A high-precision positioning signal transceiving base station based on a UWB double antenna for an oil and gas station

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of high-precision positioning signal transceiving base station of oil and gas station based on UWB double antenna, comprising: shell, double-channel UWB antenna module, double-channel UWB radio frequency module, main control unit, battery module and signal external module;Shell is internally provided with antenna cavity, radio frequency and main control cavity and power and interface cavity sequentially distributed from top to bottom and isolated by metal shielding wall;Double-channel UWB antenna module is housed in antenna cavity, and it includes two plane end-fire circularly polarized antennas, two plane end-fire circularly polarized antennas are symmetrically arranged in V shape;Double-channel UWB radio frequency module is set in radio frequency and main control cavity, and it includes two UWB radio frequency channels;Main control unit is set in radio frequency and main control cavity, and is electrically connected with double-channel UWB radio frequency module;Battery module and signal external module are arranged side by side in power and interface cavity.The utility model can improve positioning accuracy, enhance anti-interference capability, and adapt to the special working environment of oil and gas station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of antennas, and in particular to a high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations based on UWB dual antennas. Background Technology

[0002] When personnel at existing oil and gas stations are performing positioning operations, traditional positioning systems such as GNSS and RTK, while providing positioning services in some scenarios, generally lack sufficient accuracy. GNSS systems typically have an accuracy of 3-5 meters, which cannot meet the high-precision positioning requirements of oil and gas stations; while RTK systems can provide centimeter-level accuracy, their high service fees and equipment costs limit their feasibility for large-scale applications. Secondly, these systems have weak anti-interference capabilities. Oil and gas stations often contain large equipment and buildings, which can cause signal reflection and multipath propagation, significantly reducing positioning accuracy, especially in complex environments where current technologies cannot effectively cope with such interference.

[0003] Therefore, existing technologies generally suffer from problems such as insufficient positioning accuracy, weak anti-interference ability, high cost, and poor environmental adaptability when applied to oil and gas stations. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the common problems in existing technologies used in oil and gas stations, such as insufficient positioning accuracy, weak anti-interference capability, high cost, and poor environmental adaptability. This invention provides a high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations based on UWB dual antennas, which can improve positioning accuracy, enhance anti-interference capability, and adapt to the special working environment of oil and gas stations.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention discloses a high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations based on UWB dual antennas, including: a shell, a dual-channel UWB antenna module, a dual-channel UWB radio frequency module, a main control unit, a battery module, and an external signal module; The outer casing contains an antenna cavity, a radio frequency and main control cavity, and a power supply and interface cavity, which are arranged sequentially from top to bottom and isolated by a metal shielding wall. The dual-channel UWB antenna module is housed within the antenna cavity. It includes two planar end-fire circularly polarized antennas, which are arranged symmetrically in a V-shape. The included angle between the central axes of the two planar end-fire circularly polarized antennas is 90°-120°. The dual-channel UWB RF module is located in the RF and main control cavity. It includes two UWB RF channels, each of which integrates a UWB transceiver chip, a bandpass filter and a low-noise amplifier. The main control unit is located in the radio frequency and main control cavity and is electrically connected to the dual-channel UWB radio frequency module for differential signal processing and data fusion. The battery module and the external signal module are arranged side by side in the power supply and interface cavity.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solutions, positioning accuracy can be improved, anti-interference ability can be enhanced, and the special working environment of oil and gas stations can be adapted.

[0007] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the planar end-fire circularly polarized antenna is disclosed as a multi-layer PCB structure, the PCB structure including: The top radiating patch is constructed as a tortuous line or multi-arm structure optimized by electromagnetic simulation. The top radiating patch is used to guide the surface current distribution so that the maximum radiation direction of the planar end-fire circularly polarized antenna is located in the planar direction of the top radiating patch and forms an end-fire beam to form an electric dipole. The intermediate feed layer integrates a Wilkinson power divider based on microstrip line design and a serpentine phase delay line. The intermediate feed layer is used to generate two excitation signals with equal amplitude and 90° phase difference. The bottom ground plane has a pair of centrally symmetrical C-shaped grooves etched on it to excite the formation of magnetic dipoles, which together with electric dipoles synthesize circularly polarized radiation waves.

[0008] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, a phase adjustment circuit is also integrated near the serpentine phase delay line. The phase adjustment circuit includes at least one digitally adjustable capacitor array or a PIN diode switching network. The phase adjustment circuit is used to adjust the equivalent electrical length of the serpentine phase delay line.

[0009] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the serpentine phase delay line is a three-dimensional folded structure, and blind holes or buried holes formed by laser drilling are used to set the conductor wiring of the phase delay line across multiple PCB dielectric layers, so as to enable the serpentine phase delay line to be vertically interconnected between different dielectric layers.

[0010] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, a near-field detection loop is further provided inside the antenna cavity. The near-field detection loop is integrated on one side of the antenna module and includes a phase detector, an amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter. The two input terminals of the phase detector are respectively connected to the excitation feed points of the electric dipole and the magnetic dipole, and are used to collect the phase difference between the electric dipole and the magnetic dipole and output a voltage signal. After the voltage signal is amplified by the amplifier, it is converted into a digital signal by the analog-to-digital converter and fed back to the main control unit.

[0011] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention discloses that the circuits of the two UWB radio frequency channels are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the radio frequency and the main control cavity, and an electromagnetic shielding isolation wall is provided between the radio frequency trace areas of the two UWB radio frequency channels. Each UWB RF channel's power input pin is individually connected to a low dropout linear regulator, and each power input pin is equipped with a filter capacitor.

