Multistage shunt low-resistance liquid distributor and distribution device

Abstract

The utility model discloses multistage partial flow low resistance liquid distributor, including distributor body, and the distributor body includes the head, is equipped with a plurality of guide orifices in the head bottom, and a plurality of guide orifices have the guide short -tube of one -to -one corresponding match, and every guide short -tube is welded fixed with the head. Still disclose multistage partial flow low resistance liquid uniform distribution device, including reactor and the multistage partial flow low resistance liquid distributor of welding fixed in reactor inner wall. The utility model provides the uniform distribution device of distributor can improve fluid distribution uniformity, reduce the coking rate and prolong equipment maintenance cycle significantly, has realized the breakthrough of distribution efficiency and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of petrochemical reaction equipment, and relates to a multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distributor, as well as a multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distribution device. Background Technology

[0002] In the production of petroleum resins, asphalt, polymers, and other products, heat treatment such as hydrorefining and thermal polymerization are critical processes. These process media typically have extremely high viscosity, and their rheological properties become even more complex under high-temperature and high-pressure reaction conditions. Currently, the commonly used industrial reactor feeding method involves high-viscosity liquids entering the reactor body space, which has a diameter much larger than the pipe diameter, through a relatively narrow inlet pipe. This process causes a geometric increase in the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid flow channel, a sudden decrease in flow velocity, and a sharp decline in fluid kinetic energy. Due to this abrupt change in the flow channel structure, and the poor diffusion and easy adhesion characteristics of high-viscosity fluids, it is difficult to achieve uniform distribution of the liquid on the top cross-section of the reactor bed, such as the catalyst bed. The liquid often preferentially chooses the path of least resistance, resulting in undesirable distribution phenomena such as "channeling" and "wall flow." This uneven distribution can lead to a series of serious problems, such as insufficient contact between reactants and catalysts, resulting in over-reaction in some areas and under-reaction in others, severely affecting the uniformity of product quality and reaction conversion rate, and causing low reaction efficiency; uneven distribution can lead to the formation of local hot spots in the reactor, which can easily trigger side reactions such as cracking and condensation in high-viscosity media, causing organic matter to coke and generate coke-like substances. Coking can block catalyst channels and reactor beds, causing a sharp increase in pressure drop, forcing unplanned shutdowns of the unit, and severely shortening the production cycle; when high-viscosity media enter the reactor under high pressure, if there is no effective buffering mechanism, it will generate strong impact and vibration on the distributor and internal components of the reactor. Long-term operation will threaten the structural integrity and safety of the equipment and increase maintenance costs.

[0003] To improve liquid distribution, several liquid distributors have been disclosed in the prior art. For example, the single-tube distributor is the simplest structure, typically introducing liquid into the reactor through only one feed pipe. This structure cannot achieve any effective planar distribution and is only suitable for tubular reactors with very low distribution requirements, failing to meet the needs of large tower or batch reactors. Furthermore, single-point feeding results in poor initial mixing of the material with the catalyst or other components. Another common structure is the straight-tube orifice liquid distributor, which has several diversion holes in the straight tube wall. Although its structure is an improvement over the single-tube distributor, its distribution uniformity remains poor. This is because a pressure drop occurs when the liquid flows within the straight tube, resulting in high pressure and high velocity near the feed end of the orifice, while low pressure and slow velocity occur further away, creating an uneven distribution phenomenon of "rushing at the front and dripping at the back." This problem is particularly pronounced for highly viscous media, as high-viscosity fluids find it more difficult to compensate for this initial uneven distribution through their own flow. Therefore, this type of distributor still struggles to meet process requirements in situations where high liquid distribution is required, especially when handling high-viscosity media such as petroleum resins and asphalt that are prone to coking.

