Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of battery manufacturing, and provides a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module of the application comprises a water-blocking film, a flexible perovskite battery piece, an encapsulating adhesive film and a backboard glass which are sequentially stacked in a light entering direction, the flexible perovskite battery piece is sealed and encapsulated between the water-blocking film and the encapsulating adhesive film, the water-blocking film completely covers the flexible perovskite battery piece, and the four peripheral edges of the water-blocking film are bonded to the backboard glass. The photovoltaic module disclosed by the application optimizes the structural design of the photovoltaic module, reduces the overall cost of the photovoltaic module, and reduces the weight to realize lightweight design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery manufacturing technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Perovskite photovoltaic modules have become a key research focus in the photovoltaic field due to their advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and flexibility. However, the encapsulation stability and reliability of perovskite are important considerations in photovoltaic module design.

[0003] Currently, perovskite solar cells face technical challenges in building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) applications due to high cost and weight. Common perovskite photovoltaic modules in this field often employ a three-layer glass encapsulation, including a front panel, a perovskite layer, and a back panel, all encapsulated with an encapsulating film. This is because the curvature of existing ultra-thin tempered glass (less than 3mm thick) does not meet the requirements for coating the transparent conductive film. Therefore, the substrate for perovskite solar cells is typically transparent conductive glass, which is not tempered. However, transparent conductive glass has relatively poor hardness, so when used in BIPV products, a tempered glass layer must be added to both the front and back sides of the transparent conductive glass, forming a triple-glass structure. This structure increases the cost and weight of the photovoltaic module, hindering lightweight design. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, this application aims to propose a photovoltaic module that can reduce the cost and weight of the photovoltaic module to achieve a lightweight design.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this application is implemented as follows: A photovoltaic module includes a water-blocking film, a flexible perovskite solar cell, an encapsulating film, and a backsheet glass stacked sequentially along the light-incident direction. The flexible perovskite solar cell is sealed between the water-blocking film and the encapsulating film. The water-blocking film completely covers the flexible perovskite solar cell, and the four edges of the water-blocking film are bonded to the backsheet glass.

[0006] Furthermore, the light-incident surface of the flexible perovskite solar cell is provided with a color layer, which includes dispersed high-refractive-index nanoparticles and colored glaze particles.

[0007] Furthermore, the flexible perovskite solar cell includes a flexible substrate and a perovskite solar cell chip disposed on the flexible substrate, the flexible substrate being disposed facing the light incident surface, and at least some nanoparticles and colored glaze particles being embedded in the flexible substrate of the flexible perovskite solar cell.

[0008] Furthermore, the flexible substrate is a transparent adhesive film layer or a transparent aluminum oxide layer.

[0009] Furthermore, the nanoparticles are titanium dioxide nanoparticles and / or silicon dioxide nanoparticles.

[0010] Furthermore, the particle size D of the nanoparticles satisfies: 50nm≤D≤100μm.

[0011] Furthermore, a front panel glass is provided on the light-incident side of the water-blocking film, and an encapsulating adhesive is provided at the edge area between the front panel glass and the back panel glass. The encapsulating adhesive bonds the front panel glass and the back panel glass. The water-blocking film, the flexible perovskite solar cell, and the encapsulating adhesive film are located in the encapsulation area between the front panel glass and the back panel glass.

[0012] Furthermore, at least one of the front glass and the back glass is tempered glass or semi-tempered glass.

[0013] Furthermore, the light-incident side of the water-blocking membrane is provided with a patterned structure, which can be any one of a raised dot structure, a wave structure, a concave dot structure, a grid structure, or a patterned structure.

[0014] Furthermore, an ETFE film layer is provided on the light-incident side of the water-blocking membrane, and the pattern structure is formed on the ETFE film layer.