[0012] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the main control unit includes an FPGA chip, which receives UWB signals through two UWB radio frequency channels to obtain the target position coordinates.

[0013] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the present invention discloses that the dual-channel UWB radio frequency module and the dual-channel UWB antenna module are interconnected through a miniature coaxial connector. The miniature coaxial connector is made of polytetrafluoroethylene and is fitted with a metal spring ring on its outside.

[0014] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the outer shell is made of aluminum alloy in one piece, and the outer surface of the outer shell is treated with conductive anodizing. A heat spreader is attached to the RF and main control cavity, and an array of aluminum heat dissipation fins are distributed on the heat spreader.

[0015] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, the present invention discloses that the signal external module is connected to the main control unit through a board-to-board connector; the signal external module is provided with a Mini-PCIe interface for plugging in one or more of the following: 4G / 5G communication module, LoRa module, or Beidou / GPS positioning and timing module. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 An exploded view of the high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations based on a UWB dual-antenna embodiment of this utility model is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of this utility model will be presented in conjunction with preferred embodiments, this does not mean that the features of this utility model are limited to this embodiment. On the contrary, the purpose of describing the utility model in conjunction with the embodiments is to cover other options or modifications that may be derived based on the claims of this utility model. To provide a deep understanding of this utility model, many specific details will be included in the following description. This utility model may also be implemented without using these details. Furthermore, to avoid confusion or obscuring the focus of this utility model, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other.

[0018] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0019] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that the utility model product is usually placed in during use. They are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the utility model.

[0020] In the description of this embodiment, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this embodiment based on the specific circumstances.

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the embodiments of this utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Reference Figure 1 This application provides a high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations based on UWB dual antennas, including: a shell 1, a dual-channel UWB antenna module 2, a dual-channel UWB radio frequency module 3, a main control unit 4, a battery module 5, and an external signal module 6; The outer casing 1 has an antenna cavity, a radio frequency and main control cavity, and a power supply and interface cavity arranged sequentially from top to bottom and isolated by a metal shielding wall; The dual-channel UWB antenna module 2 is housed in the antenna cavity and includes two planar end-fire circularly polarized antennas 11. The two planar end-fire circularly polarized antennas 11 are arranged in a V-shape symmetrically, and the included angle between the central axes of the two planar end-fire circularly polarized antennas 11 is 90°-120°. The dual-channel UWB RF module 3 is located in the RF and main control cavity. It includes two UWB RF channels 31, each of which integrates a UWB transceiver chip, a bandpass filter and a low-noise amplifier. The main control unit 4 is located in the radio frequency and main control cavity and is electrically connected to the dual-channel UWB radio frequency module 3 for differential signal processing and data fusion. Battery module 5 and signal external module 6 are arranged side by side in the power supply and interface cavity.

[0023] In this embodiment, the outer shell 1 has an antenna cavity, a radio frequency and main control cavity, and a power supply and interface cavity arranged sequentially from top to bottom and isolated by metal shielding walls. Each metal shielding wall is connected to the grounding structure of the outer shell 1 to form grounding continuity and block electromagnetic interference between different cavities. The metal shielding wall of the antenna cavity has a signal transmission window adapted to the antenna radiation direction. The window is covered with an insulating material with good wave transmission performance to ensure normal signal transmission and maintain shielding integrity.

[0024] The dual-channel UWB antenna module 2 is housed within the antenna cavity and includes two planar end-fire circularly polarized antennas 11. The two planar end-fire circularly polarized antennas 11 are arranged symmetrically in a V-shape, and the included angle between the central axes of the two planar end-fire circularly polarized antennas 11 is 90°-120°. Each planar end-fire circularly polarized antenna 11 adopts a multi-layer PCB stack-up structure, and the radiating patch adopts a zigzag line or multi-arm structure design to achieve ultra-wideband impedance matching and circular polarization characteristics. The feed network is connected to the radiating patch through a microstrip line and adopts a gradient transition structure to achieve impedance transformation, ensuring efficient transmission of RF signals. The ground planes of the two antennas are interconnected and connected to the metal shielding wall of the antenna cavity to form a unified ground reference plane, suppressing mutual coupling interference between antennas.

[0025] The dual-channel UWB RF module 3 is located within the RF and main control cavity. It includes two UWB RF channels 31, each of which integrates a UWB transceiver chip, a bandpass filter, and a low-noise amplifier. The UWB transceiver chip performs signal modulation and demodulation and pulse generation, supports time-division duplex mode, and can switch between signal transmission and reception within the same frequency band. The bandpass filter is connected in series between the UWB transceiver chip and the antenna to filter out interference signals outside the frequency band. The low-noise amplifier is located in the receiving link, connected between the bandpass filter and the UWB transceiver chip, to amplify weak received signals and improve receiving sensitivity. The circuit layout of the two UWB RF channels 31 adopts a symmetrical design and is separated by an isolation structure to reduce crosstalk between channels.

[0026] The main control unit 4 is located within the radio frequency and main control cavity and is electrically connected to the dual-channel UWB radio frequency module 3 for differential signal processing and data fusion. The main control unit 4 includes a microprocessor and a dedicated signal processing circuit. The microprocessor communicates with the dual-channel UWB radio frequency module 3 via a serial interface to configure the parameters and control the operating status of the radio frequency channels. The dedicated signal processing circuit receives the positioning signals output from the two UWB radio frequency channels 31, extracts the signal's timestamp, phase, and intensity characteristics, performs differential operations to eliminate common errors, and combines the spatial positional relationship of the two antennas to perform data fusion to generate three-dimensional positioning information. The main control unit 4 also integrates a storage module for caching the original signal data and processing results.

