve 704 are both connected in series on the second hydrogen supply line 6, and the first pressure reducing valve 703 and the first proportional valve 704 are sequentially arranged downstream of the second shut-off valve 702.

[0065] Understandably, the setting of the first pressure reducing valve 703 and the first proportional valve 704 facilitates the adjustment of the hydrogen pressure and flow rate entering the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3, which is helpful for design and implementation.

[0066] In specific implementation, the first pressure reducing valve 703 and the first proportional valve 704 can also be a combination valve (such as a combination regulating valve) with pressure reducing and flow regulating functions, as long as they can regulate the flow rate and pressure of hydrogen flowing through the second hydrogen supply pipeline 6 to the air-cooled stack 3.

[0067] Continue to combine Figure 1 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, taking the first flow control component on the first hydrogen supply line 4 as an example, this embodiment may, for example, have a vaporizer 14 and a second hydrogen buffer tank 15 on the first hydrogen supply line 4.

[0068] The first flow control component includes a third shut-off valve 501 connected in series with the first hydrogen supply line 4, and the third shut-off valve 501 is located between the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 and the vaporizer 14, and the second hydrogen buffer tank 15 is located downstream of the vaporizer 14.

[0069] It is understandable that the vaporizer 14 and the second hydrogen buffer tank 15 facilitate the conversion of liquid hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank into gaseous hydrogen for power generation in the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2. The second hydrogen buffer tank 15 also helps to temporarily store the vaporized gaseous hydrogen, which is beneficial for design and implementation.

[0070] In practical implementation, the specific structure of the vaporizer 14 can be referenced from the relevant structure of the vaporizer 14 in existing fuel cell systems, and will not be elaborated further here. The second hydrogen buffer tank 15 can be made of stainless steel, specifically, for example, S31603 stainless steel. Of course, in addition to being made of S31603 stainless steel, the second hydrogen buffer tank 15 can also be referenced from the relevant structure in existing fuel cell systems, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0071] Continue to combine Figure 1 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, taking the first hydrogen supply line 4 as an example, a vaporizer 14 and a second hydrogen buffer tank 15 are provided. In this embodiment, for example, the first flow control component may include a second pressure reducing valve 502 and a second proportional valve 503.

[0072] The second pressure reducing valve 502 and the second proportional valve 503 are connected in series on the first hydrogen supply line 4 and are located downstream of the second hydrogen buffer tank 15.

[0073] Furthermore, taking the first hydrogen supply pipeline 4 as an example, which is equipped with a third shut-off valve 501 and a vaporizer 14, this embodiment may include a first flow control component including an overflow valve 504, which is located between the third shut-off valve 501 and the vaporizer 14.

[0074] It is understandable that the setting of the second pressure reducing valve 502 and the second proportional valve 503 facilitates the control of the pressure and flow rate of hydrogen entering the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2 through the first hydrogen supply pipeline 4. At the same time, the setting of the overflow valve 504 facilitates the adjustment of the flow rate of liquid hydrogen entering the vaporizer 14, which is convenient for design and implementation.

[0075] In practical implementation, the second pressure reducing valve 502 and the second proportional valve 503 can also be a combination valve (such as a combined regulating valve) with pressure reducing and flow regulating functions, as long as they can regulate the flow rate and pressure of hydrogen flowing through the first hydrogen supply line 4 to the liquid-cooled stack 2. The overflow valve 504 can refer to the relevant structure in existing fuel cell systems, and will not be described in detail here.

[0076] Continue to combine Figure 1 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, this embodiment may, for example, include an air supply device 16 in the fuel cell system.

[0077] The air supply device 16 is connected to the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2 via the first air pipe 17 and to the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3 via the second air pipe 18, and a fourth shut-off valve 19 is provided on the second air pipe 18.

[0078] It is understandable that by connecting the air supply device 16 to the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2 through the first air pipe 17 and to the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3 through the second air pipe 18, and by installing a fourth shut-off valve 19 on the second air pipe 18, the air supply to the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3 can be easily controlled, which is beneficial to the design and implementation.

[0079] In practical implementation, the air supply device 16 is used to supply air to the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2 and the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3 to facilitate the chemical reactions in the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2 and the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3. Specifically, the air supply device 16 may include, for example, an air filter located upstream of the first air duct 17 and the second air duct 18. The installation of the air filter ensures that the supplied air is clean air, which is conducive to the chemical reactions in the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2 and the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3.

[0080] The air filters mentioned above can also use the relevant structures in existing fuel cell systems, so they will not be described in detail here.

