Oil curtain structure for improving efficiency of tire oil suspension bed hydrogenation reactor

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of oil curtain structures for improving the efficiency of tire oil suspension bed hydrogenation reactor, including reactor body;With the dismounting connection of reactor body top cover;Piping is set on top cover and extends to the inside of reactor body;Scattering baffle is set in the inside of reactor body and is located just below piping, and height adjusting component is provided on reactor body, and the height adjusting component is connected with scattering baffle;Radial guide vane is arranged in the circumferential arrangement of reactor body inner wall;The beneficial effects of the utility model are that: bowl-shaped scattering baffle turns columnar oil flow into umbrella-shaped oil film, and continuous oil curtain is formed by cooperating with radial guide vane with micro-groove, which greatly increases the contact area of tire oil, hydrogen and catalyst, and improves the reaction efficiency;Height adjusting component can dynamically adjust the distance between scattering baffle and piping according to the physical properties of raw oil, to ensure that stable and uniform umbrella-shaped oil film can be formed under different working conditions, and the adaptability of oil film dispersion effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of petrochemical equipment technology, specifically relating to an oil curtain structure for improving the efficiency of a tire oil suspension bed hydrogenation reactor. Background Technology

[0002] In the tire oil processing sector of the petrochemical industry, slurry-bed hydrotreating is the core process for achieving the lightening and purification of tire oil. Its reaction efficiency directly determines the conversion quality and production economy of tire oil. As a product of waste tire pyrolysis, tire oil has a complex composition and contains a large amount of gum, asphaltenes, and metallic impurities. During the hydrotreating process, the contact state between the oil, hydrogen, and catalyst plays a decisive role in the reaction depth, selectivity, and catalyst lifespan. However, current tire oil slurry-bed hydrotreating reactors generally face technical bottlenecks in the feed distribution stage, which seriously restricts the improvement of overall process efficiency.

[0003] From the perspective of the current industry situation, the feed distribution technology of existing tire oil suspension bed hydrotreating reactors is mainly based on traditional heavy oil hydrotreating units and has not been specifically optimized for the special physical properties of tire oil, resulting in many problems in actual operation. The current mainstream feed distribution schemes can be roughly divided into two categories: one is the traditional structure represented by a fixed bed reactor with anti-deviation flow patent publication number CN115738915B. This type of device achieves initial dispersion of oil flow by setting an overflow weir, which can alleviate the problem of oil deviation to a certain extent. However, due to the structural design, its dispersion effect on oil flow is limited. The effective contact area between oil and catalyst can only reach 8.5 m² / m³. For tire oil with higher viscosity and more complex impurity content, it is difficult to meet the mass transfer efficiency requirements of deep hydrotreating reaction. A large amount of hydrogen does not participate in the reaction because it cannot fully contact the oil, resulting in waste of hydrogen resources. At the same time, it also leads to a high content of heavy components in the reaction products, increasing the cost of subsequent separation and purification.

[0004] Another type is the precision mass transfer structure represented by the microchannel reactor from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. This technology uses microscale channels to achieve forced mixing of oil and hydrogen, and theoretically has a high mass transfer efficiency. However, tire oil contains a large amount of gum and solid impurities, which are prone to deposition and blockage in the microchannels, resulting in a significant reduction in equipment operating cycle. Frequent shutdowns for cleaning not only increase maintenance costs but also seriously affect production continuity. In addition, the microchannel structure requires high manufacturing precision, has high processing costs, and is difficult to scale up for application, making it unsuitable for the processing scale of industrial-grade tire oil hydrotreating reactors. Therefore, its practicality in the field of tire oil processing is greatly limited.

[0005] Among the many existing technical solutions, the one most similar to the application scenario of this utility model is the reactor distribution plate with fully wear-resistant baffles in patent publication number CN202105640U. This solution, through the structural design of round steel hanging columns and double-sided welding, mainly solves the problem of baffle detachment caused by high-speed oil flow impact in traditional distribution plates, and has certain improvements in structural stability and wear resistance, extending the service life of the baffles. However, this solution only focuses on optimizing structural strength and does not make any targeted design for the flow pattern of the oil. The oil still falls directly into the catalyst bed in columnar form. This feeding method not only has problems such as low catalyst utilization and severe equipment wear, but more importantly, it cannot solve the extremely harmful wall flow problem in the hydrogenation reaction of tire oil, and there are currently no other technical solutions in the industry that can effectively overcome this problem.

