Carbon fiber adsorption and desorption system
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522330904.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-11-03
AI Technical Summary
尽管活性炭纤维吸附脱附技术具有显著优势，但当前市场上的同类系统仍存在诸多技术瓶颈，难以满足工业生产的连续化、高效化需求，具体为，多数系统未针对废气温度、含尘量进行精准控制，若废气温度超过40℃，会导致活性炭纤维吸附容量下降20%-30%；若废气含尘量较高，易堵塞吸附床层孔隙，缩短吸附剂使用寿命，增加运维成本；现有系统多采用单吸附器设计，吸附剂再生阶段需停机操作，导致废气处理流程中断，无法匹配工业生产中 24 小时连续排放的需求；脱附过程中，蒸汽吹扫后活性炭纤维床层易残留大量冷凝水，且床层温度较高（通常＞60℃），若未及时进行负压抽干与干燥降温，会导致后续吸附效率衰减，甚至引发吸附剂受潮变质
1、过滤器可高效截留废气中的粉尘、颗粒杂质，避免活性炭纤维床层孔隙堵塞，相较于无预处理的系统，能将吸附剂使用寿命延长30%-50%，显著降低企业运维更换成本，废气换热器精准将废气温度控制在40℃以下，完全规避了温度超限时吸附容量下降20%-30%的缺陷，使活性炭纤维吸附容量保持率达95%以上，确保VOCs 处理效率稳定，有效解决了现有技术中废气温度、含尘量失控导致的吸附性能衰减问题。
Smart Images
Figure CN224822087U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of waste gas treatment, specifically a carbon fiber adsorption-desorption system. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of industrial manufacturing (such as chemical, coating, printing, and pharmaceutical fields), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have become a major pollutant in industrial waste gas. Their emissions not only cause serious pollution to the atmospheric environment (such as causing ozone pollution and secondary PM2.5 formation), but also harm the human respiratory and nervous systems, and may even be carcinogenic. The core of adsorption methods lies in the performance of the adsorbent. Traditional adsorbents (such as granular activated carbon and molecular sieves) have defects such as small specific surface area (usually <1500m² / g), slow adsorption rate, and difficulty in desorption, resulting in long adsorption-desorption cycles and making it difficult to meet the needs of high-efficiency treatment. With the advancement of materials technology, activated carbon fiber (ACF) is gradually replacing traditional adsorbents due to its superior performance: its specific surface area can reach 2000-3000m² / g, and its pore size distribution is uniform (mainly micropores), which can quickly capture VOC molecules, and the adsorption rate is 3-5 times higher than that of granular activated carbon; at the same time, ACF has good thermal stability, requires a low desorption temperature (80-120℃), and is easier to regenerate, significantly extending its service life. Therefore, activated carbon fiber-based adsorption-desorption systems have become an important development direction for VOCs treatment technology. Although activated carbon fiber adsorption-desorption technology has significant advantages, similar systems on the market still have many technical bottlenecks, making it difficult to meet the continuous and efficient needs of industrial production. Specifically, most systems do not precisely control the temperature and dust content of the exhaust gas. If the exhaust gas temperature exceeds 40°C, the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon fiber will decrease by 20%-30%. If the dust content of the exhaust gas is high, it will easily clog the pores of the adsorption bed, shorten the service life of the adsorbent, and increase the operation and maintenance costs. Most existing systems adopt a single adsorber design, which requires shutdown during the adsorbent regeneration stage, resulting in interruption of the exhaust gas treatment process and failing to meet the 24-hour continuous emission requirements of industrial production. During the desorption process, a large amount of condensate is easily left on the activated carbon fiber bed after steam purging, and the bed temperature is high (usually >60°C). If negative pressure drying and cooling are not carried out in time, it will lead to a decrease in subsequent adsorption efficiency and even cause the adsorbent to become damp and deteriorate. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a carbon fiber adsorption-desorption system to address the deficiencies of the prior art.
