Seeding machine with adjustment device

Abstract

A seeder with adjusting device, including crossbeam, seeding unit, land wheel unit, wherein, the seeder is installed with adjusting device, the adjusting device includes oil cylinder, controller, rotating shaft, connecting rod, one end of the oil cylinder is connected with oil cylinder support seat, the other end is connected with rotating support arm, the controller is connected with oil cylinder through oil pipe, the seeding unit is fixedly connected with rotating shaft, the connecting rod is connected with the connecting rod shaft on the adjacent two unit stand columns through bearing;The seeder can obtain the seeding effect of flat ground or close to flat ground effect when working on slope, and the seeding quality is much better than that of ordinary seeder;The fertilizer box drive selection of the present application is prior art, GPS+Beidou electronic drive system, and its technology is mature and price is affordable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to agricultural machinery, specifically relating to a seeding machine with an adjustment device. Background Technology

[0002] Modern seeders perform reasonably well on flat terrain, but their effectiveness diminishes when encountering hilly areas. The seeder becomes tilted, and the seeding unit may veer downwards due to gravity, causing abnormal furrowing and compaction operations, and affecting seed drop. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a novel seeder with an adjustment device, aiming to improve the seeding quality on sloping land.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is as follows: a seeder with an adjustment device, including a suspension mechanism for connecting to a tractor; a fertilizer box for storing fertilizer; a sowing unit for opening furrows, sowing, covering soil, and compacting; a fertilization unit for opening furrows and fertilizing; a ground wheel unit for supporting the weight of the whole machine and providing the power required by the seed metering mechanism when moving; and a transmission mechanism for transmitting the power provided by the ground wheel to the seed metering device after speed change, so that it works according to the required plant spacing. The adjustment device is a new mechanism of this utility model, including a controller, oil pipe, oil cylinder, oil cylinder support seat, rotating shaft, rotating arm, arm shaft, connecting rod, and connecting rod shaft. Its basic structure is that the ground wheel unit on the left side is installed on the rotating shaft on the left side of the crossbeam, the ground wheel unit on the right side is installed on the rotating shaft on the right side of the crossbeam, and the two seeding units in the middle are installed on their respective rotating shafts. In this way, the ground wheel unit and the seeding unit can rotate around their own rotating shafts. The sowing unit is equipped with sowing unit columns. The ground wheel unit is equipped with ground wheel unit columns. Each column has a connecting shaft at its upper end, and connecting rods are mounted on these shafts via bearings. A long connecting rod in the middle connects to the connecting shafts at the upper ends of two sowing unit columns, constraining the two columns to maintain parallelism. Short connecting rods on either side connect the ground wheel unit columns and sowing unit columns on the left and right sides, respectively, also constraining them to maintain parallelism. Thus, the ground wheel unit columns and sowing unit columns are connected by three connecting rods of varying lengths to form a pivotable whole. This means that no single column can rotate independently around its own axis; all columns can rotate simultaneously around their own axes. The actual shape of this pivotable overall structure is a series of connected parallelograms. This structure ensures that when each column deforms and rotates (adjusts), all sowing units change (rotate) by the same angle, and after adjustment, the working conditions of the sowing units return to a flat surface. The seed metering device for the seeding unit can be driven by either a mechanical drive or an electronic drive system with radar speed measurement. The former is cheaper, while the latter is more expensive and is existing technology, so it will not be discussed further. The adjustment device can be controlled manually or automatically. Automatic control uses horizontal or vertical sensors to sense the tilt angle of the seeding unit and uploads it to the control computer. The control computer calculates the result and issues an adjustment command to control the hydraulic cylinder to automatically adjust the working posture of the seeding unit so that the posture of the seeding unit is always perpendicular to the horizon (horizontal plane) rather than perpendicular to the slope. The sensor is installed on the seeding unit to monitor its working status at any time. The distance between the rotating shafts of this invention is adjustable. Depending on the actual situation, a fixed type can be selected, that is, a type where the shaft distance is not adjustable.