[0006] Specifically, the negative impact of wall flow is further amplified in this design, with no targeted mitigation or solution: First, during the descent of the columnar oil flow, due to factors such as reactor inner wall roughness, oil viscosity differences, and airflow disturbances, approximately 40%-50% of the oil forms a "wall flow layer" along the reactor inner wall. This wall flow layer is completely detached from the effective reaction zone of the catalyst bed, unable to fully mix and transfer with the hydrogen in the bed, and also unable to contact the catalyst particles for hydrogenation, directly resulting in a dead zone ratio of over 35%, significantly compressing the effective reaction volume of the reactor. Simultaneously, the oil in the wall flow zone, not participating in the normal reaction, remains in a high-temperature stagnant state for extended periods, making it highly susceptible to thermal polymerization to generate coke. This coke gradually accumulates on the reactor inner wall and at the edge of the catalyst bed, further exacerbating the wall flow phenomenon and potentially causing the reactor to... Localized overheating poses a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of the equipment, and is extremely difficult to clean, requiring frequent shutdowns and significantly increasing production and maintenance costs. Secondly, the proposed solution does not include any guidance or blocking design for the flow path and morphology of the wall flow. During its descent, the wall flow continuously erodes the inner wall and bottom components of the reactor. In addition, tire oil contains a large amount of gum and solid impurities, and the high-speed wall flow will cause severe abrasive damage to the inner wall of the equipment, shortening its service life. At the same time, the impurities carried by the wall flow will accumulate at the bottom of the reactor, contaminating the product oil and increasing the difficulty and cost of subsequent separation and purification. Thirdly, compared with ordinary heavy oil, tire oil has a higher viscosity (usually 50-150 mPa·s at room temperature) and a richer gum content. The wall flow phenomenon is more prominent under column feed, and the proposed solution has not been adapted and optimized for the special physical properties of tire oil, resulting in a more severe wall flow problem in the tire oil hydrogenation scenario. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an oil curtain structure that improves the efficiency of a tire oil suspension bed hydrogenation reactor, thereby achieving efficient contact between the oil, hydrogen, and catalyst, reducing reaction dead zones, and minimizing the impact and wear of high-speed oil flow on the equipment and catalyst, thus improving the reactor's reaction efficiency and operational stability.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an oil curtain structure for improving the efficiency of a tire oil suspension bed hydrogenation reactor, comprising: Reactor body; The top cover is detachably connected to the reactor body; Pipes installed on the top cover and extending into the interior of the reactor body; A scattering baffle is installed inside the reactor body and directly below the pipe, and a height adjustment component is installed on the reactor body, which is connected to the scattering baffle. Radial guide vanes are arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the reactor body.

[0009] Preferably, the height adjustment component includes a hydraulic cylinder mounted on the reactor body and a round steel column located at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder and connected to the scattering baffle.

[0010] Preferably, microgrooves are formed on the radial guide plate.

[0011] Preferably, the scattering baffle is bowl-shaped, and the radius of curvature of the scattering baffle is 1.5-3 times the diameter of the pipe.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes an upper flange located at the top of the reactor body and a lower flange located at the bottom of the top cover and detachably connected to the upper flange.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: The bowl-shaped scattering baffle transforms the columnar oil flow into an umbrella-shaped oil film, which, together with the radial guide vanes with microgrooves, forms a continuous oil curtain, significantly increasing the contact area between tire oil and hydrogen and catalyst, thereby improving reaction efficiency. The height adjustment component can dynamically adjust the distance between the scattering baffle and the pipeline according to the physical properties of the raw oil, ensuring that a stable and uniform umbrella-shaped oil film can be formed under different working conditions, thus improving the adaptability of the oil film dispersion effect. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Reactor body; 11. Upper flange; 2. Top cover; 21. Lower flange; 3. Pipeline; 4. Dispersion baffle; 5. Hydraulic cylinder; 51. Round steel hanging column; 9. Radial guide vane. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model. Example 1

[0016] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides an oil curtain structure for improving the efficiency of a tire oil suspension bed hydrotreating reactor, comprising: Reactor body 1, as the core container for the tire oil hydrogenation reaction, provides a closed space for the entire reaction and is the basic carrier for realizing the high temperature and high pressure hydrogenation reaction. It ensures that the reaction proceeds stably under the preset process conditions and guarantees the safety and continuity of the reaction. The top cover 2, which is detachably connected to the reactor body 1, facilitates the installation, inspection and replacement of internal reactor components, reducing the difficulty of equipment maintenance. The pipe 3, which is installed on the top cover 2 and extends into the reactor body 1, allows the raw oil to be directly transported to the top of the scattering baffle 4. A scattering baffle 4 is installed inside the reactor body 1 and located directly below the pipe 3. The reactor body 1 is equipped with a height adjustment component connected to the scattering baffle 4. The scattering baffle 4 is located directly below the pipe 3 and can directly receive the impact of the columnar flow of raw oil. Through its structure, it transforms the columnar flow into an umbrella-shaped oil film, thereby expanding the oil dispersion area. The height adjustment component can dynamically adjust the distance between the scattering baffle 4 and the pipe 3 according to the physical properties of the raw oil, ensuring that a stable and uniform umbrella-shaped oil film can be formed under different operating conditions, thus improving the adaptability of the oil film dispersion effect. Radial guide vanes 9 are arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the reactor body 1. The radial guide vanes 9 can further transform the umbrella-shaped oil film into a continuous cylindrical oil curtain, increasing the contact area between the oil and hydrogen and the catalyst.