[0081] It is worth noting that, regarding the fuel cell system of this embodiment, based on the above exemplary embodiments, in specific implementation, as a preferred embodiment, it is still... Figure 1 As shown, it generally includes a hydrogen storage cylinder 1, a liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2, and an air-cooled fuel cell stack 3.

[0082] The hydrogen storage cylinder 1 has a liquid phase space 101 for containing liquid hydrogen and a gas phase space 102 above the liquid phase space 101. The hydrogen storage cylinder 1 is equipped with a liquid phase outlet 103 communicating with the liquid phase space 101 and a gas phase outlet 104 communicating with the gas phase space 102. The liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2 is connected to the liquid phase outlet 103 via a first hydrogen supply line 4, which is equipped with a first flow control component. The air-cooled fuel cell stack 3 is connected to the gas phase outlet 104 via a second hydrogen supply line 6, which is equipped with a second flow control component and a first hydrogen buffer tank 8. The liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2 is cooled by a coolant, while the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3 is cooled by air.

[0083] The hydrogen storage cylinder 1 is equipped with a pressure detection unit 9, which is located on the gas phase outlet 104. The gas phase outlet 104 is also connected in parallel with a venting pipe 10 and a return gas pipe 12. The venting pipe 10 is connected to the outside atmosphere and is equipped with a safety valve 11 at the end connected to the atmosphere. The return gas pipe 12 is used to connect to the hydrogen refueling station and is equipped with a first shut-off valve 13 at the connection end with the refueling station.

[0084] The second flow control component includes a switching valve 701, a second shut-off valve 702, a first pressure reducing valve 703, and a first proportional valve 704, all located on the second hydrogen supply pipeline 6. The switching valve 701 is located upstream of the first hydrogen buffer tank 8, the second shut-off valve 702 is located downstream of the first hydrogen buffer tank 8, and the first pressure reducing valve 703 and the first proportional valve 704 are located downstream of the second shut-off valve 702.

[0085] The first hydrogen supply pipeline 4 is equipped with a vaporizer 14 and a second hydrogen buffer tank 15. The first flow control component includes a third shut-off valve 501, a second pressure reducing valve 502, a second proportional valve 503, and an overflow valve 504. The third shut-off valve 501 is located between the hydrogen storage cylinder 1 and the vaporizer 14. The second pressure reducing valve 502 and the second proportional valve 503 are located downstream of the second hydrogen buffer tank 15. The overflow valve 504 is located between the third shut-off valve 501 and the vaporizer 14.

[0086] The fuel cell system also includes an air supply device 16, which includes an air filter. The air filter is connected to the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2 through a first air pipe 17 and to the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3 through a second air pipe 18. A fourth shut-off valve 19 is provided on the second air pipe 18.

[0087] In the above preferred embodiments, the specific configuration and arrangement of the hydrogen storage tank, the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2, the first flow component, and the second flow component can still be referred to the descriptions of the above exemplary embodiments. Furthermore, in this preferred embodiment, the beneficial effects brought about by the design of the hydrogen storage tank, the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2, the first flow component, and the second flow component can also be referred to the descriptions of the above exemplary embodiments.

[0088] Furthermore, the fuel cell system in this embodiment can be used in various modes, such as low demand mode, high demand mode, and parking mode, depending on the vehicle's usage requirements.

[0089] Specifically, when the power demand of the fuel cell system is low, the demand for hydrogen is also low. The first hydrogen supply line 4 is closed, and the second hydrogen supply line 6 is open. At this time, only the gaseous hydrogen generated in the hydrogen storage tank is supplied to the air-cooled stack 3 to generate electricity.

[0090] When the vehicle's fuel cell system requires a large amount of power or operates for a long time, the demand for hydrogen is also large. Both the first hydrogen supply line 4 and the second hydrogen supply line 6 are in a conductive state, and both the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3 and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2 generate electricity.

[0091] When the vehicle is parked or stationary, there is no need for hydrogen. The switch valve 701 of the second hydrogen supply line 6 is opened to introduce gaseous hydrogen into the first hydrogen buffer tank 8, and the second shut-off valve 702 is closed to prevent hydrogen from entering the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3. At this time, when the vehicle is started, the hydrogen in the buffer tank can be used to generate electricity first.

[0092] The fuel cell system of this embodiment adopts the above design. Gaseous hydrogen is delivered to the air-cooled stack 3 for processing through the second hydrogen supply pipeline 6. The setting of the second flow control component and the first hydrogen buffer tank 8 helps to regulate the flow rate of gaseous hydrogen and buffer and temporarily store the gaseous hydrogen flowing to the air-cooled stack 3, thereby improving the safety of the fuel cell system. Through the cooperation of the gas phase outlet 104, the second hydrogen supply pipeline 6, the second flow control component, the first hydrogen buffer tank 8, and the air-cooled stack 3, the recovery and recycling of liquid hydrogen vapor can be realized, solving the waste and safety problems caused by the direct emission of vapor gas, thereby improving the safety of the fuel cell system.