[0004] With the increasing demands from the industry for high-efficiency production, long-term stable operation of equipment, and economic efficiency and safety of project investment, developing a new type of distribution device that can fundamentally solve the problem of uneven distribution of high-viscosity media, while also having high-pressure impact buffering and effective anti-coking functions, has become an urgent technical challenge in this field. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-stage, low-resistance liquid distributor that solves the problems of uneven fluid distribution, lack of pressure buffering, and easy coking in the prior art.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide a multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distribution device.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this utility model is a multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distributor, including a distributor body, the distributor body including a head, the bottom of the head having a plurality of guide holes, each of the plurality of guide holes being matched with a guide short tube, and each guide short tube being welded and fixed to the head.

[0008] The features of this utility model also include: The axis of the guide tube is perpendicular to the tangential surface of the end cap at its connection point.

[0009] The angle between the cut surface and the side closest to the central axis of the head is acute.

[0010] The distance L from the end of the guide tube to the bottom of the end cap is 100mm to 250mm.

[0011] The flow guide tubes are fixed to the outer surface of the head in a circumferentially distributed and radially arrayed manner, and the flow guide tubes are connected to the inner cavity of the head.

[0012] The flow guide tubes are fixed to the outer surface of the head in a circumferentially evenly distributed or radially arrayed manner, and the flow guide tubes are connected to the inner cavity of the head.

[0013] The guide tubes are arranged in a radial concentric array, with the number of guide tubes gradually increasing from the center of the end cap outwards.

[0014] Another technical solution adopted by this utility model is a multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distribution device, including a reactor and a multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distributor welded and fixed to the inner wall of the reactor.

[0015] Another feature of this utility model is that: A liquid inlet manifold is provided at the top of the reactor, and the distance H between the bottom of the liquid inlet manifold and the end cap is 300mm to 800mm.

[0016] The bottom of the head is a downward-concave curved surface, and the longitudinal section profile of the head is an ellipse with the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipse greater than 2.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: This invention relates to a multi-stage, low-resistance liquid distributor. It uses short guide tubes to compensate for pressure loss during liquid flow, effectively distributing the liquid evenly within the reactor. Compared to traditional methods where liquid enters the reactor directly through pipes, this results in smaller flow deviations between guide tubes, preventing localized overheating that could lead to product defects. It also improves the adaptability to non-Newtonian fluids and mitigates problems caused by excessive flow distribution deviations due to shear thinning effects, which can lead to excessive localized temperature gradients. The two-stage pressure-reducing structure—the end cap and the short guide tubes—in this multi-stage, low-resistance liquid distributor and its distribution device progressively reduces the inlet pressure to the working pressure, preventing high-pressure impacts that could lead to catalyst failure, product defects, and frequent downtime for maintenance. Furthermore, the uniform temperature distribution reduces the formation of self-polymers in the liquid, decreasing impurities and reducing product contamination. It also lowers the rate of increase in fouling thermal resistance, significantly reducing equipment cleaning frequency and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distributor of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distribution device of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a top view of the multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distribution device of this utility model.

[0019] In the diagram, 1. Reactor; 2. Liquid inlet manifold; 3. Distributor body; 4. End cap; 5. Flow guide hole; 6. Flow guide short pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Multi-stage low-resistance liquid distributor, such as Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a distributor body 3, which includes a head 4. The bottom of the head 4 has several guide holes 5, and each guide hole 5 is matched with a guide tube 6. Each guide tube 6 is welded and fixed to the head 4.

[0022] The axis of the guide tube 6 is perpendicular to the tangential surface of the end cap 4 at its connection point.

[0023] The angle between the cut surface and the side closest to the central axis of the head 4 is acute.

[0024] The distance L between the end of the guide tube 6 and the bottom of the end cap 4 is 100mm to 250mm.

[0025] The flow guide tubes 6 are fixed to the outer surface of the end cap 4 in a circumferentially evenly distributed and radially arrayed manner, and the flow guide tubes 6 are connected to the inner cavity of the end cap 4.

[0026] The flow guide tubes 6 are fixed to the outer surface of the end cap 4 in a circumferentially evenly distributed or radially arrayed manner, and the flow guide tubes 6 are connected to the inner cavity of the end cap 4.