[0017] In this embodiment, preferably, the height adjustment component includes a hydraulic cylinder 5 installed on the reactor body 1, and a round steel column 51 located at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 5 and connected to the scattering baffle 4. The hydraulic cylinder 5 serves as a driving element, enabling precise stepless adjustment of the height of the scattering baffle 4. It has a fast response speed, high adjustment accuracy, and can adapt to fluctuations in the physical properties of the raw oil in real time. The round steel column 51 is made of high-strength steel, has high connection strength, can stably support the scattering baffle 4, resist the impact of high-speed oil flow, and ensure structural stability.

[0018] In this embodiment, preferably, to achieve efficient conversion from "columnar flow" to "umbrella-shaped oil film" and then to "cylindrical oil curtain," and to fundamentally eliminate wall flow, microgrooves are formed on the radial guide vanes 9; the radial guide vanes 9 are uniformly distributed circumferentially along the inner wall of the reactor, and the spatial position of their top ends is precisely matched with the edge trajectory of the umbrella-shaped oil film formed by the scattering baffle 4. Specifically, the following two preferred schemes are adopted to ensure that the umbrella-shaped oil film diffusing in space can be immediately gathered and guided by the vertical baffle, rather than splashed onto the reactor wall: Option A: Top Edge Capture Design Please see Figure 2 The top of the radial guide vane 9 is located within the coverage area of ​​the umbrella-shaped oil film formed by the scattering baffle 4. When the scattering baffle 4 transforms the columnar oil flow into a continuous umbrella-shaped oil film that diffuses outward and downward in space, the edge of the oil film will directly contact the inner wall of the radial guide vane 9 during its fall, instead of continuing to scatter outward to the inner wall of the reactor. The radial guide vane 9, through its own vertical guiding structure, smoothly guides the converging umbrella-shaped oil film along the surface of the guide vane downward, so that the originally radially diffused umbrella-shaped oil film is evenly divided into multiple continuous vertical oil flows, which eventually converge to form a complete cylindrical oil curtain covering the cross-section of the reactor, ensuring that the oil film does not contact the reactor wall throughout the process, and completely blocking the path of wall flow generation. Option B: Integrated Design The scattering baffle 4 and the circumferentially distributed radial guide vanes 9 are structurally designed as a continuous guiding surface. The edge of the bowl-shaped surface of the scattering baffle 4 smoothly transitions to the vertical guide surface of the radial guide vanes 9. When the columnar oil flow impacts the scattering baffle 4 to form an umbrella-shaped oil film, the oil film can smoothly and directly enter the guide channel of the radial guide vanes 9 without splashing under the guiding effect, and can be converged and guided by the guide vanes without spatial transition. This integrated structure not only eliminates the risk of oil film scattering in the transition area, but also further optimizes the oil film flow pattern through the curvature matching design of the scattering baffle surface and the guide vanes, making the oil film more uniform and uninterrupted in the process of transforming into a cylindrical oil curtain. At the same time, it simplifies the assembly process of the internal components of the equipment and improves the stability and impact resistance of the overall structure.

[0019] Regardless of which scheme is adopted, the microgrooves on the surface of the radial guide vane 9 play a key auxiliary role: the microgrooves are set along the height direction of the guide vane, and the capillary action can form a precise guiding and uniform distribution effect on the oil film, counteract the local convergence tendency caused by the surface tension of the oil film, prevent the oil film from being uneven in thickness or interrupted on the surface of the guide vane, ensure that the flow rate of each segmented oil flow is consistent and the flow rate is stable, and the final cylindrical oil curtain has high uniformity, providing a stable mass transfer basis for the full contact between tire oil, hydrogen and catalyst.

[0020] In this embodiment, preferably, the scattering baffle 4 is bowl-shaped, and the radius of curvature of the scattering baffle 4 is 1.5-3 times the diameter of the pipe 3. The bowl-shaped structure utilizes the guiding effect of the curved surface to evenly diffuse the columnar oil flow into an umbrella-shaped oil film, avoiding oil splashing or local liquid accumulation. The radius of curvature is set to 1.5-3 times the diameter of the pipe 3, which is a parameter range optimized based on the viscosity of tire oil and the feed linear velocity. This ensures that the oil film is neither overly dispersed and breaks during the diffusion process, nor does it concentrate and affect the dispersion effect, thus achieving the optimization of the oil film morphology.