[0004] The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: a carbon fiber adsorption-desorption system, comprising a pretreatment unit, an adsorption treatment unit, a steam desorption unit, a negative pressure drying unit, a drying and cooling unit, and a metering and recovery unit. The pretreatment unit is used to reduce the temperature of the waste gas to below 40°C. The adsorption treatment unit includes a carbon fiber adsorber. The pretreatment unit is connected to the carbon fiber adsorber. The carbon fiber adsorber is connected to the metering and recovery unit through the negative pressure drying unit. The steam desorption unit includes a steam pipe. The steam pipe is used to purge the activated carbon fiber bed of the carbon fiber adsorber. The drying and cooling unit is used to cool and dry the adsorbent on the activated carbon fiber bed.
[0005] Furthermore, the pretreatment unit includes a filter and an exhaust gas heat exchanger. The filter is connected to the exhaust gas heat exchanger, and the exhaust gas heat exchanger is connected to a carbon fiber adsorber. A flame arrester is installed at the exhaust gas inlet of the carbon fiber adsorber.
[0006] Furthermore, at least two carbon fiber adsorbers are provided, and multiple carbon fiber adsorbers are connected in parallel, with one carbon fiber adsorber performing the adsorption operation and the remaining carbon fiber adsorbers performing the regeneration operation.
[0007] Furthermore, the negative pressure desiccation unit includes a vortex air pump, the carbon fiber adsorber is connected to the vortex air pump through a pipe, and the vortex air pump is connected to the metering and recovery unit.
[0008] Furthermore, the metering and recovery unit includes a condenser, a separation device, and a cooler. The vortex air pump is connected to the condenser, the cooler is connected to the cooler outlet of the carbon fiber adsorber, and both the condenser and the cooler are connected to the separation device.
[0009] Furthermore, the drying and cooling unit includes a drying fan, which is connected to a carbon fiber adsorber via a drying pipe.
[0010] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. The filter can efficiently trap dust and particulate impurities in the exhaust gas, avoiding clogging of the activated carbon fiber bed pores. Compared with systems without pretreatment, it can extend the service life of the adsorbent by 30%-50%, significantly reducing the company's operation and maintenance replacement costs. The exhaust gas heat exchanger accurately controls the exhaust gas temperature below 40℃, completely avoiding the defect of a 20%-30% decrease in adsorption capacity when the temperature exceeds the limit, so that the adsorption capacity retention rate of activated carbon fiber reaches more than 95%, ensuring stable VOCs treatment efficiency, and effectively solving the problem of adsorption performance decay caused by the uncontrolled exhaust gas temperature and dust content in existing technologies.
[0011] 2. When one adsorber is in adsorption operation, the other adsorbers simultaneously perform regeneration operations such as steam desorption, negative pressure drying, and drying and cooling. There is no need to interrupt the waste gas treatment process, which can fully meet the 24-hour continuous emission requirements in industrial production and avoid the risk of direct VOCs emission and production loss caused by shutdown.
[0012] 3. After steam desorption, the vortex air pump can quickly remove the residual condensate in the activated carbon fiber bed, controlling the bed moisture content to below 5%, thus preventing the adsorbent from deteriorating and clumping due to moisture. The drying fan introduces clean air into the bed through the drying pipe, reducing the bed temperature to 30-40℃, effectively solving the problem of adsorption efficiency decay caused by high temperature. Attached Figure Description
[0013] Figure 1 This is a connection diagram of a carbon fiber adsorption-desorption system according to the present invention; In the diagram, 1-pretreatment unit, 2-adsorption treatment unit, 3-steam desorption unit, 4-negative pressure drying unit, 5-drying and cooling unit, and 6-metering and recovery unit. Detailed Implementation
[0014] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, a carbon fiber adsorption-desorption system includes a pretreatment unit 1, an adsorption treatment unit 2, a steam desorption unit 3, a negative pressure drying unit 4, a drying and cooling unit 5, and a metering and recovery unit 6. The pretreatment unit 1 is used to reduce the temperature of the waste gas to below 40°C. The adsorption treatment unit 2 includes a carbon fiber adsorber, which is connected to the pretreatment unit 1. The carbon fiber adsorber is connected to the metering and recovery unit 6 via the negative pressure drying unit 4. The steam desorption unit 3 includes a steam pipe connected to the carbon fiber adsorber, which is used to purge the activated carbon fiber bed of the carbon fiber adsorber. The drying and cooling unit 5 is used to cool and dry the adsorbent on the activated carbon fiber bed. The pretreatment unit 1 pre-treats the waste gas, reducing its temperature. After filtering out solid impurities from the exhaust gas, the pretreated exhaust gas enters the adsorption treatment unit 2, where it is purified by carbon fiber adsorption using a carbon fiber adsorber. The steam or organic matter generated by the carbon fiber adsorber is discharged into the metering and recovery unit 6 by the negative pressure drying unit 4. During this process, the steam desorption unit 3 works simultaneously, introducing steam into the carbon fiber adsorber through a steam pipe to achieve steam desorption. The water vapor and organic vapor are then further processed by the metering and recovery system. Since the temperature and humidity of the activated carbon fiber bed are very high after the negative pressure operation of the negative pressure drying unit 4 is completed, it is not suitable for subsequent adsorption operations. Therefore, the activated carbon fiber bed is purged by introducing fresh cold air through the drying and cooling unit 5 to achieve the purpose of cooling and drying.