[0005] The length of the connecting rod in this invention is also adjustable, or it can be made non-adjustable depending on the actual situation. The ground wheel unit, fertilization unit, sowing unit, crossbeam, and suspension device in this utility model are all existing technologies. The main features of the utility model are the rotating shaft, controller, oil cylinder, connecting rod, and connecting rod shaft, which are collectively referred to as the adjustment device. The beneficial effects of this utility model are: when the seeder operates on a slope, it can achieve the same or near-slope-like seeding effect as on flat land, and the seeding quality is much better than that of ordinary seeders; the fertilizer box drive of this utility model adopts existing technology, GPS + Beidou electronic drive system, which is technically mature and affordable. Attached Figure Description

[0006] Figure 1 This is a top view of the seeder of this utility model; you can see the ground wheel units on the left and right sides and the two seeding units in the middle. The whole machine structure is symmetrical, divided into left and right sides with the middle as the dividing line. The connecting rod connects the connecting rod shaft at the top of all adjacent columns, and the transverse transmission chain connects the left and right power. Figure 2 This is a left view of the seeding unit of the seeder of this utility model installed on the crossbeam; the fertilizer unit is installed at the front end of the rotating shaft and the seeding unit is installed at the rear end, so that they can rotate coaxially. Figure 3 This is a left view of the seeder of this utility model with the ground wheel mounted on the crossbeam; the ground wheel unit is mounted on the rotating shaft, and it can rotate around the rotating shaft. The longitudinal chain drive becomes the transverse chain drive after passing through the right-angle gearbox. Figure 4 This is a front view of the overall transmission system and control adjustment system of the seeder of this utility model; the fertilizer box drive is electronic, and the Beidou-10 GPS drive is not shown. Figure 5 This is a front view of the seeder of this utility model in operation; Figure 6 Front view of the existing seeder in operation; Figure 7 A diagram showing the distance relationships between the axes; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the automatic adjustment system; Parts listed in the diagram: 1. Rotary shaft; 2. Support arm shaft; 3. Connecting rod shaft; 4. Longitudinal shaft of the right-angle gearbox for the seeding unit; 5. Horizontal shaft of the right-angle gearbox for the ground wheel unit; 6. Upper tower sprocket; 7. Crossbeam; 8. Longitudinal drive chain; 9. Connecting rod; 10. Hydraulic cylinder; 11. Hydraulic pipe; 12. Seeding unit column; 13. Ground wheel unit column; 14. Seeding unit; 15. Hydraulic cylinder support seat; 16. Fertilizer box; 17. Seed metering device; 18. Parallel four-link linkage; 19. Longitudinal double sprocket; 20. Fertilizer application unit; 21. Bearing seat; 22. U-bolt; 23. Suspension device; 24. Adjusting screw; 25. Horizontal shaft of the right-angle gearbox for the seeding unit; 26. Seed metering device sprocket; 27. Longitudinal single sprocket; 28. Horizontal single sprocket; 29. ​​Left ground wheel unit; 30. Drive sprocket; 31. Lower tower sprocket; 32. Controller; 33. Rotary support arm; 34. Internal gear flange; 35. Double nut; 36. Bearing; 37. Lower tower-shaped sprocket shaft, 38 pin shaft, 39 fixing rod, 40 ground wheel unit right angle gearbox, 41 transverse double sprocket, 42 ridge, 43 slope, 44 horizon (horizontal plane), 45 sowing unit right angle gearbox, 46 ground wheel unit right angle gearbox longitudinal shaft, 47 transverse transmission chain, 48 ground wheel support arm, 49 right side ground wheel unit; The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0007] This description uses a mechanical transmission type as an example to introduce the working principle of this utility model. Chain drives all have tension wheels to tighten the chain during operation, but these are not shown for simplicity. The attached diagrams are only schematic diagrams, drawn to better illustrate the concept, and are not to scale. In this embodiment, the sowing unit and the fertilization unit in front of it share a single rotating shaft; however, they can also be separated and each can use its own independent rotating shaft as needed.

[0008] In this specification, "front," "back," "left," and "right" are defined as follows: when the seeder is working normally, "front" is the direction of travel, and vice versa. "Left" and "right" are based on the left and right ground wheel units marked in the diagram. The bearings in this invention are general deep groove ball bearings, and the bearings on the rotating shaft are tapered roller bearings. Pre-tightening is required during installation to ensure that the rotating shaft rotates freely without any clearance during operation.

