Multi-layer activated carbon tail gas adsorption purification device

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of multilayer activated carbon tail gas adsorption purification device, its technical scheme is: including the shell with inlet and adsorption gas outlet, the cavity of shell is used for the adsorption gas to enter and along its inside movement, the cavity of shell is sequentially provided with filter screen and adsorption unit along gas movement direction, filter screen is used to carry out preliminary filtration to the gas of entering cavity, adsorption unit carries out further adsorption and filtration to the gas of preliminary filtration.The utility model has the beneficial effects that: (1) multistage purification improves adsorption efficiency, avoids partial penetration;(2) modular design simplifies maintenance operation, reduces operating cost;(3) optimize adsorption layer structure, ensure the stability of purification effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of waste gas treatment equipment, and in particular relates to a multi-layer activated carbon tail gas adsorption and purification device. Background Technology

[0002] Activated carbon adsorption purification technology, as a mainstream method for treating industrial exhaust gases, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and odorous gases, is widely used in industries such as chemical, coating, printing, and pharmaceutical due to its broad-spectrum adsorption capacity for complex gases. Its core principle is to utilize the synergistic effect of physical adsorption from the porous structure of activated carbon and chemical adsorption from its surface chemical groups to capture and purify pollutants in the gas. However, inherent defects in the structural design and operational performance of traditional activated carbon adsorption equipment make it difficult to meet the requirements of high efficiency, stability, and low consumption purification. Specific problems include: (1) Traditional fixed-bed adsorption devices mostly adopt a single straight-through cavity structure. After the gas enters from the inlet, there is a lack of effective guidance and uniform distribution mechanism. It is easy to form "biased flow" or "short-circuit flow" due to the difference in flow velocity. In some areas, the activated carbon is in full contact with the gas, while in other areas, due to insufficient airflow scouring, the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon is not fully utilized. This non-uniform contact directly leads to the local bed reaching adsorption saturation first (i.e., "local penetration"). At this time, the overall purification efficiency of the equipment has dropped significantly, but it is still necessary to stop the machine to replace the activated carbon, resulting in a double waste of materials and energy.

[0003] (2) The operation of activated carbon replacement and maintenance is complicated. The activated carbon in traditional equipment is mostly an integral filling structure and lacks convenient maintenance channels. When replacing it, the equipment shell needs to be disassembled, which not only interrupts the continuity of production, but may also cause secondary pollution due to the release of activated carbon. For tail gas with high viscosity or dust content, impurities are easily attached to the surface of activated carbon, causing "pore blockage". Traditional equipment cannot remove the partially failed activated carbon separately, and can only replace it as a whole, which further increases the maintenance cost and workload.

[0004] (3) Unreasonable adsorption layer design leads to unstable purification effect. The activated carbon layer thickness of traditional equipment is often insufficient (mostly ≤80mm) and lacks layered adsorption design. The contact time between gas and activated carbon is short and the contact area is limited, making it difficult to meet the purification needs of medium and high concentration pollutants. At the same time, activated carbon is mostly packed in bulk without fixed structural constraints. It is easy for the layers to loosen or locally accumulate due to airflow impact, resulting in disordered adsorption paths and significant fluctuations in purification effect.

[0005] (4) Insufficient pretreatment capacity exacerbates activated carbon loss. Industrial exhaust gas often contains particulate matter such as dust and oil mist. Traditional equipment relies on simple grids for filtration, which is difficult to effectively intercept fine impurities. After these impurities enter the activated carbon layer with the airflow, they will block its pore structure, causing the adsorption capacity to decay rapidly, shortening the service life of activated carbon, and increasing the replacement frequency.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies have attempted improvements such as increasing the activated carbon content and optimizing the inlet shape, but they have failed to systematically resolve the core contradictions of uniform airflow distribution, ease of maintenance, and adsorption stability from a structural design perspective. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a novel activated carbon adsorption purification device that integrates high-efficiency filtration, uniform air distribution, stratified adsorption, and convenient maintenance to overcome the technical bottlenecks of traditional equipment and improve the efficiency and economy of exhaust gas purification. Utility Model Content

[0007] This utility model provides a multi-layer activated carbon tail gas adsorption and purification device. The technical solution is as follows: it includes a shell with an air inlet and an adsorbed gas outlet. The cavity of the shell allows the gas to be adsorbed to enter and move along its interior. A filter screen and an adsorption unit are arranged sequentially in the cavity of the shell along the gas movement direction. The filter screen is used to perform preliminary filtration on the gas entering the cavity, and the adsorption unit further adsorbs and filters the gas that has been preliminarily filtered.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the adsorption unit includes at least two flow guide baffles and at least one layer of activated carbon. The flow guide baffles are staggered and spaced on the inner wall of the shell, and activated carbon is disposed between the flow guide baffles.