[0093] An embodiment of the second aspect of this application provides a vehicle in which a fuel cell system as described above is provided.

[0094] In the vehicle of this embodiment, the aforementioned fuel cell system serves as the power supply component of the vehicle and is generally electrically connected to the vehicle's electrical circuit. Furthermore, the air-cooled fuel cell stack 3 and the liquid-cooled fuel cell stack 2 of the aforementioned fuel cell system are respectively electrically connected to the corresponding parts of the vehicle via wiring harnesses.

[0095] The connection methods between the air-cooled stack 3 and the liquid-cooled stack 2 of the above fuel cell system and the vehicle can be referenced from the connection methods between the fuel cell system and the vehicle in existing vehicles, and will not be elaborated here.

[0096] The vehicle in this embodiment, through the configuration of the fuel cell system described above, can realize the recovery and recycling of liquid hydrogen vapor gas, solving the waste and safety problems caused by the direct emission of vapor gas, improving the safety of vehicle use, and thus helping to improve the quality of vehicle use.

[0097] The above descriptions are merely some embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. The technical features or structures in the foregoing different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined to form other specific technical solutions as needed. For those skilled in the art, this application can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system, characterized in that: It includes a hydrogen storage tank (1), a liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (2) cooled by a coolant, and an air-cooled fuel cell stack (3) cooled by an air. The hydrogen storage cylinder (1) has a liquid phase space (101) for containing liquid hydrogen and a gas phase space (102) above the liquid phase space (101). The hydrogen storage cylinder (1) is provided with a liquid phase outlet (103) communicating with the liquid phase space (101) and a gas phase outlet (104) communicating with the gas phase space (102). The liquid-cooled fuel cell stack (2) is connected to the liquid phase outlet (103) through the first hydrogen supply pipeline (4), and the first hydrogen supply pipeline (4) is provided with a first flow control component. The air-cooled fuel cell stack (3) is connected to the gas phase outlet (104) through the second hydrogen supply pipeline (6), and the second hydrogen supply pipeline (6) is provided with a second flow control component and a first hydrogen buffer tank (8).

2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage cylinder (1) is equipped with a pressure detection unit (9), which is used to detect the pressure in the gas phase space (102).

3. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a discharge pipeline (10); The venting pipe (10) is connected in parallel to the gas phase outlet (104), the venting pipe (10) is connected to the outside atmosphere, and a safety valve (11) is provided on the venting pipe (10).

4. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a return gas line (12); The return gas pipeline (12) is connected in parallel to the gas phase outlet (104). The return gas pipeline (12) is used to connect to the hydrogen refueling station, and a first shut-off valve (13) is provided on the return gas pipeline (12).

5. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second flow control component includes a switching valve (701) and a shut-off valve (702) disposed on the second hydrogen supply line (6). The switching valve (701) is located upstream of the first hydrogen buffer tank (8), and the second shut-off valve (702) is located downstream of the first hydrogen buffer tank (8).

6. The fuel cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second flow control component includes a first pressure reducing valve (703) and a first proportional valve (704) disposed on the second hydrogen supply line (6). The first pressure reducing valve (703) and the first proportional valve (704) are sequentially arranged downstream of the second shut-off valve (702).

7. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first hydrogen supply pipeline (4) is equipped with a vaporizer (14) and a second hydrogen buffer tank (15). The first flow control component includes a third shut-off valve (501) disposed on the first hydrogen supply line (4), the third shut-off valve (501) being located between the hydrogen storage cylinder (1) and the vaporizer (14).

8. The fuel cell system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first flow control assembly includes a second pressure reducing valve (502) and a second proportional valve (503) disposed on the first hydrogen supply line (4), the second pressure reducing valve (502) and the second proportional valve (503) being located downstream of the second hydrogen buffer tank (15); and / or, The first flow control component includes an overflow valve (504) disposed on the first hydrogen supply line (4), the overflow valve (504) being located between the third shut-off valve (501) and the vaporizer (14).

9. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It also includes an air supply unit (16); The air supply device (16) is connected to the liquid-cooled stack (2) via a first air pipe (17) and to the air-cooled stack (3) via a second air pipe (18), and a fourth shut-off valve (19) is provided on the second air pipe (18).

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle is equipped with a fuel cell system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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