[0015] Compared with related technologies, this application has the following advantages: (1) The photovoltaic module described in this application optimizes the structural design of the photovoltaic module by placing the flexible perovskite cell between the water-blocking film and the encapsulating film, and making the water-blocking film completely cover the cell and adhere it to the back glass. This reduces the redundant structure in the conventional design, ensures the lightweight design, reduces the cost of the photovoltaic module, and can effectively block external moisture and humidity from entering the cell, ensuring the photovoltaic module has good stability, improving the service life of the photovoltaic module, reducing the overall cost of the photovoltaic module and reducing the weight to achieve lightweighting, thus broadening its applicable scenarios in BIPV.

[0016] (2) By providing a color layer on the light-incident surface of the perovskite solar cell, light can be refracted, giving the photovoltaic module a rich selection of colors, improving the appearance of the photovoltaic module, so that while meeting basic functions, it can better integrate into the building exterior and surrounding environment, thus helping to improve the quality of photovoltaic module use.

[0017] (3) By including a flexible substrate and a perovskite cell in the flexible perovskite cell, it is easier to arrange and form the color layer. Furthermore, the embedding of nanoparticles and colored glaze particles into the flexible substrate can enhance the bonding stability between the color layer and the flexible substrate, which helps to improve the durability of the appearance of the photovoltaic module.

[0018] (4) By making the flexible substrate a transparent adhesive film layer or a transparent alumina layer, it can provide stable and reliable protection for the battery chip, improve the durability and service life of the photovoltaic module, and has good light transmittance, which is conducive to design and implementation.

[0019] (5) By making the nanoparticles titanium dioxide nanoparticles and silicon dioxide nanoparticles, both of which have excellent optical properties and high refractive index, the color layer setting effect can be achieved efficiently. Moreover, both are stable and do not easily react, which is beneficial to the long-term use of photovoltaic modules.

[0020] (6) By ensuring that the particle size D of the nanoparticles meets the following condition: 50nm≤D≤100μm, it is beneficial to embed the nanoparticles into the flexible substrate and to improve the effect of setting the color layer, which is convenient for design and implementation.

[0021] (7) The front glass provides additional physical protection for the photovoltaic module, which helps to improve the protection effect of the photovoltaic module. The encapsulating adhesive can improve the sealing effect of the module and extend the service life of the module, which is conducive to design and implementation.

[0022] (8) By making at least one of the front glass and the back glass tempered or semi-tempered glass, the structural strength of the photovoltaic module is improved, which can provide better physical protection for the photovoltaic module.

[0023] (9) By setting a patterned structure on the light-incident side of the water-blocking film, the propagation path of light incident can be changed, making the light-incident surface of the water-blocking film undulating, which helps to improve the light absorption efficiency of the module and is also conducive to the setting of the appearance of the photovoltaic module, which is beneficial to the design and implementation.

[0024] (10) Through the setting of the ETFE film layer, it has good light transmittance, weather resistance and corrosion resistance, allowing light to pass through, providing good protection for photovoltaic modules, providing a good carrier for the pattern structure, improving the service life of the pattern structure, and facilitating processing and setting, which is helpful for design implementation. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiments of this application; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Water-blocking film; 2. Flexible perovskite solar cell; 3. Encapsulating film; 4. Backsheet glass; 5. Color layer; 6. Frontsheet glass; 7. Encapsulating adhesive; 8. ETFE film layer; 9. Pattern structure. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the technical solution and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0027] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0028] Furthermore, it should be noted that in the description of this application, if terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," or "outer" appear, indicating orientation or positional relationship, these are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, if terms such as "first" or "second" appear, they are also used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "connector" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application in light of the specific circumstances.

[0030] In this application, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0031] The present application will now be described in detail through exemplary embodiments. However, it should be understood that, without further description, elements, structures, and features in one embodiment may be advantageously incorporated into other embodiments.

[0032] The first aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic module, which is applied in the photovoltaic field and is mainly used to absorb light and convert it into electrical energy. Furthermore, the photovoltaic module in this embodiment, through its innovative structural design, can optimize the structure of the photovoltaic module and thus improve the quality of use of the photovoltaic module.