[0015] Example 2 Based on Example 1, the metering and recovery unit 6 includes a condenser, a separation device, and a cooler. A vortex air pump is connected to the condenser, and the cooler is connected to the cooler outlet of the carbon fiber adsorber. Both the condenser and the cooler are connected to the separation device. The desorbed mixed gas containing water vapor and organic vapor is introduced into the condenser through the negative pressure drying unit 4. After condensation, it becomes a mixed liquid and flows into the separation device. The condensate flowing out from the bottom of the carbon fiber adsorber also flows into the separation device after passing through the cooler, separating the water-insoluble organic matter from the water. The separated organic matter flows by gravity into the metering tank for recycling. The stratified wastewater is discharged into the sewage pipe. The inlet temperature of the condenser circulating water should be below 32°C, and sufficient pressure should be ensured (≥0.25MPa to the adsorption boundary) so that the outlet water temperature is ≤37°C. Regulating valves are installed at the inlets of the circulating water and chilled water, linked to the condenser outlet temperature for automatic adjustment of the water supply. The use of the recovery metering system improves management efficiency and provides a basis for optimizing the operating parameters of the device. Example 3 Based on Example 1, the pretreatment unit 1 includes a filter and an exhaust gas heat exchanger. The filter is connected to the exhaust gas heat exchanger, which is connected to a carbon fiber adsorber. A flame arrester is installed at the exhaust gas inlet of the carbon fiber adsorber. Since high temperatures are detrimental to adsorption, the exhaust gas is cooled to below 40°C by the heat exchanger before entering the carbon fiber adsorber. During pretreatment, alkaline, acidic, or water-soluble media are recovered or removed through absorption, thus removing harmful substances, extending the service life of the adsorption device, and improving the purity of the recovered organic matter. The flame arrester safely isolates the pretreatment unit 1 from the adsorption treatment unit 2. A three-way valve is installed at the exhaust gas inlet. When the device is shut down or requires maintenance, this three-way valve automatically switches, allowing the exhaust gas to be directly discharged through the chimney without affecting the normal production of the upstream production system. The exhaust gas is filtered to remove particulate matter and large molecules, ensuring that these impurities are not adsorbed by the activated carbon fibers, thus avoiding clogging the pores of the activated carbon fibers and affecting their adsorption efficiency and service life.
[0016] Example 4 Based on Example 3, at least two carbon fiber adsorbers are provided, and multiple carbon fiber adsorbers are connected in parallel. One carbon fiber adsorber performs adsorption, while the others perform regeneration. Under the action of van der Waals forces, organic matter is adsorbed into the micropores of activated carbon fibers. After the activated carbon fibers are saturated, they are regenerated. The exhaust gas is cleaned after passing through the carbon fiber adsorbers. The carbon fiber adsorbers are controlled by an automatic control system, which automatically switches between adsorption and regeneration (desorption, negative pressure drying, and cooling drying) processes. This ensures that at any given time, at least one adsorber is performing primary adsorption, and another adsorber is performing desorption, drying, and regeneration, guaranteeing the continuous operation and continuous processing capacity of the adsorption system.
