Combined reactor for the synthesis of hollow spheres and nanosheets

Abstract

The application provides a combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets, which comprises a reaction kettle, an inner reaction kettle and an outer reaction kettle coaxially arranged, a sandwich cavity formed between the inner reaction kettle and the outer reaction kettle, a circulating water inlet and a circulating water outlet arranged in the sandwich cavity, and a temperature measuring unit arranged on the outer reaction kettle; one or more feeding ports are arranged on the top of the reaction kettle, and a discharging port is arranged on the bottom of the reaction kettle; a stirring mechanism is arranged, which comprises a stirring shaft penetrating through the top of the reaction kettle and connected with a plurality of stirring paddle assemblies at the tail end; a high-speed homogenizer is arranged, and the working head of the high-speed homogenizer is arranged in the cavity of the reaction kettle, which is used for mixing and emulsifying an oil-water mixture to obtain hollow spheres and make the hollow spheres have a breaking reaction to obtain nanosheets; an ultrasonic rod is arranged, and the ultrasonic rod is at least partially arranged in the cavity of the reaction kettle; and a controller is arranged, which comprises or is connected to a temperature sensor arranged on the reaction kettle and a rotating speed sensor for monitoring the rotating speed of the stirring shaft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of industrial production equipment, and in particular to a combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, hollow spheres and nanosheets, as novel asymmetric structures, have become research hotspots in materials science. These two materials, due to their unique structural characteristics and excellent physicochemical properties, show broad application prospects in areas such as multiphase blending, oily wastewater treatment, and oil-water separation. Hollow spheres are typically composed of a matrix and two sides with different functional groups; this asymmetric structure enables them to exhibit excellent performance under specific conditions, such as enhanced adsorption capacity and selective separation ability. Nanosheets, on the other hand, have become the basis for many novel materials due to their high specific surface area and good dispersibility.

[0003] To synthesize these materials with asymmetric structures, various synthetic methods have been developed, including emulsion interface methods, phase separation methods, self-assembly methods, and microfluidic methods. Among these, the emulsion interface method is widely used because it can form hollow spheres with asymmetric structures at the oil-water interface. This method typically utilizes the immiscibility of oil and water to form hollow spheres through an emulsification process. Subsequently, the hollow spheres can be transformed into nanosheets using ultrasonic fragmentation technology, and finally, the desired product is obtained after drying.

[0004] While emulsion interface methods offer significant advantages for the synthesis of hollow spheres and nanosheets, particularly in mass production, their implementation in industrial applications still faces several challenges. However, no combined reactors compatible with emulsion interface technology have been reported to date, limiting their application in large-scale production. Therefore, developing novel reactor designs to improve the production efficiency and economics of emulsion interface methods has become an important research direction. Utility Model Content

[0005] To overcome or mitigate the shortcomings of the existing technology, one objective of this application is to provide a combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets. A high-speed homogenizer is installed inside the reactor to ensure thorough and uniform mixing and emulsification of the oil-water two-phase mixture. Furthermore, combined with a stirring mechanism and a circulating water bath, the emulsified mixture generates hollow spheres during the reaction. Simultaneously, an ultrasonic rod is also installed inside the reactor; through the action of ultrasound and the strong shearing force of the high-speed homogenizer, the hollow spheres are broken down and transformed into nanosheets.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present application may adopt the following technical solutions.

[0007] This application provides a combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets, comprising: a reactor including an inner reactor and an outer reactor arranged coaxially, with a sandwich cavity formed between the inner reactor and the outer reactor, the sandwich cavity having a circulating water inlet and a circulating water outlet, and the outer reactor having a temperature measuring unit; one or more feed inlets at the top of the reactor and a discharge outlet at the bottom of the reactor; a stirring mechanism including a stirring shaft penetrating the top of the reactor, the end of the stirring shaft being connected to a multi-layer stirring paddle assembly; a high-speed homogenizer, the working head of the high-speed homogenizer being disposed within the cavity of the reactor for mixing an emulsified oil-water mixture to obtain hollow spheres, and causing the hollow spheres to undergo a crushing reaction to obtain nanosheets; an ultrasonic rod, the ultrasonic rod being at least partially disposed within the cavity of the reactor; and a controller including or connected to a temperature sensor disposed within the reactor and a speed sensor for monitoring the rotational speed of the stirring shaft.

[0008] In at least one embodiment, the working head of the high-speed homogenizer includes an automatically switchable emulsifying working head and a crushing working head, which can be switched according to the needs of the reaction stage; wherein, the emulsifying working head includes a conical toothed ring structure, and the crushing working head includes a spiral blade structure.

[0009] In at least one embodiment, the emulsifying working head and the crushing working head are capable of moving up and down within the cavity of the reactor to adapt to the needs of different reaction conditions.

[0010] In at least one embodiment, the agitator assembly includes one or more three-bladed oblique impellers and one or more four-bladed oblique impellers.