[0033] Among related technologies, perovskite photovoltaic modules have become a research focus in the photovoltaic field due to their advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and flexibility. However, the encapsulation stability and reliability of perovskite are issues that need to be carefully considered when designing photovoltaic modules.

[0034] Currently, perovskite solar cells face technical challenges in building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) applications due to high cost and weight. Common perovskite photovoltaic modules in this field often employ a three-layer glass encapsulation, including a front panel, a perovskite layer, and a back panel, all encapsulated with an encapsulating film. This is because the curvature of existing ultra-thin tempered glass (less than 3mm thick) does not meet the requirements for coating the transparent conductive film. Therefore, the substrate for perovskite solar cells is typically transparent conductive glass, which is not tempered. However, transparent conductive glass has relatively poor hardness, so when used in BIPV products, a tempered glass layer must be added to both the front and back sides of the transparent conductive glass, forming a triple-glass structure. This structure increases the cost and weight of the photovoltaic module, hindering lightweight design.

[0035] In view of this, in order to overcome the shortcomings of related technologies, the photovoltaic module of this embodiment combines... Figure 1 As shown, the overall design includes a water-blocking film 1, a flexible perovskite solar cell 2, an encapsulating film 3, and a backplane glass 4.

[0036] The water-blocking film 1, the flexible perovskite solar cell 2, the encapsulating film 3, and the backplate glass 4 are stacked sequentially along the light-incident direction. The flexible perovskite solar cell 2 is sealed between the water-blocking film 1 and the encapsulating film 3. The water-blocking film 1 completely covers the flexible perovskite solar cell 2, and the four edges of the water-blocking film 1 are bonded to the backplate glass 4.

[0037] Therefore, by placing the flexible perovskite solar cell 2 between the water-blocking film 1 and the encapsulating film 3, and ensuring that the water-blocking film 1 completely covers the solar cell and is bonded to the backsheet glass 4, the water-blocking film 1 can be made of a highly water-resistant material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). In this solution, the area of ​​the water-blocking film is larger than the area of ​​the flexible perovskite solar cell 2, and at least the outer ring of the water-blocking film can be sealed to the backsheet glass, thus encapsulating the flexible perovskite solar cell 2. This directly replaces the heavy front sheet glass, optimizes the structural design of the photovoltaic module, reduces redundant structures in conventional designs, ensures lightweight design, reduces the cost of the photovoltaic module, and effectively blocks external moisture and humidity from entering the solar cell, ensuring good stability and extending the service life of the photovoltaic module. By encapsulating the flexible perovskite solar cell instead of the conventional transparent conductive glass (i.e., the solar cell on the transparent conductive glass), the overall cost and weight of the photovoltaic module can be reduced while ensuring the performance of the solar cell encapsulation, thus expanding its application scenarios in BIPV.

[0038] Based on the above general introduction, specifically, the flexible perovskite solar cell 2 in this embodiment generally includes a flexible substrate and a flexible perovskite solar cell chip.

[0039] The above flexible substrates mainly serve as the supporting foundation for flexible perovskite solar cell chips. They can be based on the flexible substrates (such as polymer substrates) used in existing flexible perovskite solar cells 2, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0040] The above-mentioned perovskite solar cell chips generally include structures such as a transparent conductive layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and metal electrodes. For related structures not mentioned, please refer to the structures in the existing perovskite solar cell 2.

[0041] Furthermore, the external form of the photovoltaic module shown in this embodiment can be designed accordingly based on the assembly position and design requirements. It can refer to the external form shown by existing photovoltaic modules, and will not be elaborated here.

[0042] Continue to combine Figure 1 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, this embodiment may, for example, have a color layer 5 provided on the light-incident surface of the flexible perovskite solar cell 2.

[0043] Among them, the above color layer 5 includes dispersed high-refractive-index nanoparticles and colored glaze particles.

[0044] Understandably, by providing a color layer 5 on the light-receiving surface of the perovskite solar cell, light can be refracted, giving the photovoltaic module a rich selection of colors, improving the appearance of the photovoltaic module, and enabling it to better integrate into the building's appearance and surrounding environment while fulfilling its basic functions, thus helping to improve the quality of use of the photovoltaic module.

