Bus capacitor unit capable of realizing energy self-control release
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522289647.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-29
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-10-29
AI Technical Summary
[0004]为了解决现有母线电容能量泄放电路安全性及灵活性均较低，还会持续消耗能量，导致其效率较低且不稳定的技术问题，本实用新型提供了一种可实现能量自控泄放的母线电容单元
本实用新型提供的一种可实现能量自控泄放的母线电容单元，主要由电阻、一个Mosfet管、一个三端可编程稳压器、一个稳压二极管构成，可以解决电力电子设备、电源产品等具备容量较大的母线端口在输入下电后或者其他停止运行工况下需要进行能量泄放时的场景应用问题，实现母线电容能量泄放的需求，有效提高应用产品在维修更换和拆卸组装等场景下中的安全性和便捷性，提高工作效率，且无需实时消耗能量，不影响产品效率和温升，同时无需复杂的控制及检测电路，可以节省产品的成本和提高电路的可靠性，应用简单，具有较高的应用价值。
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Figure CN224818041U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to bus capacitors, specifically to a bus capacitor unit that can achieve self-controlled energy discharge. Background Technology
[0002] With the development of power electronics technology in industries such as industry, medicine, communications, and scientific research, the requirements for the reliability, safety, and material cost of power electronic products are becoming increasingly stringent. Product applications are becoming more flexible, and product forms are constantly being updated and upgraded, resulting in products such as modular power supply products and combined power supply products. Regarding the aforementioned requirements and product forms, the bus capacitors in these products require energy discharge pathways in certain scenarios. These scenarios may include, but are not limited to, repair and replacement, and flexible assembly applications. However, in these scenarios, existing bus capacitor energy discharge circuits have low safety and portability, and also consume energy, leading to low efficiency.
[0003] Currently, one traditional method for energy dissipation from bus capacitors is as follows: Figure 1 The method shown uses a resistor R directly connected in parallel with capacitor Cbus. This approach results in uncontrollable discharge time and logic, continuously consuming energy from the capacitor, affecting system performance during normal operation, and also causing unnecessary losses and temperature rise. Another approach is as follows... Figure 2 The control circuit shown involves connecting a relay in series with the discharge resistor R. This approach requires adding control circuitry and logic for the relay, and may also require introducing a voltage detection circuit, which increases component costs and circuit complexity, and reduces system stability. Utility Model Content
[0004] To address the technical problems of existing bus capacitor energy discharge circuits having low safety and flexibility, and continuously consuming energy, resulting in low efficiency and instability, this utility model provides a bus capacitor unit that can achieve self-controlled energy discharge.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A bus capacitor unit capable of self-controlled energy discharge is characterized by including a bus capacitor C1, voltage divider resistors R4 and R5, a three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1, an N-channel MOSFET Q1, a discharge resistor R1, a resistor R6, and a resistor R2. One end of the voltage divider resistor R4, one end of the resistor R6, and one end of the discharge resistor R1 are all connected to the positive terminal of the bus capacitor C1; The other end of the voltage divider resistor R4 is connected to one end of the voltage divider resistor R5, and is connected to the reference terminal of the three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1; The cathode of the three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1 is connected to the other end of resistor R6 and one end of resistor R2. The other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the gate of the MOSFET Q1; The drain of the MOSFET Q1 is connected to the other end of the discharge resistor R1; The other end of the voltage divider resistor R5, the anode of the three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1, the source of the MOSFET Q1, and the negative terminal of the bus capacitor C1 are all grounded.
[0006] Furthermore, it also includes resistor R3 and Zener diode D1; One end of the resistor R3 is connected to the cathode of the three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1, and the other end is grounded; The cathode of the Zener diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1, and its anode is grounded.
[0007] Furthermore, the three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1 is a TL431.
[0008] Furthermore, the discharge resistor R1 is a sliding rheostat with a resistance range of 100 ohms to 5 kiloohms.
[0009] Furthermore, the capacitance value of the bus capacitor C1 ranges from 1μF to 10mF; The resistance value of the resistor R2 is in the range of 1 ohm to 10 kiloohms; The resistance value of the resistor R3 is in the range of 10 kΩ to 1 MΩ; The resistance value of the voltage divider resistor R4 is in the range of 10 kΩ to 10 MΩ; The resistance value of the voltage divider resistor R5 is in the range of 10 ohms to 100 kilohms; The resistance value of the resistor R6 is in the range of 10 kilohms to 1 megohm.
[0010] Furthermore, the capacitance of the bus capacitor C1 is 1mF; The resistance of resistor R2 is 1 kΩ; The resistance of resistor R3 is 200 kΩ; The resistance of the voltage divider resistor R4 is 1 megohm; The resistance of the voltage divider resistor R5 is 3.9 kΩ; The resistance of resistor R6 is 600 kΩ.