[0009] In a more preferred embodiment, the outer wall of the housing is provided with a hole corresponding to the position of the flow guide baffle, and an inspection port is provided at the hole.

[0010] In a more preferred embodiment, the flow guide plate is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes to uniformly guide the gas to be adsorbed to the subsequent activated carbon.

[0011] In a more preferred embodiment, the activated carbon is wrapped in a mesh structure of the same material as the filter screen, which prevents the activated carbon from scattering and makes it easy to replace.

[0012] In a more preferred embodiment, the activated carbon has a thickness of ≥100mm to ensure good filtration effect of exhaust gas.

[0013] In a more preferred embodiment, the activated carbon is granular carbon or honeycomb carbon.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: (1) The device achieves graded treatment of exhaust gas through the combination design of "filter screen + multi-layer activated carbon adsorption unit". The filter screen first filters the dust and particulate matter in the intake air to avoid impurities clogging the pores of activated carbon. The staggered flow guide baffles in the adsorption unit force the airflow to move along the deflection path, prolonging the contact time between the gas and the activated carbon. At the same time, the air holes on the flow guide baffles evenly disperse the gas to each activated carbon layer, avoiding the phenomenon of "biased flow" or "short-circuit flow". This structure makes full use of the activated carbon adsorption capacity and effectively solves the problem of local penetration caused by uneven airflow in traditional fixed beds. The overall adsorption efficiency is improved by more than 30%. (2) An inspection port is provided on the outer side of the shell corresponding to the flow guide baffle, and the activated carbon is wrapped in a mesh structure to form an independent replaceable unit. When the activated carbon is partially saturated or fails, it is not necessary to disassemble the entire equipment. The activated carbon unit of the corresponding layer can be taken out and replaced separately through the inspection port, which greatly shortens the downtime maintenance time and reduces the impact on production continuity. At the same time, the mesh wrapping design avoids secondary pollution caused by the scattering of activated carbon and reduces the manpower and material loss during the maintenance process. (3) The activated carbon thickness is ≥100mm and is layered by the flow guide baffle. Compared with traditional equipment (thickness is mostly ≤80mm), it significantly increases the contact area and contact time between the gas and the activated carbon, and can stably treat medium and high concentration pollutants. In addition, the staggered flow guide baffle forms physical support for the activated carbon layer, avoiding the loosening or accumulation between layers caused by airflow impact, ensuring the stability of the adsorption path, and controlling the fluctuation of the purification effect within ±5%. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Air inlet; 2. Housing; 3. Filter screen; 4. Baffle plate; 41. Vent hole; 5. Activated carbon; 6. Adsorbed gas outlet; 7. Inspection port. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Example like Figure 1 The multi-layer activated carbon tail gas adsorption and purification device shown includes a housing 2 with an air inlet 1 and an adsorption gas outlet 6. The cavity of the housing 2 allows the gas to be adsorbed to enter and move along its interior. Inside the cavity of the housing 2, a filter screen 3 and an adsorption unit are arranged sequentially along the gas movement direction. The filter screen 3 is used to perform preliminary filtration of the gas entering the cavity, and the adsorption unit further adsorbs and filters the gas that has been preliminarily filtered.

[0019] Furthermore, the adsorption unit includes at least two flow guide baffles 4 and at least one layer of activated carbon 5. The flow guide baffles 4 are staggered on the inner wall of the shell 2, and the activated carbon 5 is disposed between the flow guide baffles 4.

[0020] Furthermore, the outer wall of the shell 2 is provided with a hole corresponding to the position of the flow guide baffle 4, and an inspection port 7 is provided at the hole.

[0021] Furthermore, the flow guide plate 4 is uniformly provided with a plurality of ventilation holes 41 for uniformly guiding the gas to be adsorbed to the subsequent activated carbon 5.

[0022] Furthermore, the activated carbon 5 is wrapped in a mesh structure of the same material as the filter screen 3, which not only prevents the activated carbon 5 from scattering but also makes it easy to replace.

[0023] Furthermore, the activated carbon 5 has a thickness of ≥100mm to ensure good filtration effect of exhaust gas.

[0024] Furthermore, the activated carbon 5 is granular carbon or honeycomb carbon. If granular carbon is used, the number of vent holes 41 on the flow guide plate 4 should be such that the waste gas flow rate is controlled below 0.6 m / s. If honeycomb carbon is used, the number of vent holes 41 on the flow guide plate 4 should be such that the waste gas flow rate is controlled below 1.2 m / s.

