Thermal responsive distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device and fire safety system
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522100225.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-29
AI Technical Summary
[0004]本实用新型的目的是针对现有的技术不足提供一种热响应式分布式干粉灭火装置及消防安全系统，解决上述背景技术中提出的传统消防系统，如高压细水雾、全淹没气体灭火存在响应延迟、安装空间需求大、且对电池内部起始的火源难以实现“靶向”扑救的问题
[0015]本实用新型提供一种热响应式分布式干粉灭火装置及消防安全系统，其有益效果在于：该干粉灭火装置的气体发生器的输出端与柔性灭火袋的输入端通过泄压阀连接，热敏感触发机构的输出端与气体发生器的输入端连接，可将多个柔性灭火袋用于布置在电池模组的空隙内或储能柜内部，当电池发生热失控时，热敏感触发机构在感应到环境温度达到设定阈值时引燃气体发生剂，气体发生剂产生的气体能够撕裂柔性灭火袋，此时干粉灭火剂冲破灭火袋且能够瞬间覆盖整个电池模组或储能柜，特别是能够瞬间扑灭初期火源，该干粉灭火装置集感知、触发、动作于一体，为响应速度极快、部署灵活、可靠性高的内置式灭火装置，其核心目的是在电池热失控发生的极早期，例如冒烟、升温阶段，自动启动，实现点对点精准灭火，将火灾扼杀在萌芽状态，防止灾难性事故的发生。
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Figure CN224821415U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of fire safety technology, and more specifically, relates to a heat-response distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device and fire safety system. Background Technology
[0002] When lithium-ion batteries are subjected to specific abuse conditions, such as heating, puncture, compression, or impact, the separator may melt. Once the separator melts, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery will come into direct contact, leading to an internal short circuit. Simultaneously, under high-temperature conditions, the electrode materials undergo various exothermic reactions, causing heat to accumulate and making thermal runaway highly likely. This runaway is characterized by: an internal chain reaction and the release of large amounts of flammable gases (such as...). The fire is characterized by rapid heat and temperature rise (reaching over 700°C) and a tendency to spread quickly within the battery module. Traditional fire suppression systems (such as high-pressure water mist and total flooding gas extinguishing systems) suffer from drawbacks such as response delays, large installation space requirements, and difficulty in targeting fires originating inside the battery.
[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a fully automated device that can be highly integrated with battery modules, does not rely on external power sources and control systems, can be activated instantaneously at the critical point of thermal runaway, and can achieve efficient fire extinguishing through an explosive covering method. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a thermally responsive distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device and fire safety system to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. This solves the problems mentioned in the background art of traditional fire protection systems, such as high-pressure fine water mist and total flooding gas fire extinguishing, which have response delays, large installation space requirements, and difficulty in "targeting" fire sources originating inside batteries.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a heat-response distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device, which includes: A flexible fire extinguishing bag, wherein the interior of the flexible fire extinguishing bag is filled with dry powder fire extinguishing agent; A gas generator, the interior of which is filled with a gas generating agent, and the output end of the gas generator is connected to the input end of the flexible fire extinguishing bag via a pressure relief valve; A heat-sensitive triggering mechanism is provided, the output of which is connected to the input of the gas generator. The heat-sensitive triggering mechanism is used to ignite the gas generator when the ambient temperature reaches a set threshold. The gas generated by the gas generator is used to tear the flexible fire extinguishing bag.
[0006] Preferably, the flexible fire extinguishing bag comprises an aramid nonwoven bag, the surface of which is covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene film.
[0007] Preferably, the dry powder extinguishing agent is an ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent, or a composite dry powder extinguishing agent of triphenyl phosphate, aluminum hydroxide and graphite.
[0008] Preferably, the gas generator includes a housing, the housing has an interface, the interface is the output end of the gas generator, and the housing is pressurized with a gas generating agent.
[0009] Preferably, the gas generator is a composite gas generator consisting of guanidine nitrate, copper nitrate, binder, and combustion regulator.
[0010] Preferably, the heat-sensitive triggering mechanism includes: Thermosensitive fuse; The ignition box contains gunpowder and is connected to the gas generator. One end of the heat-sensitive fuse is located inside the ignition box.