[0027] Battery module 5 and signal external module 6 are arranged side by side in the power supply and interface cavity. Battery module 5 includes a rechargeable battery and a power management circuit. The power management circuit can convert the battery voltage into the operating voltage required by each module and has overcharge, over-discharge and short circuit protection functions. Signal external module 6 includes a data interface and an expansion interface. The data interface is used to realize data interaction between the base station and external devices and supports wired communication protocols. The expansion interface can connect external sensors or auxiliary positioning devices to expand the functions of the base station. The metal shielding wall of the power supply and interface cavity is provided with an interface opening adapted to signal external module 6. The opening adopts an electromagnetic sealing structure to prevent electromagnetic leakage.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solutions, positioning accuracy can be improved, anti-interference ability can be enhanced, and the special working environment of oil and gas stations can be adapted.

[0029] In one feasible embodiment, the planar end-fire circularly polarized antenna 11 has a multi-layer PCB structure, the PCB structure including: The top radiating patch is constructed as a tortuous line or multi-arm structure optimized by electromagnetic simulation. The top radiating patch is used to guide the surface current distribution so that the maximum radiation direction of the planar end-fire circularly polarized antenna 11 is located in the planar direction of the top radiating patch and forms an end-fire beam to form an electric dipole. The intermediate feed layer integrates a Wilkinson power divider based on microstrip line design and a serpentine phase delay line. The intermediate feed layer is used to generate two excitation signals with equal amplitude and 90° phase difference. The bottom ground plane has a pair of centrally symmetrical C-shaped grooves etched on it to excite the formation of magnetic dipoles, which together with electric dipoles synthesize circularly polarized radiation waves.

[0030] In this embodiment, the top radiating patch adopts a tortuous line or multi-arm structure optimized by electromagnetic simulation. By adjusting the tortuous line density, arm length ratio, and branch angle, the surface current path is extended to match the ultra-wideband operating frequency band. Its edge design features a gradually transitioning structure to reduce impedance abrupt changes and achieve good impedance matching over a wide frequency band. This structure guides the current to flow mainly along the plane of the radiating patch, ensuring that the maximum radiation direction is consistent with the patch plane, forming typical end-fire characteristics and establishing the basis for the antenna's electric dipole radiation.

[0031] The Wilkinson power divider in the intermediate feed layer employs a microstrip line branch structure to equally distribute the input signal into two outputs, ensuring amplitude consistency between the two signals through symmetrical design. The serpentine phase delay line, by precisely designing the total length difference of the microstrip lines, utilizes the propagation delay of electromagnetic waves within the microstrip lines to create a stable 90° phase difference between the two signals. The outputs of the power divider and the phase delay line are connected to different feed points of the top-layer radiating patch via microstrip lines, forming orthogonal excitation and providing the phase condition for circular polarization characteristics. The linewidth of the microstrip lines is designed according to impedance matching requirements to ensure low-loss signal transmission in the feed network.

[0032] The bottom ground plane has a pair of C-shaped slots arranged symmetrically with opposite slot orientations, forming a closed loop structure of specific dimensions through etching. When the top radiating patch forms an electric dipole, its alternating electric field induces a ring current in the C-shaped slots of the bottom ground plane, thereby exciting a magnetic dipole. The electric and magnetic dipoles are spatially perpendicular, and the phase design of the feed network maintains a 90° phase difference between their radiation fields, satisfying the orthogonal field conditions for circularly polarized radiation, and together synthesizing a stable circularly polarized radiation wave. The entire ground plane is conductive to the metal shielding wall of the antenna cavity, forming a unified ground reference, while suppressing back radiation and enhancing the radiation intensity in the end-fire direction.

[0033] The multilayer PCB structure achieves electrical connections between layers through metallized vias, with via locations avoiding major current paths to reduce interference. The interlayer dielectric uses a low-loss, high-frequency substrate material to reduce signal transmission loss, ensuring efficient collaboration between layers and enabling the antenna to maintain stable end-fire characteristics and circular polarization performance over the ultra-wideband range.

[0034] In one feasible embodiment, a phase adjustment circuit is also integrated near the serpentine phase delay line. The phase adjustment circuit includes at least one digitally adjustable capacitor array or a PIN diode switching network. The phase adjustment circuit is used to adjust the equivalent electrical length of the serpentine phase delay line.

[0035] In this embodiment, the phase adjustment circuit adjusts the equivalent electrical length of the serpentine phase delay line using a digitally adjustable capacitor array or a PIN diode switching network. When a digitally adjustable capacitor array is used as a component of the phase adjustment circuit, the array consists of multiple independently controllable capacitor units, which are connected to the microstrip line of the serpentine phase delay line via switches. Each capacitor unit has a different capacitance value. The main control unit 4 selectively turns these capacitor units on or off using I2C control signals based on a preset algorithm or real-time monitoring of the antenna's operating state, thereby changing the equivalent capacitance value connected to the serpentine phase delay line. Since capacitance affects the electrical characteristics of the microstrip line, the change in the equivalent capacitance value, based on the relationship between capacitance and electrical length, can dynamically fine-tune the equivalent electrical length of the serpentine phase delay line, thereby precisely adjusting the phase difference between the two excitation signals output by the feed network. In the process of circular polarization radiation, precise control of phase difference plays a key role in optimizing the circular polarization axial ratio. Through this dynamic fine-tuning, phase deviations caused by environmental changes, component aging, and other factors can be compensated in real time during antenna operation, maintaining a better circular polarization axial ratio and improving the antenna's polarization purity and radiation performance.