[0017] Example 5 Based on Example 4, the negative pressure desiccation unit 4 includes a vortex pump. The carbon fiber adsorber is connected to the vortex pump via a pipeline, and the vortex pump is connected to the metering and recovery unit 6. The valves on the condenser's outlet and liquid outlet pipelines are closed, and the vortex pump is started to draw vapor or organic matter from the carbon fiber adsorber into the condenser for condensation. The gas then enters the upstream process for reprocessing through the gas-liquid separator's exhaust pipeline. The negative pressure process also removes moisture adhering to the carbon fiber surface, significantly reducing the carbon fiber's moisture content and making subsequent drying and cooling operations easier and shortening the drying time. During the negative pressure desiccation process, the carbon fiber adsorber's discharge valve is closed, and the desiccation fan extracts gas from the adsorber's sealed space, reducing the pressure inside the adsorber and lowering the saturated vapor pressure of vapor and organic matter, which facilitates the desorption of water and organic matter from the carbon fiber surface. The negative pressure process shortens the adsorber cycle switching time, allowing the same-sized adsorption device to process more organic components, thus improving the device's processing capacity.
[0018] Example 6 Based on Example 5, the drying and cooling unit 5 includes a drying fan connected to the carbon fiber adsorber via a drying pipe. After the negative pressure operation is completed, the temperature and humidity on the activated carbon fiber layer are very high, which is not conducive to the adsorption operation to be carried out. Therefore, sufficient fresh cold air is used to purge the carbon fiber layer to achieve the purpose of cooling and drying the activated carbon fiber adsorbent. The cold air is introduced into the carbon fiber adsorber by the drying fan. Before entering the device, the fresh air first passes through a drying filter to trap impurities and particulate matter, and the clean air participates in the drying and cooling of the adsorber. When a lot of dust and impurities accumulate on the filter, the resistance in front of the drying fan increases, the drying air volume decreases, and the air filtration efficiency decreases, which is not conducive to the drying and cooling of the adsorber. At this time, the filter screen should be removed and cleaned in time.
Claims
1. A carbon fiber adsorption-desorption system, characterized in that, The device includes a pretreatment unit (1), an adsorption treatment unit (2), a steam desorption unit (3), a negative pressure drying unit (4), a drying and cooling unit (5), and a metering and recovery unit (6). The pretreatment unit (1) is used to reduce the temperature of the waste gas to below 40°C. The adsorption treatment unit (2) includes a carbon fiber adsorber. The pretreatment unit (1) is connected to the carbon fiber adsorber. The carbon fiber adsorber is connected to the metering and recovery unit (6) through the negative pressure drying unit (4). The steam desorption unit (3) includes a steam pipe. The steam pipe is used to purge the activated carbon fiber bed of the carbon fiber adsorber. The drying and cooling unit (5) is used to cool and dry the adsorbent on the activated carbon fiber bed.
2. The carbon fiber adsorption-desorption system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment unit (1) includes a filter and an exhaust gas heat exchanger. The filter is connected to the exhaust gas heat exchanger, and the exhaust gas heat exchanger is connected to a carbon fiber adsorber. A flame arrester is provided at the exhaust gas inlet of the carbon fiber adsorber.
3. The carbon fiber adsorption-desorption system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The carbon fiber adsorber is provided in at least two units, and multiple carbon fiber adsorbers are connected in parallel. One carbon fiber adsorber performs the adsorption operation, while the other carbon fiber adsorbers perform the regeneration operation.
4. The carbon fiber adsorption-desorption system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The negative pressure desiccation unit (4) includes a vortex air pump, the carbon fiber adsorber is connected to the vortex air pump through a pipe, and the vortex air pump is connected to the metering and recovery unit (6).
5. The carbon fiber adsorption-desorption system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The metering and recovery unit (6) includes a condenser, a separation device and a cooler. The vortex air pump is connected to the condenser, the cooler is connected to the cooler outlet of the carbon fiber adsorber, and both the condenser and the cooler are connected to the separation device.
6. The carbon fiber adsorption-desorption system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drying and cooling unit (5) includes a drying fan, which is connected to a carbon fiber adsorber through a drying pipe.