[0011] Preferably, the heat-sensitive triggering mechanism includes: Multiple temperature sensors; An energy storage capacitor and an electric ignition head are provided, wherein the electric ignition head is disposed inside the gas generator and is electrically connected to the energy storage capacitor; A control unit is electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the energy storage capacitor.
[0012] A fire safety system comprising: Multiple heat-response distributed dry powder fire extinguishing devices, wherein the flexible fire extinguishing bags of multiple heat-response distributed dry powder fire extinguishing devices are embedded in the gaps of the battery module or inside the energy storage cabinet in a distributed manner.
[0013] Preferably, when the heat-sensitive triggering mechanism includes a heat-sensitive fuse and an ignition box, the ignition box contains gunpowder, the ignition box is connected to the gas generator, and one end of the heat-sensitive fuse is disposed in the ignition box, the heat-sensitive fuse is arranged on the surface of the battery and wound around the terminals of the battery.
[0014] Preferably, when the heat-sensitive triggering mechanism includes multiple temperature sensors, an energy storage capacitor, an electric igniter, and a control unit, with the electric igniter disposed inside the gas generator and electrically connected to the energy storage capacitor, and the control unit electrically connected to the temperature sensors and the energy storage capacitor, the multiple temperature sensors are arranged on the battery surface and on the battery terminals.
[0015] This utility model provides a thermally responsive distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device and fire safety system. Its advantages are as follows: the output end of the gas generator of the dry powder fire extinguishing device is connected to the input end of the flexible fire extinguishing bag via a pressure relief valve, and the output end of the thermally sensitive triggering mechanism is connected to the input end of the gas generator. Multiple flexible fire extinguishing bags can be arranged in the gaps of the battery module or inside the energy storage cabinet. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, the thermally sensitive triggering mechanism ignites the gas generator when it senses that the ambient temperature has reached a set threshold. The gas generated by the gas generator can tear the flexible fire extinguishing bag, at which point the dry powder extinguishing agent breaks through the fire extinguishing bag and can instantly cover the entire battery module or energy storage cabinet. In particular, it can instantly extinguish the initial fire source. This dry powder fire extinguishing device integrates sensing, triggering, and action, making it a built-in fire extinguishing device with extremely fast response speed, flexible deployment, and high reliability. Its core purpose is to automatically activate in the very early stages of battery thermal runaway, such as the smoke and temperature rise stages, to achieve precise point-to-point fire extinguishing, nipping the fire in the bud and preventing catastrophic accidents.
[0016] Other features and advantages of this invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description
[0017] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts.
[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a thermally responsive distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a flexible fire extinguishing bag of a heat-responsive distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Flexible fire extinguishing bag; 11. Non-woven bag; 12. Polytetrafluoroethylene film; 2. Gas generator. Detailed Implementation
[0020] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail. While preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.
[0021] like Figure 1As shown, this utility model provides a heat-response distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device, which includes: Flexible fire extinguishing bag 1, the interior of which is filled with dry powder extinguishing agent; Gas generator 2, the interior of which is filled with gas generating agent, and the output end of gas generator 2 is connected to the input end of flexible fire extinguishing bag 1 through a pressure relief valve; A heat-sensitive triggering mechanism is provided, with its output end connected to the input end of the gas generator 1. The heat-sensitive triggering mechanism is used to ignite the gas generating agent when the ambient temperature reaches a set threshold. The gas generated by the gas generating agent is used to tear the flexible fire extinguishing bag 1.