[0036] If a PIN diode switching network is used as the phase adjustment circuit, the PIN diodes exhibit different impedance characteristics under forward and reverse bias conditions. The PIN diode switching network consists of multiple PIN diodes connected at key nodes of a serpentine phase delay line according to a specific topology. The bias state of the PIN diodes is controlled by an I2C control signal from the main control unit 4. When the PIN diodes are forward biased, it is equivalent to connecting a low-resistance path on the microstrip line, while reverse bias is equivalent to connecting a high-resistance open circuit or a large capacitive load, thus changing the local equivalent circuit structure of the serpentine phase delay line. This change in equivalent circuit structure affects the transmission characteristics of the microstrip line, causing its equivalent electrical length to change, thereby achieving dynamic adjustment of the phase difference between the two excitation signals. Similar to a digitally adjustable capacitor array, the fine-tuning of the equivalent electrical length of the phase delay line using a PIN diode switching network can optimize the circular polarization axial ratio in real time, ensuring that the antenna maintains stable and good circular polarization radiation under different operating conditions, enhancing the antenna's adaptability and anti-interference capability in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0037] The phase adjustment circuit formed by the combination of digitally adjustable capacitor array or PIN diode switching network and serpentine phase delay line provides a flexible and effective means for online optimization of the circular polarization axial ratio of the planar end-fire circularly polarized antenna 11, further improving the positioning accuracy and reliability of the entire UWB dual-antenna-based high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations.

[0038] In one feasible embodiment, the serpentine phase delay line is a three-dimensional folded structure, with blind or buried vias formed by laser drilling to allow the conductor wiring of the phase delay line to be arranged across multiple PCB dielectric layers, thereby enabling the serpentine phase delay line to be vertically interconnected between different dielectric layers.

[0039] In this embodiment, the three-dimensional folded structure distributes the conductor wiring of the phase delay line across multiple PCB dielectric layers. Wiring between adjacent dielectric layers is vertically electrically connected via blind vias (connecting only the surface layer and a specific inner layer) or buried vias (connecting only different inner layers), forming a three-dimensional folded serpentine path. This design overcomes the two-dimensional layout limitations of traditional planar serpentine lines, significantly increasing the total physical length of the conductor wiring within the same planar area. By transferring some wiring to different dielectric layers in the vertical direction, it is equivalent to extending the wiring path in three-dimensional space, satisfying the phase delay required for ultra-wideband signal transmission within a limited planar dimension.

[0040] Meanwhile, the three-dimensional folded structure effectively compresses the overall profile height of the antenna: by increasing the wiring length through interlayer folding rather than planar expansion, it avoids the problem of increased antenna planar size or profile height caused by traditional planar serpentine lines in pursuit of sufficient length. The thickness of the multilayer dielectric layers can be selected according to the signal transmission loss requirements, and in conjunction with low-loss substrate materials, ensures the signal integrity of cross-layer connections.

[0041] Furthermore, the routing of cross-layer wiring has been optimized through electromagnetic simulation to avoid excessive coupling between adjacent layers; the positions of blind and buried vias avoid areas with high current density, reducing impedance discontinuities and ensuring the stability of the phase delay. This design enables the serpentine phase delay line to achieve the intended phase adjustment function while significantly improving the space utilization of the antenna structure, laying the foundation for the miniaturization of the entire planar end-fire circularly polarized antenna 11.

[0042] In one feasible embodiment, a near-field detection loop is also provided inside the antenna cavity. The near-field detection loop is integrated on one side of the antenna module and includes a phase detector, an amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter. The two input terminals of the phase detector are respectively connected to the excitation feed points of the electric dipole and the magnetic dipole to collect the phase difference between the electric dipole and the magnetic dipole and output a voltage signal. After the voltage signal is amplified by the amplifier, it is converted into a digital signal by the analog-to-digital converter and fed back to the main control unit 4.

[0043] In this embodiment, the near-field detection loop is integrated on one side of the antenna module and works closely with the electric dipole and magnetic dipole of the planar end-fire circularly polarized antenna 11. The phase detector has its two input terminals connected to the excitation feed points of the electric dipole and magnetic dipole, respectively, and can capture the phase difference information exhibited by the electric dipole and magnetic dipole during the generation of the radiation field in real time.

[0044] The phase detector, based on its internal phase comparison circuit structure, performs phase comparison analysis on two signals from the excitation feed points of an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole. The phase detector can then convert the phase difference between the two signals into a corresponding voltage signal output.

[0045] The amplifier employs a high-gain, low-noise amplifier circuit design to linearly amplify the voltage signal output from the phase detector, ensuring that the amplified signal accurately reflects the actual phase difference between the electric and magnetic dipoles. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) samples and quantizes the amplified voltage signal according to sampling rules, converting it into a digital signal. This digital signal reflects the current phase difference between the electric and magnetic dipoles and is then stably fed back to the main control unit 4 via corresponding communication lines.