[0045] In practical implementation, the refractive index of the above nanoparticles and colored glaze particles can be, for example, between 1.8 and 2.2. The above nanoparticles and colored glaze particles can all be based on the nanoparticles and colored glaze particles used in the color layer 5 of existing photovoltaic modules, and will not be elaborated here.

[0046] Continue to combine Figure 1 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, the color layer 5 is still provided on the light-incident surface of the flexible perovskite solar cell 2. This embodiment may, for example, make the flexible perovskite solar cell 2 include a flexible substrate and a perovskite solar cell chip disposed on the flexible substrate.

[0047] The flexible substrate is oriented toward the light-incident surface, and at least some of the nanoparticles and colored glaze particles are embedded in the flexible substrate of the flexible perovskite solar cell 2.

[0048] It is understandable that by including a flexible substrate and perovskite solar cell 2, the arrangement and forming of the color layer 5 is facilitated, and the embedding of nanoparticles and colored glaze particles into the flexible substrate can enhance the bonding stability between the color layer 5 and the flexible substrate, which helps to improve the durability of the photovoltaic module's appearance.

[0049] In specific implementation, the above flexible substrate serves as the flexible basis of the flexible perovskite solar cell 2. The perovskite solar cell chip is disposed on the flexible substrate. The perovskite solar cell chip includes multiple functional layers such as a transparent conductive layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode. At least some of the nanoparticles and colored glaze particles of the above color layer 5 are disposed in the flexible substrate, that is, the flexible substrate is provided with a number of nanoparticles and colored glaze particles.

[0050] Furthermore, high-refractive-index nanoparticles are used to increase light refraction and improve light transmittance. The nanoparticles are embedded in a flexible substrate to create an uneven surface on the light-incident surface of the perovskite solar cell, further reducing external reflection and increasing internal reflection, thereby improving light absorption.

[0051] Continue to combine Figure 1 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, the flexible perovskite solar cell 2 still includes a flexible substrate, which in this embodiment may be, for example, a transparent adhesive film layer or a transparent alumina layer.

[0052] Understandably, by making the flexible substrate a transparent adhesive film layer or a transparent alumina layer, it is possible to provide stable and reliable protection for the battery chip, improve the durability and lifespan of the photovoltaic module, and also have good light transmittance, which is conducive to design and implementation.

[0053] In specific implementation, in addition to transparent adhesive film layer or transparent alumina layer, the above flexible substrate can also refer to the flexible substrate material of flexible perovskite solar cell 2 in existing photovoltaic modules (such as PET substrate, etc.), which will not be elaborated here.

[0054] Continue to combine Figure 1 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, the color layer 5 still includes dispersed high-refractive-index nanoparticles and glaze particles. In this embodiment, the nanoparticles may be titanium dioxide nanoparticles and silicon dioxide nanoparticles.

[0055] It is understandable that by using titanium dioxide nanoparticles and silicon dioxide nanoparticles, both of which have excellent optical properties and high refractive index, light transmittance can be increased. They can also efficiently achieve the effect of setting color layer 5. Furthermore, both are stable and do not easily react, which is beneficial for the long-term use of photovoltaic modules.

[0056] In specific implementation, in addition to titanium dioxide particles and silicon dioxide particles, other nanoparticles in related technologies that can achieve the effect of setting color layer 5 can also be applied to color layer 5 in this embodiment, which will not be elaborated here.

[0057] Continue to combine Figure 1 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, the color layer 5 still includes dispersed high-refractive-index nanoparticles and glaze particles. In this embodiment, for example, the particle size D of the nanoparticles can satisfy: 50nm≤D≤100μm.

[0058] It is understandable that by ensuring the particle size D of the nanoparticles satisfies 50nm≤D≤100μm, it is beneficial to embed the nanoparticles into the flexible substrate and to improve the setting effect of the color layer 5, which facilitates design and implementation.