[0022] Specifically, to address the problems of traditional fire suppression systems, such as high-pressure water mist and total flooding gas extinguishing systems, including response delays, large installation space requirements, and difficulty in targeting fires originating inside batteries, this application provides a thermally responsive distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device. The output of the gas generator 2 is connected to the input of the flexible fire extinguishing bag 1 via a pressure relief valve, and the output of the heat-sensitive triggering mechanism is connected to the input of the gas generator 2. Multiple flexible fire extinguishing bags 1 can be arranged within the gaps of the battery module or inside the energy storage cabinet. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, the heat-sensitive triggering mechanism... When the ambient temperature reaches a set threshold, the gas generator is ignited. The gas generated by the gas generator can tear the flexible fire extinguishing bag 1. At this time, the dry powder extinguishing agent breaks through the fire extinguishing bag and can instantly cover the entire battery module or energy storage cabinet. In particular, it can instantly extinguish the initial fire source. This dry powder fire extinguishing device integrates sensing, triggering and action. It is a built-in fire extinguishing device with extremely fast response speed, flexible deployment and high reliability. Its core purpose is to automatically start in the very early stage of battery thermal runaway, such as the smoke and temperature rise stage, to achieve point-to-point precise fire extinguishing, nip the fire in the bud and prevent the occurrence of catastrophic accidents.
[0023] This dry powder fire extinguishing device is particularly suitable for the rapid suppression of early-stage fires in small, enclosed spaces with high fire risk, such as lithium-ion battery modules, electrical cabinets, and data center servers.
[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, preferably, the flexible fire extinguishing bag 1 includes an aramid nonwoven bag 11, the surface of which is covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene film 12.
[0025] Specifically, the flexible fire extinguishing bag 1 is made of a flexible material with high strength, tear resistance, flame retardancy and excellent air tightness. The preferred option is a composite aramid nonwoven fabric coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film. Its burst strength needs to be precisely calculated to ensure that it can be torn in a controlled manner under specific pressure.
[0026] The flexible fire extinguishing bag 1 is designed as a flat, elongated shape or an irregularly shaped bag that matches the shape of the pre-extinguishing location. The volume of the flexible fire extinguishing bag 1 is calculated based on the volume of the protected area and the required concentration of dry powder extinguishing agent, and is usually between 50 mL and 500 mL.
[0027] Preferably, the dry powder extinguishing agent is an ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent, or a composite dry powder extinguishing agent of triphenyl phosphate, aluminum hydroxide and graphite.
[0028] Specifically, the dry powder extinguishing agent uses an ultrafine dry powder extinguishing agent with a particle size of less than 20μm, preferably a modified ammonium phosphate salt with a siliconized surface to prevent moisture and clumping, or a composite lithium-ion battery-specific extinguishing agent, which is composed of triphenyl phosphate, aluminum hydroxide and graphite, to have both suppression and cooling suffocation effects.
[0029] Preferably, the gas generator 2 includes a housing, the housing is provided with an interface, the interface is the output end of the gas generator 2, and the gas generating agent is pressurized inside the housing.
[0030] Specifically, the housing is either a metal housing or a high-strength POM plastic housing, and the interface is connected to a pressure relief valve.
[0031] Preferably, the gas generator is a composite gas generator consisting of guanidine nitrate, copper nitrate, binder, and combustion regulator.
[0032] Specifically, drawing inspiration from automotive airbag technology, guanidine nitrate (GuHN) is used as the primary fuel, along with basic copper nitrate (…). Using oxidant as an oxidant, and with the addition of binders and combustion modifiers in proportion, this mixture features high gas production, relatively low combustion temperature, low solid residue (mainly CuO), and non-toxicity. Its chemical reaction equation can be simplified as follows:
[0033] The gas production rate of the gas generator needs to be precisely designed through the particle shape and ratio of the gas generator, with the goal of generating a sufficient amount of gas (e.g., within 5-10 ms) This causes the pressure inside the flexible fire extinguishing bag 1 to rise instantly to 0.5-2 MPa, thereby achieving effective blasting and spraying.
[0034] Preferably, Option 1: Mechanical triggering, without power supply and control system, the heat-sensitive triggering mechanism includes: Thermosensitive fuse; The ignition box contains gunpowder and is connected to the gas generator 2. One end of the heat-sensitive fuse is placed inside the ignition box.
[0035] Specifically, the thermal fuse uses a glass fiber tube to wrap thermal explosive, which is made of a mixture of potassium nitrate and lead thiocyanate. Its outer sheath is marked with a precise melting temperature, such as 138℃ ± 5℃ or 180℃ ± 5℃. This thermal fuse, like a fuse, can be meandered on the surface of the battery that needs to be monitored and wrapped around the battery terminals.