[0011] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: This utility model provides a bus capacitor unit capable of self-controlled energy discharge, mainly composed of a resistor, a MOSFET, a three-terminal programmable voltage regulator, and a Zener diode. It addresses the application problem of energy discharge in scenarios involving large-capacity bus ports in power electronic equipment and power supply products after power-off or other shutdown conditions. This fulfills the energy discharge requirement of the bus capacitor, effectively improving the safety and convenience of the application product during maintenance, replacement, disassembly, and assembly, increasing work efficiency. Furthermore, it does not consume energy in real time, does not affect product efficiency or temperature rise, and eliminates the need for complex control and detection circuits, saving product costs and improving circuit reliability. Its simple application makes it highly valuable. Attached Figure Description
[0012] Figure 1 This is one of the schematic diagrams of a busbar unit for traditional energy dissipation; Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of a busbar unit for traditional energy dissipation; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a bus capacitor unit capable of self-controlled energy discharge according to this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bus capacitor unit actually applied in the rectifier system according to the embodiments of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bus capacitor unit in actual application in the embodiments of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bus capacitor unit discharging energy in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 7 This is a waveform diagram of the discharge resistor R1 with a resistance of 3 kΩ in this embodiment of the present invention. From top to bottom, the waveforms are: I_load is the load current waveform of the bus capacitor, Vbus is the bus capacitor voltage waveform, V-Q1gs is the drive waveform of MOSFET Q1, and U1_REF is the reference voltage waveform of the three-terminal programmable regulator U1. Figure 8 This is a waveform diagram of the discharge resistor R1 with a resistance of 1 kΩ in this embodiment of the present invention. From top to bottom, the waveforms are as follows: I_load is the load current waveform of the bus capacitor, Vbus is the bus capacitor voltage waveform, V-Q1gs is the driving waveform of MOSFET Q1, and U1_REF is the reference voltage waveform of the three-terminal programmable regulator U1. Detailed Implementation
[0013] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.
[0014] This utility model provides a bus capacitor unit capable of self-controlled energy discharge, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the bus capacitor unit includes a bus capacitor C1, voltage divider resistors R4 and R5, a three-terminal programmable regulator U1, an N-channel MOSFET Q1, a discharge resistor R1, a resistor R6, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, and a Zener diode D1.
[0015] Its connection method is as follows: One end of voltage divider resistor R4, one end of resistor R6, and one end of discharge resistor R1 are all connected to the positive terminal of bus capacitor C1; the other end of voltage divider resistor R4 is connected to one end of voltage divider resistor R5, and then connected to the reference terminal of three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1; the cathode of three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1 is connected to the other end of resistor R6 and one end of resistor R2; the other end of resistor R2 is connected to the gate of MOSFET Q1; the drain of MOSFET Q1 is connected to the other end of discharge resistor R1; the other end of voltage divider resistor R5, the anode of three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1, the source of MOSFET Q1, and the negative terminal of bus capacitor C1 are all grounded; one end of resistor R3 is connected to the cathode of three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1, and the other end is grounded; the cathode of Zener diode D1 is connected to the cathode of three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1, and its anode is grounded.
[0016] The three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1 is a TL431; the discharge resistor R1 is a sliding rheostat with a resistance range of 100 ohms to 5 kiloohms; the bus capacitor C1 has a capacitance range of 1 μF to 10 mF; the resistor R2 has a resistance range of 1 ohm to 10 kiloohms; the resistor R3 has a resistance range of 10 kiloohms to 1 megohm; the voltage divider resistor R4 has a resistance range of 10 kiloohms to 10 megohms; the voltage divider resistor R5 has a resistance range of 10 ohms to 100 kiloohms; and the resistor R6 has a resistance range of 10 kiloohms to 1 megohm.
[0017] In this specific embodiment, the bus capacitor C1 has a capacitance of 1mF; the resistor R2 has a resistance of 1 kΩ; the resistor R3 has a resistance of 200 kΩ; the voltage divider resistor R4 has a resistance of 1 MΩ; the voltage divider resistor R5 has a resistance of 3.9 kΩ; and the resistor R6 has a resistance of 600 kΩ.
[0018] This embodiment of the invention utilizes the adjustment characteristics of a three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1 and performs self-controlled discharge based on the actual voltage value of the bus capacitor C1. It primarily achieves self-enabled discharge when the bus capacitor C1 needs to discharge, and self-enabled shutdown discharge when it does not need to discharge.
[0019] This circuit does not require additional control or detection circuits. The discharge voltage value can be set simply by adjusting the voltage divider. This method uses the voltage of the bus capacitor C1 that needs to be discharged to be divided by two resistors (voltage divider resistor R4 and voltage divider resistor R5) and sent to the reference terminal of the three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1. The operation of the discharge circuit is controlled by adjusting the conduction and cutoff of the MOSFET Q1 in the discharge circuit through the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator U1.