[0021] In this embodiment, preferably, an upper flange 11 is disposed at the top of the reactor body 1, and a lower flange 21 is disposed at the bottom of the top cover 2 and detachably connected to the upper flange 11, so that the top cover 2 can be opened and closed conveniently, facilitating the inspection, cleaning and component replacement inside the reactor, shortening equipment maintenance time and improving production efficiency. Example 2

[0022] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 This is the second embodiment of the present invention, which is based on the previous embodiment, but differs in that: The entire diffuser baffle 4 is a shallow bowl design; D is the radius of the oil outlet pipe. The typical linear velocity of heavy oil feed is 8-12 m / s. Rr is the radius of curvature of the bowl-shaped circle, ranging from 1.2 to 1.5D; Ra is the radius of the curve at the bottom of the bowl, ranging from 3 to 3.8D; H is the depth of the bowl, ranging from 0.28 to 0.32D; The curvature ratio Ra / Rr is 2.2-2.6.

[0023] The dual curvature design of this invention (Ra / Rr=2.2-2.6) is based on the optimization of the Weber number (We) in fluid dynamics; the large axial curvature (Ra) reduces the kinetic energy of the oil through viscous dissipation and prevents splashing; the small radial curvature (Rr) provides strong centrifugal force to promote oil film spreading; the two work together to control the We number after impact within the ideal range of 80-100, ensuring the formation of a stable umbrella-shaped oil film with a thickness of 2-5mm.

[0024] The microgrooves on the surface of the radial guide vane 9 actively guide the oil film spreading through the generated capillary negative pressure (based on the Yang-Laplace equation). This capillary force effectively overcomes surface tension, inhibits oil film contraction and breakage, and ensures that the umbrella-shaped oil film can be seamlessly transformed into a continuous, uniform, vertical cylindrical oil curtain, thereby fundamentally solving the wall flow problem. The distance Ho between the baffle and the oil inlet satisfies: 1.2D≤ Ho≤ 1.8D, which can be dynamically adjusted by a hydraulic lifting mechanism with an adjustment range of ±0.3D; it can also be set according to the Reynolds number (Re) of mainstream production oils, Re=ρvD / μ (ρ: density, v: flow velocity, D: pipe diameter, μ: viscosity). The control unit of the hydraulic lifting mechanism receives the real-time Reynolds number (Re) signal and executes the following strategy: a) When Re < 1000, set Ho = 1.2D - 1.3D; b) When 1000≤Re≤3000, set Ho=1.4D-1.6D; c) When Re>3000, set Ho=1.7D-1.8D.

[0025] It also includes a wear monitoring system, in which resistive wear sensors are installed on the scattering baffle 4 and the radial guide plate 9, and the sensor signals are connected to an external monitoring terminal.

[0026] The working principle and usage process of this utility model are as follows: Based on the viscosity and flow rate of the tire oil to be treated, the round steel column 51 is driven by the hydraulic cylinder 5 to adjust the distance between the scattering baffle 4 and the pipeline 3. Tire oil is transported to the reactor through pipeline 3. The columnar oil flow impacts the bowl-shaped scattering baffle 4 to form an umbrella-shaped oil film. The edge of the oil film contacts the radial guide plate 9 and spreads along the micro-grooves of the radial guide plate 9 to form a continuous cylindrical oil curtain. If the physical properties of the tire oil fluctuate during the reaction, the height of the scattering baffle 4 is finely adjusted by the hydraulic cylinder 5; the reaction status is monitored in real time to ensure that the hydrogenation reaction proceeds efficiently.

[0027] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An oil curtain structure for improving the efficiency of a tire oil suspension bed hydrogenation reactor, characterized in that, include: Reactor body (1); Top cover (2) that is detachably connected to the reactor body (1); Pipes (3) are installed on the top cover (2) and extend into the reactor body (1). A scattering baffle (4) is installed inside the reactor body (1) and located directly below the pipe (3), and a height adjustment component is provided on the reactor body (1), the height adjustment component being connected to the scattering baffle (4); Radial guide vanes (9) are arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the reactor body (1).

2. The oil curtain structure for improving the efficiency of a tire oil suspension bed hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height adjustment component includes a hydraulic cylinder (5) installed on the reactor body (1) and a round steel column (51) located at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (5) and connected to the scattering baffle (4).

3. The oil curtain structure for improving the efficiency of a tire oil suspension bed hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Microgrooves are formed on the radial guide plate (9).

4. The oil curtain structure for improving the efficiency of a tire oil suspension bed hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scattering baffle (4) is bowl-shaped, and the radius of curvature of the scattering baffle (4) is 1.5-3 times the diameter of the pipe (3).

5. The oil curtain structure for improving the efficiency of a tire oil suspension bed hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an upper flange (11) located at the top of the reactor body (1) and a lower flange (21) located at the bottom of the top cover (2) and connected to the upper flange (11) for disassembly and assembly.

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