[0036] When the local temperature reaches the melting point of the heat-sensitive fuse, the heat-sensitive explosive inside is ignited and burns rapidly along the fiberglass tube, transmitting the flame to the ignition box connected to the gas generator 2. The ignition box contains highly sensitive black powder or a boron / potassium nitrate mixture, which can then detonate the gas generator.
[0037] Preferably, Option 2: Electronic triggering, with a power supply and control system, the heat-sensitive triggering mechanism includes: Multiple temperature sensors; The energy storage capacitor and the electric ignition head are installed inside the gas generator 2 and are electrically connected to the energy storage capacitor. The control unit is electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the energy storage capacitor.
[0038] Specifically, the preferred temperature sensor is a surface-mount NTC thermistor or a digital temperature sensor, such as the DS18B20, which is directly attached to the battery surface.
[0039] The control unit uses a microcontroller (MCU) to continuously monitor temperature data. It can employ a dual judgment algorithm of "temperature rise rate (dT / dt)" and "absolute temperature threshold" (e.g., temperature > 100℃ and temperature rise rate > 1℃ / s), which greatly reduces the risk of false alarms.
[0040] It has a built-in small energy storage capacitor, such as 0.1F, which can be used as a backup power source. Even after the external main power supply is interrupted, it can still ensure that the thermally sensitive trigger mechanism has enough energy to trigger once.
[0041] When the conditions are met, the control unit sends a signal to discharge the capacitor to the electric igniter (E-match), igniting the bridge wire and ignition propellant inside the electric igniter, and then igniting the gas generator.
[0042] A fire safety system comprising: Multiple heat-response distributed dry powder fire extinguishing devices, and flexible fire extinguishing bags 1 of the multiple heat-response distributed dry powder fire extinguishing devices are embedded in the gaps of the battery module or inside the energy storage cabinet in a distributed manner.
[0043] Preferably, when the heat-sensitive triggering mechanism includes a heat-sensitive fuse and an ignition box, the ignition box contains gunpowder, the ignition box is connected to the gas generator 2, and one end of the heat-sensitive fuse is placed inside the ignition box, the heat-sensitive fuse is arranged on the surface of the battery and wound around the terminals of the battery.
[0044] Preferably, when the heat-sensitive triggering mechanism includes multiple temperature sensors, an energy storage capacitor, an electric igniter, and a control unit, with the electric igniter disposed inside the gas generator 2 and electrically connected to the energy storage capacitor, and the control unit electrically connected to the temperature sensors and the energy storage capacitor, the multiple temperature sensors are arranged on the battery surface and on the battery terminals.
[0045] Example 1: Taking the fire safety of 18650 batteries as an example, the mechanical triggering method of Scheme 1 is used, without power supply and control system.
[0046] Arrangement: In a 10S10P battery module consisting of 100 18650 batteries, five long strip-shaped flexible fire extinguishing bags are interspersed in the gaps between adjacent battery packs in the battery module. Triggering: Select a thermistor wire with a melting temperature of 150℃ and wrap it around the terminals of each group of parallel batteries. This is the hot spot area where thermal runaway occurs earliest. Working process: An internal short circuit occurs in one of the batteries, and the temperature rises sharply. When the high temperature heats the heat-sensitive fuse, it melts and starts to burn. The flame is transmitted to the nearest gas generator 2 within milliseconds and ignites it. The gas generator 2 produces gas, which breaks through the flexible fire extinguishing bag 1. The dry powder extinguishing agent instantly covers the entire battery module and extinguishes the initial fire source.
[0047] Example 1: Taking the fire safety of a large energy storage cabinet as an example, the electronic triggering method of Scheme 2 is used, which includes a power supply and a control system.