[0027] The flow guide tubes 6 are arranged in a radial concentric array, and the number of flow guide tubes 6 gradually increases from the center of the head 4 outwards.

[0028] Multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distribution device, such as Figure 2-3 As shown, it includes reactor 1 and a multi-stage low-resistance liquid distributor welded and fixed to the inner wall of reactor 1.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, a liquid inlet manifold 2 is provided at the top of the reactor 1, and the distance H between the bottom of the liquid inlet manifold 2 and the end cap 4 is 300mm to 800mm.

[0030] The bottom of the head 4 is a downward-concave curved surface, and the longitudinal section profile of the head 4 is an ellipse with the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipse greater than 2.

[0031] Example 1 Multi-stage low-resistance liquid distributor, such as Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a distributor body 3, which includes a head 4. The bottom of the head 4 has several guide holes 5, and each guide hole 5 is matched with a guide tube 6. Each guide tube 6 is welded and fixed to the head 4.

[0032] Example 2 Multi-stage low-resistance liquid distributor, such as Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a distributor body 3, which includes a head 4. The bottom of the head 4 has several guide holes 5, and each guide hole 5 is matched with a guide tube 6. Each guide tube 6 is welded and fixed to the head 4.

[0033] The axis of the guide tube 6 is perpendicular to the tangential surface of the end cap 4 at its connection point.

[0034] The angle between the cut surface and the side closest to the central axis of the head 4 is acute.

[0035] The distance between the end of the guide tube 6 and the bottom of the end cap 4 is 100mm to 250mm.

[0036] Example 3 Multi-stage low-resistance liquid distributor, such as Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a distributor body 3, which includes a head 4. The bottom of the head 4 has several guide holes 5, and each guide hole 5 is matched with a guide tube 6. Each guide tube 6 is welded and fixed to the head 4.

[0037] The axis of the guide tube 6 is perpendicular to the tangential surface of the end cap 4 at its connection point.

[0038] The angle between the cut surface and the side closest to the central axis of the head 4 is acute.

[0039] The distance between the end of the guide tube 6 and the bottom of the end cap 4 is 100mm to 250mm.

[0040] The flow guide tubes 6 are fixed to the outer surface of the end cap 4 in a circumferentially evenly distributed and radially arrayed manner, and the flow guide tubes 6 are connected to the inner cavity of the end cap 4.

[0041] Example 4 Multi-stage low-resistance liquid distributor, such as Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a distributor body 3, which includes a head 4. The bottom of the head 4 has several guide holes 5, and each guide hole 5 is matched with a guide tube 6. Each guide tube 6 is welded and fixed to the head 4.

[0042] The axis of the guide tube 6 is perpendicular to the tangential surface of the end cap 4 at its connection point.

[0043] The angle between the cut surface and the side closest to the central axis of the head 4 is acute.

[0044] The distance between the end of the guide tube 6 and the bottom of the end cap 4 is 100mm to 250mm.

[0045] The flow guide tubes 6 are fixed to the outer surface of the end cap 4 in a circumferentially evenly distributed or radially arrayed manner, and the flow guide tubes 6 are connected to the inner cavity of the end cap 4.

[0046] Example 5 Multi-stage low-resistance liquid distributor, such as Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a distributor body 3, which includes a head 4. The bottom of the head 4 has several guide holes 5, and each guide hole 5 is matched with a guide tube 6. Each guide tube 6 is welded and fixed to the head 4.

[0047] The axis of the guide tube 6 is perpendicular to the tangential surface of the end cap 4 at its connection point.

[0048] The angle between the cut surface and the side closest to the central axis of the head 4 is acute.

[0049] The distance between the end of the guide tube 6 and the bottom of the end cap 4 is 100mm to 250mm.

[0050] The flow guide tubes 6 are fixed to the outer surface of the end cap 4 in a circumferentially evenly distributed and / or radially arrayed manner, and the flow guide tubes 6 are connected to the inner cavity of the end cap 4.