[0009] The specific implementation of this utility model is as follows: Example 1, see... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4The basic principle of this utility model is that a rotating shaft 1 is installed at the lower part of each ground wheel unit column 13 and each sowing unit column 12. The rotating shaft 1 is fixed to the seeder beam 7 via bearing seats 21 according to a certain pattern. A connecting rod shaft 3 is fixedly installed at the upper end of each ground wheel unit column 13 and each sowing unit column 12. All adjacent connecting rod shafts 3 are connected to connecting rods 9 via bearings 36. The end of each connecting rod shaft 3 is fixed to the bearing 36 with double nuts 35. The connecting rods 9 are connected end-to-end from left to right via bearings 36. Figure 4 Connect all the columns together to form a pivotable whole structure, such as Figure 5 Its specific structure consists of multiple conjoined parallelograms, such as... Figure 7 This embodiment is a preferred embodiment, and there are actually many embodiments. Therefore, this embodiment should not be used to limit the utility model, but only for illustration. This embodiment takes a two-row machine as an example. Its basic structure consists of two ground wheel units on the left and right sides and two seeding units in the middle. For ease of explanation, the seeding unit closer to the left ground wheel unit 29 is defined as the left seeding unit 14, and the seeding unit closer to the right ground wheel unit 49 is defined as the right seeding unit 14. The left and right sides of the seeder of this utility model are actually mirror images, and their working principles are exactly the same. The working principle is described below using the left side as an example. The left ground wheel unit 29 is semi-fixedly connected to the left ground wheel unit column 13 via the left ground wheel support arm 48, forming an adjustable connection. The connection angle between the ground wheel support arm 48 and the ground wheel unit column 13 can be adjusted by adjusting the lead screw 24, thus changing the height of the seeder. A connecting rod shaft 3 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the left ground wheel unit column 13. Below the connecting rod shaft 3 is the longitudinal shaft 46 of the left ground wheel unit right-angle gearbox. A transverse single sprocket 28 is fixedly installed at the front end of the longitudinal shaft 46. The longitudinal shaft 46 and the transverse shaft 5 of the left ground wheel unit right-angle gearbox are connected via a bevel gear pair inside the left ground wheel unit right-angle gearbox 40, changing the power transmission from longitudinal to transverse. The left ground wheel unit right-angle gearbox 40 is fixedly installed on the upper part of the left ground wheel unit column 13 with screws. An upper tower-shaped sprocket 6 is fixedly installed at the end of the transverse shaft 5 of the left ground wheel unit right-angle gearbox. Figure 3 , Figure 4The upper tower-shaped sprocket 6 can selectively transmit power to the lower tower-shaped sprocket 31 by changing the active and passive sprockets through the longitudinal transmission chain 8. The lower tower-shaped sprocket 31 is fixedly installed at the end of the lower tower-shaped sprocket shaft 37. The lower tower-shaped sprocket shaft 37 is installed on the left side of the middle of the left side ground wheel unit column 13 through a bearing. When the seeder moves, the active sprocket 30 rotates and transmits power to the lower tower-shaped sprocket 31 through the longitudinal transmission chain 8. The transmission speed can be changed between the lower tower-shaped sprocket 31 and the upper tower-shaped sprocket 6 by changing the active and passive sprockets to obtain the required sowing spacing. like Figure 3 The left-side ground wheel unit column 13 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 1 by screws at the front center. A support arm shaft 2 is fixedly installed below the rotating shaft 1. The column between the rotating shaft 1 and the support arm shaft 2 is defined as the rotating support arm 33. In fact, the rotating support arm 33 and the ground wheel unit column 13 are an integral structure. Figure 3 The rotating shaft 1 is rotatably mounted in the bearing seat 21 via the bearing 36. The bearing seat 21 is fixedly mounted on the left side of the seeder beam 7 via U-bolts 22. The front end of the rotating shaft 1 is pre-tightened with the tapered roller bearing 36 by double nuts 35 and internal tooth flange 34 to ensure that the rotating shaft 1 can rotate freely without gaps during operation. The left ground wheel unit 29 can rotate with the rotating shaft 1 as the center. The working principle of the seeding unit, such as Figure 2The left sowing unit 14 is connected to the left sowing unit column 12 via a parallel four-link 18, forming a pivotable integrated unit. A connecting shaft 3 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the left sowing unit column 12. Below the connecting shaft 3 is the left sowing unit right-angle gearbox longitudinal shaft 4. A left transverse double sprocket 41 is fixedly installed at the front end of the longitudinal shaft 4. The left sowing unit right-angle gearbox longitudinal shaft 4 and the left sowing unit right-angle gearbox transverse shaft 25 convert power from transverse to longitudinal transmission through a bevel gear pair inside the left sowing unit right-angle gearbox 45. The left sowing unit right-angle gearbox 45 is fixedly installed on the upper part of the left sowing unit column 12 with screws. A longitudinal single sprocket 27 is fixedly installed at the end of the left sowing unit right-angle gearbox transverse shaft 25. The single sprocket 27 transmits power to the left seed metering device sprocket 26 via a longitudinal transmission chain 8 and two longitudinal double sprockets 19, enabling the seed metering device 17 to operate normally. The seed metering device 17 is installed... The left sowing unit 14 is mounted on the upper part of the left sowing unit column 12. The lower front part of the left sowing unit column 12 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 1 by screws. The rotating shaft 1 is mounted in the bearing seat 21 by two tapered roller bearings. The bearing seat 21 is fixed to the left side of the seeder beam 7 by U-bolts 22. The top of the seeder beam 7 is also equipped with a suspension device 23 for attaching to the tractor. The fertilizer box 16 is used to store fertilizer. The front end of the rotating shaft 1 fixed to the left sowing unit is pre-tightened with tapered roller bearings 36 by double nuts 35 and internal tooth flange 34 to ensure that the rotating shaft 