[0059] In practical implementation, the particle size of the above nanoparticles can be, for example, 50nm, 80nm, 90nm, 10μm, 20μm, 40μm, 50μm, 70μm or 100μm, as long as it can meet the setting requirements of color layer 5.

[0060] The thickness of the flexible substrate must be greater than the particle size of the nanoparticles to ensure that the nanoparticles do not affect the perovskite solar cells on the flexible substrate. The thickness of the flexible substrate is 0.3-1.5 mm. In specific implementations, the thickness of the flexible substrate can be, for example, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.3 mm, or 1.5 mm, as long as it ensures that the nanoparticles do not affect the perovskite solar cells on the flexible substrate.

[0061] Continue to combine Figure 2As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, this embodiment may, for example, provide a front panel glass 6 on the light-incident side of the water-blocking membrane 1.

[0062] Among them, an encapsulating adhesive 7 is provided at the edge area between the front glass 6 and the back glass 4. The encapsulating adhesive 7 bonds the front glass 6 and the back glass 4. The water-blocking film 1, the flexible perovskite solar cell 2 and the encapsulating adhesive film 3 are located in the encapsulation area between the front glass 6 and the back glass 4.

[0063] Understandably, the front glass 6 provides additional physical protection for the photovoltaic module, which helps to improve the protection effect of the photovoltaic module. The encapsulating adhesive 7 can improve the sealing effect of the module, extend the service life of the module, and facilitate design and implementation.

[0064] When the front glass 6 is installed, the photovoltaic module is a double-glass photovoltaic module with flexible perovskite cells sandwiched in between. Compared with the triple-glass photovoltaic modules that must be installed in the existing technology, it can reduce the use of transparent conductive glass, reduce the overall cost and reduce the overall weight, and achieve lightweighting.

[0065] In specific implementation, the encapsulating adhesive 7 can be, for example, butyl rubber (PIB). The encapsulation area is formed between the encapsulating adhesive 7, the front glass 6, and the back glass 4. The water-blocking film 1, the flexible perovskite solar cell 2, and the encapsulating film 3 are sequentially stacked in the encapsulation area along the light incident direction.

[0066] Continue to combine Figures 1 to 2 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, taking the example of a front glass panel 6 provided on the light-incident side of the water-blocking film 1, this embodiment may, for example, make at least one of the front glass panel 6 and the rear glass panel tempered glass or semi-tempered glass.

[0067] Understandably, by making at least one of the front glass 6 and the back glass 4 tempered or semi-tempered glass, the structural strength of the photovoltaic module is improved, providing better physical protection for the photovoltaic module.

[0068] In practical implementation, when the photovoltaic module in this embodiment is used as a BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics) product, both the front glass 6 and the back glass 4 are made of tempered glass. Preferably, to reduce the overall weight of the photovoltaic module, the thickness of the tempered glass is no more than 3mm.

[0069] Continue to combine Figures 1 to 2 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, this embodiment may, for example, have a patterned structure 9 provided on the light-incident side of the water-blocking membrane 1.

[0070] Among them, the above pattern structure 9 is any one of the following: raised dot structure, wave structure, concave dot structure, grid structure or patterned structure.

[0071] It is understandable that by providing a patterned structure 9 on the light-incident side of the water-blocking film 1, the propagation path of the incident light can be changed, making the light-incident surface of the water-blocking film 1 undulating, which helps to improve the light absorption efficiency of the module and is also beneficial to the setting of the appearance of the photovoltaic module, which is conducive to design and implementation.

[0072] In specific implementation, the above-mentioned pattern structure 9 can be any one of the following: convex structure, wave structure, concave structure, grid structure, or patterned structure. Other undulating pattern structures 9 can also be applied to this embodiment, which will not be elaborated here. Furthermore, due to the setting of the pattern structure 9, the light-receiving surface of the water-blocking film 1 is undulating, that is, the light-receiving surface is uneven and presents an alternating state of convexity and concavity, either regularly or irregularly.