[0051] The flow guide tubes 6 are arranged in a radial concentric array, and the number of flow guide tubes 6 gradually increases from the center of the head 4 outwards.

[0052] Example 6 Multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distribution device, such as Figure 2-3 As shown, it includes reactor 1 and a multi-stage low-resistance liquid distributor welded and fixed to the inner wall of reactor 1.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, a liquid inlet manifold 2 is provided at the top of the reactor 1, and the distance H between the bottom of the liquid inlet manifold 2 and the end cap 4 is 300mm to 800mm.

[0054] The bottom of the head 4 is a downward-concave curved surface, and the longitudinal section profile of the head 4 is an ellipse with the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipse greater than 2.

[0055] Example 7 This embodiment uses the multi-stage splitting low-resistance liquid distribution device provided in Embodiment 6 for the heat treatment of C5 hydrogenated petroleum resin. The C5 resin material is introduced into the head 4 located inside the reactor 1 via the liquid inlet manifold 2 at a flow rate of 3400 kg / h. The head 4 has an expansion channel structure, which allows for initial pressure distribution and uniform velocity reduction of the fluid before it enters the distributor. Subsequently, the fluid is divided into multiple micro-streams through the guide pipes 6 on the distributor body 3. This arrangement compensates for system pressure loss, and by rationally setting the number of guide holes 5, the flow distribution between the area near the outer wall and the central area of ​​the reactor is balanced, thereby ensuring that the pressure difference between each channel is controlled within a small range. The guide pipes 6 at the bottom of the head 4 provide local acceleration of the fluid, effectively disrupting the boundary layer formed on the inner surface of the head 4 and inhibiting resin condensation and coking caused by excessively low flow velocity or stagnation. After uniform distribution and acceleration, the C5 resin liquid fully contacts the catalyst in the reactor 1 and undergoes a hydrogenation reaction, ultimately yielding a high-quality hydrogenated petroleum resin product.

[0056] This embodiment achieves uniform distribution and stable flow of fluid across the cross-section of reactor 1 through the synergistic effect of flow diversion and pressure compensation, significantly reducing the risk of coking and improving reaction efficiency and product qualification rate.

Claims

1. A multi-stage, low-resistance liquid distributor, characterized in that, The device includes a distributor body (3), which includes a head (4). The bottom of the head (4) is provided with a plurality of guide holes (5). Each of the guide holes (5) is matched with a guide tube (6). Each guide tube (6) is welded and fixed to the head (4).

2. The multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axis of the guide tube (6) is perpendicular to the tangent of the end cap (4) at its connection point.

3. The multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the cut surface and the central axis of the head (4) is acute.

4. The multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance L between the end of the guide tube (6) and the bottom of the end cap (4) is 100mm to 250mm.

5. The multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide tube (6) is fixed to the outer surface of the end cap (4) in a circumferentially evenly distributed and radially arrayed manner, and the guide tube (6) is connected to the inner cavity of the end cap (4).

6. The multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide tube (6) is fixed to the outer surface of the end cap (4) in a circumferentially evenly distributed or radially arrayed manner, and the guide tube (6) is connected to the inner cavity of the end cap (4).

7. The multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distributor according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The guide tubes (6) are arranged in a radial concentric array, and the number of guide tubes (6) gradually increases from the center of the end cap (4) outward.

8. A multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distribution device, characterized in that, It includes a reactor (1) and a multi-stage low-resistance liquid distributor as described in any one of claims 1-6, which is welded and fixed to the inner wall of the reactor (1).

9. The multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distribution device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The reactor (1) has a liquid inlet manifold (2) at the top, and the distance H between the bottom of the liquid inlet manifold (2) and the end cap (4) is 300mm to 800mm.

10. The multi-stage diversion low-resistance liquid distribution device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The bottom of the end cap (4) is a downwardly concave curved surface, and the longitudinal section profile of the end cap (4) is an ellipse with the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipse greater than 2.

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