[0046] Specifically, the phase detector adopts a wideband balanced structure design, and its input is equipped with an impedance matching network to ensure that the impedance characteristics are consistent with those of the electric dipole and magnetic dipole excitation feed points, reducing reflection loss during signal transmission. To improve phase detection resolution, the phase detector incorporates a phase-to-voltage conversion calibration circuit. Through a preset phase difference-voltage correspondence curve, it linearly converts the phase difference within a ±180° range into a 0-3V DC voltage signal, where a 90° phase difference corresponds to a reference voltage value (e.g., 1.5V). Each 1° phase deviation corresponds to a voltage change of approximately 8.3mV, ensuring that minute phase deviations can be effectively captured.

[0047] The amplifier employs a programmable gain design, and the main control unit 4 can dynamically adjust the amplification factor (e.g., adjustable from 10 to 100 times) according to the signal strength. When the phase difference is close to 90°, it uses a high-gain mode to amplify weak deviation signals, and switches to a low-gain mode to avoid signal saturation when the deviation is large. At the same time, high-frequency noise is suppressed by the filter capacitor 33, ensuring that the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal is better than 40dB. The analog-to-digital converter uses 12-bit resolution, and the sampling frequency is set to more than 10 times the RF signal frequency. Oversampling technology is used to further improve the quantization accuracy, enabling the phase difference detection resolution to reach the 0.1° level.

[0048] The main control unit 4 has a built-in control algorithm that uses a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control strategy and includes three layers of adjustment logic: Coarse adjustment stage: When the phase difference deviates from 90° by more than 5°, the algorithm starts the fast adjustment mode, outputs the maximum amplitude control command according to the direction of deviation, drives the variable phase shifting component to complete the step adjustment of capacitor / inductor within 10ms, and quickly reduces the phase deviation; Fine-tuning stage: When the phase difference is in the range of 1°-5°, switch to proportional adjustment mode, control the command amplitude to be linearly proportional to the deviation, and achieve gradual convergence of the phase difference through small step adjustment; Steady-state maintenance phase: When the phase difference is stable within ±1°, the integral compensation mechanism is activated to continuously output small correction commands to offset the slow phase drift caused by changes in ambient temperature (such as within the operating range of -40°C to 85°C), ensuring long-term stability.

[0049] The algorithm incorporates a temperature compensation model, which reads temperature sensor data from the radio frequency and main control cavity to pre-correct the phase adjustment amount. For example, when the temperature rises by 10°C, the corresponding capacitance value is increased in advance based on the temperature coefficient of the dielectric constant of the dielectric material to compensate for the natural attenuation of the phase delay and reduce the response time of the closed-loop regulation.

[0050] The digitally adjustable capacitor array employs 8-bit control precision and comprises 16 independent capacitor units (capacitance range 1pF-32pF). It achieves continuous capacitance adjustment in 0.5pF steps through binary weighted combination, with a total adjustment range covering 1pF-511.5pF and a corresponding phase adjustment range of ±30°. Each capacitor unit is equipped with an independent ESD protection circuit to prevent parameter drift caused by high-frequency signal impacts.

[0051] The PIN diode switching network employs a three-stage series topology, with each stage containing two anti-parallel PIN diodes. By switching three microstrip line branches of preset lengths (length differences corresponding to 5°, 10°, and 20° phase differences respectively) through different combinations, it achieves discrete phase adjustment in 5° steps. This complements the continuous adjustment of the digitally adjustable capacitor array, balancing both adjustment range and accuracy. The control terminal of the switching network is equipped with a level conversion circuit, converting the 3.3V logic signal output from the main control unit 4 into the ±5V bias voltage required by the PIN diodes, ensuring rapid switching of the switching state (response time less than 1μs).

[0052] The system is set to an adjustment frequency of 100Hz, meaning it completes a "detection-calculation-adjustment" cycle every 10ms to ensure that phase jumps caused by sudden electromagnetic interference (such as instantaneous deviations of up to 15°) can be restored to a stable range within 3 cycles. When a phase difference exceeding ±10° is detected five consecutive times and the adjustment is ineffective, the system automatically triggers a fault-tolerant mechanism: pausing the current adjustment process, switching to the backup phase shift line channel, and sending an alarm message to the external control system through the signal external module 6. At the same time, the preset safety phase parameters are activated to ensure that the basic working performance of the antenna is not affected.

[0053] This negative feedback closed-loop control system, through the coordination of high-precision detection, intelligent algorithm adjustment and reliable actuators, keeps the phase difference between the electric dipole and the magnetic dipole stable within the range of 90°±0.5° for a long time. This significantly improves the circular polarization purity (axial ratio ≤3dB) and environmental adaptability of the planar end-fire circularly polarized antenna 11, providing a higher-precision signal transmission and reception foundation for UWB positioning base stations.

[0054] In one feasible embodiment, the circuits of the two UWB RF channels 31 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the RF axis and the main control cavity axis, and an electromagnetic shielding isolation wall is provided between the RF trace areas of the two UWB RF channels 31. Each UWB RF channel 31 has its power input pin individually connected to a low dropout linear regulator 32, and each power input pin is equipped with a filter capacitor 33.

[0055] In this embodiment, the circuits of the two UWB RF channels 31 are symmetrically distributed with reference to the central axis of the RF and the main control cavity. The positions and wiring of core components such as RF chips, filters, and amplifiers are strictly symmetrical, so that the electromagnetic environment and signal transmission path of the two channels are consistent, reducing the performance deviation caused by layout differences from a physical structure perspective.