[0073] It is worth noting that the aforementioned patterned structure refers to a structural system that is constructed on the surface, inside or at the component level of a material through specific processes, and has a regular arrangement, repeatable pattern or functionally oriented geometric shape. The core is the combination of "structural form" and "orderly or functional arrangement", rather than random, disordered natural form or simple structure.

[0074] Continue to combine Figure 1 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, taking the example of the water-blocking film 1 having a patterned structure 9 on the light-incident side, this embodiment may, for example, have an ETFE film layer 8 on the light-incident side of the water-blocking film 1, with the patterned structure 9 formed on the surface of the ETFE film layer 8 away from the flexible perovskite solar cell 2.

[0075] Understandably, the ETFE film layer 8 has good light transmittance, weather resistance and corrosion resistance, allowing light to pass through and providing good protection for photovoltaic modules. It also provides a good carrier for the patterned structure 9, improving the service life of the patterned structure 9 and facilitating processing and installation, thus aiding in design and implementation.

[0076] In practical implementation, the pattern structure 9 formed on the ETFE (polyvinyl fluoride) film layer can be formed by hot pressing coarse cloth or patterned glass through a laminator. The shape of the pattern structure 9 can be, for example, scale-like, which helps to improve the external appearance of the photovoltaic module.

[0077] It is worth noting that, regarding the photovoltaic module of this embodiment, based on the above exemplary embodiments, in specific implementation, as a preferred embodiment, it is still composed of... Figure 1As shown, it may include, for example, a water-blocking film 1, a flexible perovskite solar cell 2, an encapsulating film 3, and a backsheet glass 4 stacked sequentially along the incident light direction.

[0078] The flexible perovskite solar cell 2 is sealed between the water-blocking film 1 and the encapsulating film 3. The water-blocking film 1 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene and completely covers the flexible perovskite solar cell 2. The four edges of the water-blocking film 1 are bonded to the back glass 4.

[0079] The flexible perovskite solar cell 2 has a color layer 5 on its light-incident surface. The color layer 5 includes dispersed high-refractive-index nanoparticles and colored glaze particles. The flexible perovskite solar cell 2 includes a flexible substrate and a perovskite solar cell chip disposed on the flexible substrate. At least some of the nanoparticles and colored glaze particles are embedded in the flexible substrate.

[0080] The flexible substrate is PET, the nanoparticles are titanium dioxide nanoparticles and silicon dioxide nanoparticles, the particle size D of the nanoparticles is 50nm, the light-incident side of the water-blocking film 1 is provided with an ETFE film layer 8, and the ETFE film layer 8 is used to form a patterned structure 9, which is a patterned structure.

[0081] It is worth noting that, regarding the photovoltaic module of this embodiment, based on the above exemplary implementations, in specific implementation, as another preferred embodiment, it is still composed of... Figure 2 As shown, it may include, for example, a water-blocking film 1, a flexible perovskite solar cell 2, an encapsulating film 3, and a backsheet glass 4 stacked sequentially along the incident light direction.

[0082] The flexible perovskite solar cell 2 is sealed between the water-blocking film 1 and the encapsulating film 3. The water-blocking film 1 completely covers the flexible perovskite solar cell 2, and the four edges of the water-blocking film 1 are bonded to the back glass 4.

[0083] The flexible perovskite solar cell 2 has a color layer 5 on its light-incident surface. The color layer 5 includes dispersed high-refractive-index nanoparticles and colored glaze particles. The flexible perovskite solar cell 2 includes a flexible substrate and a perovskite solar cell chip disposed on the flexible substrate. At least some of the nanoparticles and colored glaze particles are embedded in the flexible substrate.

[0084] The flexible substrate is a transparent alumina layer, the nanoparticles are titanium dioxide nanoparticles and silicon dioxide nanoparticles, the particle size D of the nanoparticles is 50nm, the light-incident side of the water-blocking film 1 is provided with an ETFE film layer 8, and a patterned structure 9 is formed on the ETFE film layer 8. The patterned structure 9 is a patterned structure.