[0048] Arrangement: Multiple electronically triggered dry powder fire extinguishing devices are arranged on the top and sides of each battery cluster in the energy storage cabinet; Triggering: The temperature sensor of each dry powder fire extinguishing device is connected to a distributed control unit. The control unit uses an algorithm to determine, for example: if the temperature of two or more adjacent sensors is >90℃ and the temperature rise is >5℃ / second, thermal runaway is confirmed before the dry powder fire extinguishing device in the corresponding area is triggered. Linkage: While triggering the fire suppression system, the control unit can send an alarm signal and fault location code to the main control BMS via the CAN bus. The BMS can immediately disconnect the relays of the entire battery cluster. The control program of the control unit is existing technology.
[0049] In summary, the significant advantages of this fire safety system, when implemented using a heat-response distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device, are: Revolutionary response speed: From sensing to completing the spraying, the entire process can be completed within 100 milliseconds, achieving true "second-level response and millisecond-level suppression"; True "targeted" treatment: Flexible fire extinguishing bags are distributed and embedded within the battery module, enabling "extinguishing only where the fire is out of control," greatly reducing the amount of dry powder extinguishing agent used and avoiding overall pollution; Extremely high reliability: especially the passive mechanical solution one, which requires no electricity and ensures reliable operation under any extreme conditions; Excellent engineering adaptability: The flexible fire extinguishing bag 1 can perfectly adapt to the irregular and narrow remaining space inside the battery pack, with almost no change to the original structural design of the battery pack; Economic efficiency: Modular design allows for mass production, controllable costs, and easy large-scale application in the new energy industry.
[0050] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims
1. A heat-responsive distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device, characterized in that, The dry powder fire extinguishing device includes: A flexible fire extinguishing bag, wherein the interior of the flexible fire extinguishing bag is filled with dry powder fire extinguishing agent; A gas generator, the interior of which is filled with a gas generating agent, and the output end of the gas generator is connected to the input end of the flexible fire extinguishing bag via a pressure relief valve; A heat-sensitive triggering mechanism is provided, the output of which is connected to the input of the gas generator. The heat-sensitive triggering mechanism is used to ignite the gas generator when the ambient temperature reaches a set threshold. The gas generated by the gas generator is used to tear the flexible fire extinguishing bag.
2. The thermal response distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible fire extinguishing bag includes an aramid nonwoven bag, the surface of which is covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene film.
3. The thermal response distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dry powder extinguishing agent is an ammonium phosphate dry powder extinguishing agent, or a composite dry powder extinguishing agent of triphenyl phosphate, aluminum hydroxide and graphite.
4. The thermal response distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas generator includes a housing with an interface, which is the output end of the gas generator, and a gas generating agent is pressurized inside the housing.
5. A thermally responsive distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas generator is a composite gas generator consisting of guanidine nitrate, copper nitrate, binder, and combustion regulator.
6. A thermally responsive distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat-sensitive triggering mechanism includes: Thermosensitive fuse; The ignition box contains gunpowder and is connected to the gas generator. One end of the heat-sensitive fuse is located inside the ignition box.
7. A thermally responsive distributed dry powder fire extinguishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat-sensitive triggering mechanism includes: Multiple temperature sensors; An energy storage capacitor and an electric ignition head are provided, wherein the electric ignition head is disposed inside the gas generator and is electrically connected to the energy storage capacitor; A control unit is electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the energy storage capacitor.
8. A fire safety system, characterized in that, The fire safety system includes: Multiple thermal response distributed dry powder fire extinguishing devices according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the flexible fire extinguishing bags of the multiple thermal response distributed dry powder fire extinguishing devices are embedded in the gaps of the battery module or inside the energy storage cabinet in a distributed manner.
9. A fire safety system according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the heat-sensitive triggering mechanism includes a heat-sensitive fuse and an ignition box, the ignition box contains gunpowder, the ignition box is connected to the gas generator, and one end of the heat-sensitive fuse is located inside the ignition box, the heat-sensitive fuse is arranged on the surface of the battery and wound around the terminals of the battery.
10. A fire safety system according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the heat-sensitive triggering mechanism includes multiple temperature sensors, an energy storage capacitor, an electric igniter, and a control unit, with the electric igniter disposed inside the gas generator and electrically connected to the energy storage capacitor, and the control unit electrically connected to the temperature sensors and the energy storage capacitor, the multiple temperature sensors are arranged on the battery surface and on the battery terminals.