[0056] An electromagnetic shielding isolation wall, integrated with a metal shielding wall, is installed between the RF trace areas of the two RF channels. This isolation wall, made of metal, extends to the top inner wall of the RF and main control cavities, forming a complete longitudinal barrier to block direct electromagnetic wave coupling between the two channels. The isolation wall is reliably connected to the cavity's grounding structure, forming a zero-potential reference plane, suppressing crosstalk between channels to below -60dB, ensuring that weak received signals are not interfered with by signals transmitted from adjacent channels.

[0057] Each UWB RF channel 31 has an independent low-dropout linear regulator 32 (LDO) on its power input pin, achieving complete isolation of the power supply lines. The LDO employs a low-noise architecture, with its output voltage adjusted according to the RF chip's operating requirements and featuring fast transient response characteristics to suppress power fluctuations caused by channel transmit / receive state switching. The inputs of both LDOs are connected to the main power bus of the power supply and interface cavity, but are introduced through their respective independent power supply lines to avoid noise conduction between power supply loops.

[0058] At the power input pin of each RF channel, a multi-stage filter capacitor network 33 is set up: including a high-frequency ceramic capacitor (for filtering high-frequency noise above 100MHz) and an electrolytic capacitor (for suppressing low-frequency ripple), both connected in parallel between the power pin and the ground terminal. The filter capacitor 33 is placed close to the power pin of the RF chip, shortening the discharge path of high-frequency noise. Together with the distributed capacitance formed by the power plane and ground plane in the PCB layout, it further reduces the impact of power supply noise on the RF signal, ensuring the stable operation of sensitive circuits such as the local oscillator and mixer.

[0059] Through symmetrical layout, physical separation by electromagnetic isolation walls, and electrical isolation by independent power supply and filtering design, the two UWB RF channels 31 can achieve low crosstalk and high consistency operation in a compact space, providing high-quality raw signals for the differential signal processing of the subsequent main control unit 4, and improving the overall performance of the positioning base station.

[0060] In one feasible embodiment, the main control unit 4 includes an FPGA chip that receives UWB signals through two UWB radio frequency channels 31 to obtain the target location coordinates.

[0061] In this embodiment, the FPGA chip implements high-speed signal processing and algorithm operation through hardware logic. The FPGA chip includes a differential signal processing module and a data fusion algorithm module. The differential signal processing module adopts a parallel pipeline architecture to synchronously process the digital intermediate frequency signals input from the two UWB RF channels 31. Digital downconversion: A local oscillator signal synchronized with the received signal carrier is generated by a digitally controlled oscillator and mixed with the input signal to downconvert the high-frequency signal to baseband. Simultaneously, redundant data is removed through decimation filtering, reducing the amount of data processed subsequently. The downconversion circuit parameters of the two channels are kept consistent to ensure signal processing symmetry.

[0062] Correlation calculation: A built-in matched filter and sliding correlator perform correlation calculations between the down-converted baseband signal and a locally preset UWB pulse template, determining the signal arrival time by detecting the correlation peak. To address spurious peaks caused by multipath effects, a peak filtering algorithm is employed to retain the most energetic and effective peaks that conform to pulse width characteristics.

[0063] Timestamp Extraction: Based on the FPGA's internal high-precision clock (such as a counter driven by a 100MHz crystal oscillator), the current clock count is latched when a valid correlation peak is detected, generating a timestamp with nanosecond-level precision. Simultaneously, the signal amplitude information at that moment is recorded, providing a basis for subsequent signal strength analysis.

[0064] The module also integrates channel consistency calibration logic, which calculates the inherent deviations in signal delay and gain between the two channels by periodically transmitting calibration pulses, and compensates for them in real time to ensure the accuracy of differential operations.

[0065] The data fusion algorithm module is based on hardware acceleration of the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and includes three core components: state prediction, observation update, and covariance correction. State prediction: Based on the target position, velocity and other state variables of the previous moment, combined with the preset motion model (such as uniform linear motion model), predict the state estimate of the current moment and update the state covariance matrix.

[0066] Observation Update: The timestamps extracted from the two channels are converted into distance measurements (based on the propagation speed of the UWB signal). Combined with the distance attenuation factor derived from signal strength and the dual-antenna angle information (based on the angle-of-arrival algorithm), a multi-dimensional observation vector is constructed. The Kalman gain is calculated using the EKF observation equation to correct the predicted state.

[0067] Weighted fusion: Weights are dynamically assigned based on the noise characteristics of different observations (timestamp noise, signal strength noise, angle noise), with observations having higher noise variance receiving lower weights. For example, when the signal strength of a certain channel drops sharply, the proportion of its distance measurement in the fusion is automatically reduced, improving system fault tolerance.

[0068] The module incorporates a trajectory smoothing filter that performs a moving average on the continuously output position coordinates, filtering out positioning jumps caused by sudden noise. It also reserves an external interface, allowing the microprocessor in the main control unit 4 to dynamically update the EKF's process noise covariance and observation noise covariance parameters, adapting to positioning needs in different scenarios.

[0069] The FPGA chip executes the above processing flow in parallel through hardware logic, keeping the total latency of a single signal processing and data fusion process within microseconds, thus meeting real-time positioning requirements. The collaborative work of the two modules fully leverages the spatial diversity advantage of the dual-antenna channels. Combined with advanced filtering algorithms, the final output target position coordinates effectively suppress the influence of error sources such as multipath interference and clock drift, achieving centimeter-level positioning accuracy.