[0025] The operation process of the above-mentioned device is as follows: The industrial exhaust gas to be treated, containing VOCs, dust, and odorous substances, enters the cavity of the housing 2 through the air inlet 1. The gas first flows through the filter 3, which is arranged along the direction of gas movement. The filter 3 performs preliminary interception and filtration of dust, particulate matter, and sticky impurities in the gas, preventing impurities from entering the subsequent adsorption unit and clogging the pores of the activated carbon, thus extending the service life of the activated carbon. The gas that has passed the preliminary filtration continues to move along the cavity of the housing towards the adsorption unit.

[0026] After initial filtration, the gas, uniformly distributed and guided by baffles, enters the adsorption unit and first comes into contact with the flow guide plates 4, which are staggered and arranged on the inner wall of the shell. Because the air vents 41 evenly opened on the flow guide plates 4 disperse the gas into multiple uniform airflows, they are precisely guided to the subsequent activated carbon 5. The air vents 41 ensure that the contact area between the gas and the activated carbon is maximized, avoiding local airflow concentration that could lead to flow deviation or uneven adsorption.

[0027] After being uniformly purified through stratified adsorption and deep purification, the gas enters the activated carbon 5 between the guide baffles 4. The activated carbon 5 has a thickness of ≥100mm, and is selected as granular carbon or honeycomb carbon depending on the exhaust gas conditions: for complex mixed exhaust gas, granular carbon is selected, and the number of vents 41 in the guide baffles 4 is designed to control the exhaust gas velocity below 0.6m / s, ensuring sufficient contact between the gas and the granular carbon; for high-volume, low-concentration exhaust gas, honeycomb carbon is selected, and the number of vents 41 is designed to control the flow velocity below 1.2m / s, adapting to the through-hole structure of the honeycomb carbon. The function of activated carbon 5 and flow velocity control is to ensure that pollutants in the gas are fully adsorbed by the porous structure of the activated carbon through the matching of thickness and flow velocity, achieving deep purification. Under the stepwise adsorption of the multi-layer activated carbon 5, the pollutant concentration is significantly reduced.

[0028] The purified gas, after being adsorbed and purified by the multi-layer activated carbon 5, continues to move along the cavity of the shell and is finally discharged from the adsorbed gas outlet 6, meeting the environmental emission standards.

[0029] After the activated carbon replacement unit has been running for a period of time, if the pollutant concentration at the adsorption gas outlet 6 is detected to be rising, indicating that the activated carbon is nearing saturation, maintenance can be performed through the inspection port 7 on the outer wall of the shell 2, corresponding to the position of the guide baffle 4. This eliminates the need to disassemble the entire unit; the operation can be performed directly on the saturated activated carbon layer, reducing downtime. Since the activated carbon 5 is wrapped in a mesh structure of the same material as the filter screen 3, the mesh structure both secures the activated carbon to prevent it from scattering and forms an independent unit for easy removal as a whole. After opening the inspection port 7, the saturated activated carbon unit can be directly extracted. After replacing the new activated carbon unit, the inspection port 7 can be closed, and the unit can resume operation.

Claims

1. A multi-layer activated carbon tail gas adsorption and purification device, characterized in that, The housing (2) includes an air inlet (1) and an adsorbed gas outlet (6). The cavity of the housing (2) allows the gas to be adsorbed to enter and move along its interior. The cavity of the housing (2) is provided with a filter screen (3) and an adsorption unit in sequence along the direction of gas movement. The filter screen (3) is used to perform preliminary filtration on the gas entering the cavity, and the adsorption unit further adsorbs and filters the gas that has been preliminarily filtered.

2. The multi-layer activated carbon tail gas adsorption and purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption unit includes at least two flow guides (4) and at least one layer of activated carbon (5). The flow guides (4) are staggered on the inner wall of the shell (2), and activated carbon (5) is disposed between the flow guides (4).

3. The multi-layer activated carbon tail gas adsorption and purification device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer wall of the shell (2) is provided with a hole at the position corresponding to the flow guide baffle (4), and an inspection port (7) is provided at the hole.

4. The multi-layer activated carbon tail gas adsorption and purification device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow guide baffle (4) is uniformly provided with several ventilation holes (41) for uniformly guiding the gas to be adsorbed to the subsequent activated carbon (5).

5. The multi-layer activated carbon tail gas adsorption and purification device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The activated carbon (5) is wrapped in a mesh structure of the same material as the filter screen (3), which not only prevents the activated carbon (5) from falling out, but also makes it easy to replace.

6. The multi-layer activated carbon tail gas adsorption and purification device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the activated carbon (5) is ≥100mm to ensure good filtration effect of exhaust gas.

7. The multi-layer activated carbon tail gas adsorption and purification device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The activated carbon (5) is granular carbon or honeycomb carbon.

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