1 has no gaps during operation and can rotate freely. The internal tooth flange 34 at the front end of the rotating shaft 1 is fixedly connected to the left fertilization unit 20 by screws. The left fertilization unit 20 and the left sowing unit 14 can rotate around the rotating shaft 1 fixed to them. In this embodiment, all sowing units and fertilization units have the same structure. The connecting rod shaft 3 at the upper end of the left ground wheel unit column 13 and the connecting rod shaft 3 at the upper end of the left seeding unit column 12 are rotatably connected by a short connecting rod 9 through a bearing 36 to constrain the two adjacent columns and keep them parallel to each other. The bearing 36 is fixed at the end of the connecting rod shaft 3 with a double nut 35. The left and right sides of this machine are mirror images. The connecting rod shaft 3 at the upper end of the left and right seeding unit column 12 is connected by a long connecting rod 9 in the middle via a bearing 36 to constrain the two columns and keep them parallel. The end of the connecting rod shaft 3 is fixed to the bearing 36 by double nuts 35. The distance between the left and right seeding units is the row spacing, which should be adjustable according to different row spacings. To maintain the parallel posture of the two seeding unit columns 12, the length of the long connecting rod 9 in the middle is also adjustable. The overall machine dimensions should meet the following requirements. Figure 7The dimensions must meet the requirements for normal operation; the letters between the two axes in the diagram represent the axis distances and their relationships: A=B=O, C=D=P, E=F=Q, G=H=I=J, K=L=M=N. This design ensures that all columns change the same angle during rotation and adjustment; for example... Figure 1 , Figure 4 Two ground wheel units are installed at both ends of the seeder beam via rotating shafts, and two seeding units are fixedly installed in the middle of the seeder beam at intervals of row spacing via two rotating shafts 1. The connecting shafts 3 at the upper ends of the columns of all adjacent units (ground wheel unit and seeding unit, seeding unit and seeding unit) are pivotally connected by connecting rods 9 through bearings 36. In this way, long connecting rods and short connecting rods are connected end-to-end from left to right, connecting all ground wheel unit columns 13 and seeding unit columns 12 into a pivotable integral structure. Specifically, this structure is a series of interconnected parallelograms. No single unit can rotate independently around its fixed rotation axis 1; all units can rotate together around their fixed rotation axis 1. Therefore, by controlling the working angle of the rotating support arm 33 of this planter, the working state of the entire planter can be controlled. Figure 4 As shown, a hydraulic cylinder support seat 15 is fixed in the middle of the seeder beam 7. One end of each of the two hydraulic cylinders 10 is movably connected to the hydraulic cylinder support seat 15 via a pin 38. The other ends of the two hydraulic cylinders 10 are connected to the left and right support arm shafts 2 via bearings 36. The bearings 36 are fixed at the ends of the two support arm shafts 2 with double nuts 35. The controller 32 is connected to the two hydraulic cylinders via an oil pipe 11 to control the working state of the hydraulic cylinders. Chain drive principle, such as Figure 4 , Figure 1 As shown, taking the left side as an example, the power from the left ground wheel unit 29 is transmitted via the drive sprocket 30 through the longitudinal transmission chain 8, then through the lower tower sprocket 31 and the upper tower sprocket 6. After speed change, the power is converted from longitudinal to lateral transmission by the right-angle gearbox 40 of the left ground wheel unit, and output by the lateral single sprocket 28 fixed at the end of the longitudinal shaft 46 of the right-angle gearbox of the left ground wheel unit. The lateral single sprocket 28 transmits power through the lateral transmission chain 47 to the left lateral double sprocket 41 fixed at the front end of the longitudinal shaft 4 of the right-angle gearbox of the left seeding unit. Thus, after the power is changed by the right-angle gearbox 40 of the left seeding unit, the lateral power is converted into longitudinal power, and output by the longitudinal single sprocket 27 fixed at the end of the transverse shaft 25 of the right-angle gearbox of the left seeding unit. The power of the longitudinal single sprocket 27 is transmitted to the seed metering sprocket 26 through the longitudinal transmission chain 8 and two longitudinal double sprockets 19 to enable the seed metering device 17 to work normally. The power transmission method on the right side of the seeder is the same as that on the left. The double sprocket 41 of the left seeding unit and the double sprocket 41 of the right seeding unit are connected by a transverse transmission chain 47. In this way, the power on the left can be transmitted to the right, and the power on the right can also be transmitted to the left, preventing the slippage of one side of the ground wheel from affecting the normal operation of the seeding unit on the same side. Adjustment principle: such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This is a typical scenario where a seeder operates on a slope, and its seeding unit tilts along with the seeder. Figure 5 In operation, the seeding unit of this utility model remains vertical and perpendicular to the horizon (horizontal plane) 44. This is unlike ordinary seeders where the seeding unit is perpendicular to the slope 43. Adjust the working principle, such as Figure 5 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 Before adjustment Figure 6 As shown, the seeder tilts to one side. At this point, manually moving the controller 32 controls the hydraulic cylinder 10, causing the cylinder on the left (uphill) side to shorten. This causes the left ground wheel unit column 13 to rotate clockwise around its rotation axis 1. This, in turn, pulls the two seeding unit columns 12 and the right (downhill) ground wheel unit column 13 together, causing them to rotate clockwise around their respective rotation axes 1. Simultaneously, the right hydraulic cylinder 10 extends, resulting in the seeding unit being perpendicular to the horizon 44 (horizontal plane). This achieves the same effect as on flat ground when the seeder operates on slopes. The controller 32 is connected to the oil pump and oil tank via oil pipe 11; the oil pump and oil tank are not shown. When the ground is level, replacing the two hydraulic cylinders 10 with two fixed rods 39 transforms it into a regular seeder.