[0085] The water-blocking film 1 has a front glass panel 6 on its light-incident side. An encapsulating adhesive 7 is provided at the edge between the front glass panel 6 and the back glass panel 4. The water-blocking film 1, the flexible perovskite solar cell 2, and the encapsulating adhesive film 3 are all located within the encapsulation area formed between the front glass panel 6, the back glass panel 4, and the encapsulating adhesive 7. Both the front glass panel 6 and the back glass panel 4 are tempered glass, and the encapsulating adhesive 7 is butyl rubber.

[0086] In the preferred embodiments of the photovoltaic modules described above, the specific settings and arrangements of the water-blocking film 1, the flexible perovskite solar cell 2, the encapsulating film 3, etc., can still be referred to the descriptions in the above exemplary embodiments. Furthermore, in this preferred embodiment, the beneficial effects brought about by the design of the water-blocking film 1, the flexible perovskite solar cell 2, the encapsulating film 3, etc., can also be referred to the descriptions in the above exemplary embodiments.

[0087] The photovoltaic module of this embodiment adopts the above design. By placing the flexible perovskite solar cell 2 between the water-blocking film 1 and the encapsulating film 3, and ensuring that the water-blocking film 1 completely covers the solar cell and is bonded to the back glass 4, the structural design of the photovoltaic module is optimized, redundant structures in conventional designs are reduced, and lightweight design is ensured, reducing the cost of the photovoltaic module. It can also effectively block external moisture and humidity from entering the solar cell, ensuring good stability of the photovoltaic module, improving the service life of the photovoltaic module, reducing the overall cost and weight of the photovoltaic module, expanding its applicable scenarios in BIPV, and helping to improve the quality of photovoltaic module use.

[0088] The above descriptions are merely some embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. The technical features or structures in the foregoing different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined to form other specific technical solutions as needed. For those skilled in the art, this application can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: The device includes a water-blocking film (1), a flexible perovskite solar cell (2), an encapsulating film (3), and a backplate glass (4) stacked sequentially along the light incident direction. The flexible perovskite solar cell (2) is sealed between the water-blocking film (1) and the encapsulating film (3). The water-blocking film (1) completely covers the flexible perovskite solar cell (2), and the four edges of the water-blocking film (1) are bonded to the backplate glass (4).

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light-incident surface of the flexible perovskite solar cell (2) is provided with a color layer (5), which includes dispersed high-refractive-index nanoparticles and colored glaze particles.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flexible perovskite solar cell (2) includes a flexible substrate and a perovskite solar cell chip disposed on the flexible substrate. The flexible substrate is disposed facing the light incident surface, and at least some nanoparticles and colored glaze particles are embedded in the flexible substrate of the flexible perovskite solar cell (2).

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flexible substrate is a transparent adhesive film layer or a transparent aluminum oxide layer.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nanoparticles are titanium dioxide nanoparticles and / or silicon dioxide nanoparticles.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The particle size D of the nanoparticles satisfies: 50nm≤D≤100μm.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-blocking film (1) is also provided with a front glass (6) on the light-incident side. An encapsulating adhesive (7) is provided at the edge area between the front glass (6) and the back glass (4). The encapsulating adhesive (7) bonds the front glass (6) and the back glass (4). The water-blocking film (1), the flexible perovskite solar cell (2) and the encapsulating adhesive film (3) are located in the encapsulation area between the front glass (6) and the back glass (4).

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: At least one of the front glass (6) and the back glass (4) is tempered glass or semi-tempered glass.

9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The light-incident side of the water-blocking membrane (1) is provided with a patterned structure (9), which is any one of a raised dot structure, a wave structure, a concave dot structure, a grid structure or a patterned structure.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 9, characterized in that: The light-incident side of the water-blocking membrane (1) is provided with an ETFE film layer (8), and the pattern structure (9) is formed on the ETFE film layer (8).

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