[0070] In one feasible embodiment, the dual-channel UWB radio frequency module 3 and the dual-channel UWB antenna module 2 are interconnected via a miniature coaxial connector made of polytetrafluoroethylene and fitted with a metal spring ring on the outside.

[0071] In this embodiment, the inner core and outer conductor of the miniature coaxial connector correspond to the signal output terminal and ground terminal of the dual-channel UWB RF module 3, and the feed port and ground layer of the dual-channel UWB antenna module 2, respectively, forming a complete signal transmission path and grounding loop. The insulating medium of the miniature coaxial connector is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which can effectively reduce signal transmission attenuation in the ultra-wideband frequency band, avoid signal distortion caused by dielectric dispersion, and ensure the waveform integrity of the UWB pulse signal.

[0072] The metal spring coil surrounding the miniature coaxial connector is made of beryllium copper and, after elastic treatment, possesses excellent extensibility. When the miniature coaxial connector is inserted into the corresponding interface, both ends of the spring coil make tight contact with the metal shielding walls of the RF and main control cavities and the antenna cavity, respectively, forming a continuous conductive path. This ensures reliable grounding of the two cavities through the spring coil, guaranteeing overall grounding continuity. Simultaneously, the metal spring coil forms a ring-shaped electromagnetic barrier between the miniature coaxial connector and the cavity. Its conductivity confines electromagnetic radiation around the connector within the shielding area, blocking electromagnetic leakage paths across the cavities and enhancing the electromagnetic shielding effect at the connection point of the two modules.

[0073] The miniature coaxial connector features a positioning groove and boss structure at the insertion / removal interface to ensure the alignment accuracy of the inner core and outer conductor during each connection, reducing fluctuations in contact impedance. Furthermore, the interface edge employs a stepped sealing design, combined with the elastic clamping force of the spring ring, further enhancing the structural stability and shielding integrity of the connection point. This keeps the insertion loss of the connection node below 0.5dB and the isolation better than 50dB, meeting the stringent requirements of ultra-wideband signal transmission.

[0074] In one feasible embodiment, the housing 1 is made of a single piece of aluminum alloy, and the outer surface of the housing 1 is treated with conductive anodizing. A heat spreader is attached to the RF and main control cavity, and an array of aluminum heat dissipation fins are distributed on the heat spreader.

[0075] In this embodiment, the outer shell 1 is made of aluminum alloy and manufactured by an integral molding process, which gives the outer shell 1 mechanical strength and can protect the internal modules from external physical impact and compression, ensuring the structural stability of the entire positioning signal transceiver base station under different usage environments.

[0076] The outer surface, treated with conductive anodizing, forms a dense and highly hard oxide film on the aluminum alloy surface. This oxide film enhances the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the outer casing 1, extending its service life and further improving its surface conductivity. When the equipment is in a complex electromagnetic environment, the outer casing 1 can better serve as electromagnetic shielding, preventing external electromagnetic interference from entering the interior and affecting the normal operation of each module, while also preventing internal electromagnetic radiation from interfering with the outside world.

[0077] Corresponding to the positions of the dual-channel UWB RF module 3 and the main control unit 4, these two modules generate a significant amount of heat during operation. To ensure their stable and reliable operation, efficient heat dissipation measures are required. The inner wall of the outer casing 1 is tightly bonded to the heat spreader plate with thermally conductive silicone grease. The thermally conductive silicone grease has a high thermal conductivity, which can effectively fill any tiny gaps that may exist between the outer casing 1 and the heat spreader plate, greatly reducing the contact thermal resistance and allowing heat to be quickly and smoothly conducted from the module to the heat spreader plate.

[0078] The vapor chamber utilizes heat conduction technology, typically incorporating a special microchannel or heat pipe structure to rapidly and evenly distribute received heat across its surface, preventing localized overheating. The array of aluminum heat dissipation fins on the vapor chamber's upper surface further enhances heat dissipation. These fins increase the heat dissipation surface area, allowing heat to dissipate into the surrounding air more quickly. Furthermore, the heat dissipation fins penetrate the top of the outer casing 1, directly contacting the outside air and forming an effective heat exchange channel. When the outside air flows (e.g., natural wind or forced air cooling from the device's built-in fan), heat is continuously carried away by the airflow, ensuring that the dual-channel UWB RF module 3 and the main control unit 4 operate within a suitable temperature range. This effectively improves the overall reliability and stability of the device and extends the lifespan of critical modules.

[0079] In one feasible embodiment, the signal external module 6 is connected to the main control unit 4 via a board-to-board connector; the signal external module 6 is provided with a Mini-PCIe interface 7 for connecting one or more of the following: 4G / 5G communication module, LoRa module, or Beidou / GPS positioning and timing module.

[0080] In this embodiment, the external signal module 6 is connected to the main control unit 4 via a board-to-board connector. The board-to-board connector uses a pin design to ensure the reliability and stability of the electrical connection between the main control unit 4 and the external signal module 6. The pin spacing meets the requirements of high-speed signal transmission and also provides pluggable / removable capability, facilitating device assembly and subsequent maintenance. Moreover, the connector design incorporates a shielding structure around the pins to reduce electromagnetic interference during signal transmission, ensuring the accuracy of data interaction. This allows the main control unit 4 to send control commands to the external signal module 6 and receive various types of feedback information from the external module.

[0081] The Mini-PCIe interface 7 on the external signal module 6 provides strong support for the diversified expansion of device functions.