[0010] Example 2, as Figure 8 Schematic diagram of an automatic adjustment seeder; The working principle involves installing sensors on the seeding unit to continuously sense its working posture. The control computer then processes the sensor signals and issues commands to control the hydraulic cylinders, which in turn control the seeding unit to maintain a vertical working state.

[0011] The fertilizer box drive uses Beidou and GPS electronic drive, which is existing technology, and the product is available on the market at a low price. If the slope is too steep, the entire seeder will shift downhill. In this case, another device that can shift the entire seeder will be used to move the entire seeder uphill so that the individual seeders can be aligned with the row 42 for sowing. The device that shifts the entire seeder is existing technology and is available on the market.

Claims

1. A seeder with an adjustment device, comprising a crossbeam, a seeding unit, and a ground wheel unit, characterized in that: The seeder is equipped with an adjustment device, which includes a hydraulic cylinder, a controller, a rotating shaft, and a connecting rod. One end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to a hydraulic cylinder support seat, and the other end is connected to a rotating support arm. The controller is connected to the hydraulic cylinder through an oil pipe. The sowing unit is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the connecting rod is connected to the connecting rod shafts on the two adjacent unit columns through bearings.

2. A seeder with an adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller comes in two types: one is manually controlled, and the other is automatically controlled by a computer.

3. A seeder with an adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic cylinder can be replaced with a fixing rod.

4. A seeder with an adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting rods are connected to the connecting rod shafts at the top of all adjacent unit columns via bearings.

5. A seeder with an adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: All adjacent unit columns are parallel to each other.

6. A seeder with an adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed metering device installed in the seeding unit has two driving methods: one is mechanical and the other is electronic.

7. A seeder with an adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the rotating shafts is adjustable, and a fixed type, i.e., a non-adjustable shaft distance, can be selected according to the actual situation.

8. A seeder with an adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the connecting rod is also adjustable, or it can be made non-adjustable depending on the actual situation.

Images