[0020] When the voltage of the bus capacitor C1 drops to the required discharge voltage, this voltage is usually below the normal operating voltage fluctuation range. It can be the undervoltage protection point of the downstream circuit or the undervoltage protection point of the system power supply. This voltage will cause the voltage division of the voltage divider resistors R4 and R5 to change, making the reference pin of the three-terminal programmable regulator U1 lower than 2.5V. This triggers the regulation mechanism of TL431, causing the cathode voltage of the three-terminal programmable regulator U1 to rise to the voltage of the Zener diode, that is, the voltage after the MOSFET Q1 is turned on. Then, the discharge resistor R1 will be connected in parallel to the circuit of the bus capacitor C1 to start discharging the bus capacitor C1 until the bus voltage is discharged below the safe voltage or even close to zero volts. By adjusting the discharge resistor R1, the discharge time of the bus capacitor C1 can be adjusted to meet different discharge requirements.
[0021] When the bus voltage is higher than a certain value, i.e. when the product is working normally, the voltage divided by the voltage divider resistors R4 and R5 will be higher than 2.5V, causing the reference pin voltage of the three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1 (three-terminal voltage regulator TL431) to be higher than 2.5V. The regulation mechanism of the three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1 will cause the gate voltage of the MOSFET Q1 to drop to 2.5V or below. At this time, the circuit will not participate in the discharge operation, that is, it will not affect the efficiency and performance of the product itself.
[0022] Existing practical circuit applications, combined with Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 7As shown, the bus capacitor C1 is the bus capacitor of a certain product's rectifier, with a capacitance of 1mF. The bus voltage is 800V during normal operation, and the current source I1 is its load. The verification process shows that after the product input is powered down, the load operates to the undervoltage point of the bus voltage and then stops pulling the load. The process involves the discharge of remaining energy from the bus after the product stops operating. At this time, the resistance of the matching discharge resistor R1 is 3kΩ. The entire working process is as follows: At time 0, the system input is powered down, and the rectifier bus voltage begins to decrease under the action of the load. After 2 seconds, the voltage of bus capacitor C1 is pulled up to 640V, which is also the voltage at which the discharge circuit starts working. At this time, the load stops pulling the load, and the discharge circuit intervenes, starting to set the drive voltage of MOSFET Q1 high. After MOSFET Q1 turns on, the discharge resistor R1 is connected in parallel to the bus capacitor C1 circuit. At this time, the voltage of bus capacitor C1 discharges according to the RC discharge curve. After approximately 12 seconds, the bus voltage Vbus has been discharged below the safe voltage of 24V.
[0023] If the required discharge time needs to be adjusted, this can be achieved by changing the resistance value of the discharge resistor R1, combined with... Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, after changing the value of the discharge resistor R1 to 1 kΩ, it can be seen that under the same operating conditions, the bus voltage Vbus has been discharged to below 24V in 5.3s.
[0024] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A bus capacitor unit capable of self-controlled energy discharge, characterized in that: This includes bus capacitor C1, voltage divider resistor R4, voltage divider resistor R5, three-terminal programmable regulator U1, N-channel MOSFET Q1, discharge resistor R1, resistor R6, and resistor R2. One end of the voltage divider resistor R4, one end of the resistor R6, and one end of the discharge resistor R1 are all connected to the positive terminal of the bus capacitor C1; The other end of the voltage divider resistor R4 is connected to one end of the voltage divider resistor R5, and is connected to the reference terminal of the three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1; The cathode of the three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1 is connected to the other end of resistor R6 and one end of resistor R2. The other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the gate of the MOSFET Q1; The drain of the MOSFET Q1 is connected to the other end of the discharge resistor R1; The other end of the voltage divider resistor R5, the anode of the three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1, the source of the MOSFET Q1, and the negative terminal of the bus capacitor C1 are all grounded.
2. The bus capacitor unit capable of self-controlled energy discharge according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes resistor R3 and Zener diode D1; One end of the resistor R3 is connected to the cathode of the three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1, and the other end is grounded; The cathode of the Zener diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1, and its anode is grounded.
3. The bus capacitor unit capable of self-controlled energy discharge according to claim 2, characterized in that: The three-terminal programmable voltage regulator U1 is a TL431.
4. The bus capacitor unit capable of self-controlled energy discharge according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The discharge resistor R1 is a sliding rheostat with a resistance range of 100 ohms to 5 kilohms.
5. The bus capacitor unit capable of self-controlled energy discharge according to claim 4, characterized in that: The capacitance value of the bus capacitor C1 ranges from 1μF to 10mF; The resistance value of the resistor R2 is in the range of 1 ohm to 10 kiloohms; The resistance value of the resistor R3 is in the range of 10 kΩ to 1 MΩ; The resistance value of the voltage divider resistor R4 is in the range of 10 kΩ to 10 MΩ; The resistance value of the voltage divider resistor R5 is in the range of 10 ohms to 100 kilohms; The resistance value of the resistor R6 is in the range of 10 kilohms to 1 megohm.
6. The bus capacitor unit capable of self-controlled energy discharge according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bus capacitor C1 has a capacitance of 1mF; The resistance of resistor R2 is 1 kΩ; The resistance of resistor R3 is 200 kΩ; The resistance of the voltage divider resistor R4 is 1 megohm; The resistance of the voltage divider resistor R5 is 3.9 kΩ; The resistance of resistor R6 is 600 kilohms.