[0082] 4G / 5G communication module access: When a 4G / 5G communication module is inserted, the base station can use the mobile network to achieve remote data transmission, sending location data and other relevant information to a remote server or other terminal device in real time, which facilitates remote monitoring and data analysis for users.

[0083] LoRa Module Access: LoRa modules are characterized by low power consumption and long-distance transmission. After connecting a LoRa module, the base station can communicate with other devices that also carry LoRa communication functions, extending the communication distance and range. It can be used to build a distributed positioning network to realize the interaction and collaborative work of positioning data between different areas.

[0084] BeiDou / GPS Positioning and Timing Module Integration: After inserting the BeiDou / GPS positioning and timing module, the base station, in addition to its own UWB-based positioning function, can also acquire high-precision location information and accurate timing signals from the satellite navigation system. This not only helps to further improve positioning accuracy, but also provides a unified time reference for the entire system by fusing and calibrating the data from the two positioning methods, ensuring that all base stations and connected devices remain synchronized in time.

[0085] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the above description is a further detailed explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and should not be construed as limiting the specific implementation of the present invention to these descriptions. Those skilled in the art can make various changes in form and detail, including some simple deductions or substitutions, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations based on UWB dual antennas, characterized in that, include: The package includes a housing, a dual-channel UWB antenna module, a dual-channel UWB RF module, a main control unit, a battery module, and an external signal module. The outer casing contains an antenna cavity, a radio frequency and main control cavity, and a power supply and interface cavity, which are arranged sequentially from top to bottom and isolated by a metal shielding wall. The dual-channel UWB antenna module is housed within the antenna cavity and includes two planar end-fire circularly polarized antennas. The two planar end-fire circularly polarized antennas are arranged symmetrically in a V-shape, and the included angle between the central axes of the two planar end-fire circularly polarized antennas is 90°-120°. The dual-channel UWB RF module is disposed in the RF and main control cavity, and includes two UWB RF channels. Each UWB RF channel integrates a UWB transceiver chip, a bandpass filter and a low-noise amplifier. The main control unit is located within the radio frequency and main control cavity and is electrically connected to the dual-channel UWB radio frequency module for differential signal processing and data fusion. The battery module and the external signal module are arranged side by side in the power supply and interface cavity.

2. The high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations based on UWB dual antennas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The planar end-fire circularly polarized antenna has a multi-layer PCB structure, which includes: The top radiating patch is constructed as a tortuous line or multi-arm structure optimized by electromagnetic simulation. The top radiating patch is used to guide the surface current distribution so that the maximum radiation direction of the planar end-fire circularly polarized antenna is located in the planar direction of the top radiating patch and forms an end-fire beam to form an electric dipole. An intermediate feed layer is integrated with a Wilkinson power divider based on microstrip line design and a serpentine phase delay line. The intermediate feed layer is used to generate two excitation signals with equal amplitude and 90° phase difference. The bottom ground plane has a pair of centrally symmetrical C-shaped grooves etched on it to excite the formation of magnetic dipoles, which together with the electric dipoles synthesize circularly polarized radiation waves.

3. The high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations based on UWB dual antennas as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A phase adjustment circuit is also integrated near the serpentine phase delay line. The phase adjustment circuit includes at least one digitally adjustable capacitor array or a PIN diode switching network. The phase adjustment circuit is used to adjust the equivalent electrical length of the serpentine phase delay line.

4. The high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations based on UWB dual antennas as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The serpentine phase delay line has a three-dimensional folded structure. Blind or buried vias formed by laser drilling are used to set the conductor wiring of the phase delay line across multiple PCB dielectric layers, so as to enable the serpentine phase delay line to be vertically interconnected between different dielectric layers.

5. The high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations based on UWB dual antennas as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The antenna cavity is also equipped with a near-field detection loop, which is integrated on one side of the antenna module. The near-field detection loop includes a phase detector, an amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter. The two input terminals of the phase detector are respectively connected to the excitation feed points of the electric dipole and the magnetic dipole, and are used to collect the phase difference between the electric dipole and the magnetic dipole and output a voltage signal. The voltage signal is amplified by the amplifier, converted into a digital signal by the analog-to-digital converter, and fed back to the main control unit.

6. The high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations based on UWB dual antennas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The circuits of the two UWB radio frequency channels are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the radio frequency and the main control cavity, and an electromagnetic shielding isolation wall is provided between the radio frequency trace areas of the two UWB radio frequency channels. Each of the UWB RF channels has its power input pin individually connected to a low dropout linear regulator, and each power input pin is equipped with a filter capacitor.

7. The high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations based on UWB dual antennas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The main control unit includes an FPGA chip, which receives UWB signals through two UWB radio frequency channels to obtain the target position coordinates.

8. The high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations based on UWB dual antennas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-channel UWB radio frequency module and the dual-channel UWB antenna module are interconnected via a miniature coaxial connector. The miniature coaxial connector is made of polytetrafluoroethylene and has a metal spring ring on its outside.

9. The high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations based on UWB dual antennas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer shell is made of aluminum alloy in one piece, and the outer surface of the outer shell is treated with conductive anodizing. A heat spreader plate is attached to the radio frequency and main control cavity, and aluminum heat dissipation fins are arrayed on the heat spreader plate.

10. The high-precision positioning signal transceiver base station for oil and gas stations based on UWB dual antennas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal external module is connected to the main control unit via a board-to-board connector; the signal external module is provided with a Mini-PCIe interface for connecting one or more of the following: 4G / 5G communication module, LoRa module, or Beidou / GPS positioning and timing module.

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