[0011] In at least one embodiment, the ultrasonic rod is connected to a hydraulic lifting mechanism with a lifting stroke of 300-600 mm.

[0012] In at least one embodiment, the feed inlet of the reactor is equipped with a precision metering pump with a flow rate accuracy of ±1%; the discharge outlet of the reactor is connected to a pneumatic regulating valve with an adjustable opening range of 0, 5-100%.

[0013] In at least one embodiment, the discharge port is provided with a detachable conical filter cover, the filter cover comprising a double-layer structure of replaceable nanoscale and microscale filters for separating unreacted raw materials and final products.

[0014] In at least one embodiment, the interlayer cavity is provided with wave-shaped guide vanes arranged at intervals. The guide vanes are welded and fixed to the wall of the inner reactor or the wall of the outer reactor. The spacing between adjacent guide vanes is 20-50 mm, forming a continuous S-shaped circulating water path.

[0015] In at least one embodiment, the inner wall of the inner reactor is coated with an anti-corrosion layer to improve the durability and safety of the reactor. The anti-corrosion layer includes a polytetrafluoroethylene coating with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm.

[0016] In at least one embodiment, the controller is provided with a signal transmission interface, which is connected to the temperature measurement unit, the motor controller of the stirring shaft, and the high-speed homogenizer controller, respectively.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, this application provides a combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets, which can achieve mass production of hollow spheres and nanosheet products. This combined reactor, by incorporating a high-speed homogenizer and an ultrasonic rod, ensures that the oil-water two-phase mixture added to the reactor is thoroughly mixed and emulsified, generating hollow sphere products under specific reaction conditions. Furthermore, under high shear, the hollow spheres undergo a break-up reaction, thereby obtaining nanosheets. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets according to an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0020] 10. Reactor;

[0021] 11 Inner reactor; 12 Outer reactor; 13 Jacketed cavity; 14 Circulating water inlet; 15 Circulating water outlet; 16 Temperature measurement unit; 17 Feed inlet; 18 Discharge outlet;

[0022] 20. Stirring mechanism;

[0023] 21 Stirring shaft; 22 Stirring paddle assembly;

[0024] 30 High-speed homogenizer;

[0025] 40. Ultrasonic rod;

[0026] 50 controllers Detailed Implementation

[0027] Exemplary embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these specific descriptions are for teaching those skilled in the art how to implement this application only, and are not intended to exhaust all possible methods of this application, nor to limit the scope of this application.

[0028] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1As shown, embodiments of this application provide a combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets, which may include a reaction vessel 10, a stirring mechanism 20, a high-speed homogenizer 30, an ultrasonic rod 40, and a controller 50.

[0030] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, the reaction vessel 10 may include an inner reaction vessel 11 and an outer reaction vessel 12 arranged coaxially, providing a reaction site for the preparation of hollow spheres and nanosheets. The inner reaction vessel 11 has an inner cavity for containing a mixture of oil and water phases.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the top of the reactor 10 may be provided with one or more feed ports 17 for adding various solvents and reactants. The bottom center of the reactor 10 may also be provided with a discharge port 18 for discharging the reaction liquid.

[0032] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the feed inlet 17 of the reactor 10 may be equipped with a precision metering pump, the flow accuracy of which is ±1%. The discharge outlet 18 of the reactor 10 may be connected to a pneumatic regulating valve, the opening of which is adjustable within a range of 0, 5-100%, that is, the pneumatic regulating valve may be fully closed or its opening may be adjusted between 5-100%.

[0033] In addition, the discharge port 18 may be equipped with a detachable conical filter cover, which may include a double-layer structure of replaceable nano-scale filter and micro-scale filter for separating unreacted raw materials and final products to improve product purity.

[0034] Furthermore, a jacketed cavity 13 can be formed between the inner reactor 11 and the outer reactor 12 to store circulating water and maintain the temperature of the inner reactor 11. The jacketed cavity 13 is provided with a circulating water inlet 14 and a circulating water outlet 15 to facilitate the flow of circulating water. The outer reactor 12 is provided with a temperature measuring unit 16 to measure the temperature of the circulating water in the jacketed cavity 13, thereby maintaining a constant temperature for the reactor 10.

[0035] Preferably, in this embodiment, the interlayer cavity 13 may be provided with spaced-apart corrugated guide vanes, which are welded and fixed to the inner or outer reactor wall. The spacing between adjacent guide vanes is 20-50 mm, forming a continuous S-shaped circulating water path. In this way, the reaction in the reactor 10 can be carried out gently at a suitable temperature through the water bath.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the inner wall of the inner reactor 11 is coated with an anti-corrosion layer to improve the reactor's durability and safety. In this embodiment, the anti-corrosion layer can be a polytetrafluoroethylene coating with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm.

[0037] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, the stirring mechanism 20 may include a stirring shaft 21 extending through the top of the reactor 10, and a multi-layer stirring paddle assembly 22 connected to the end of the stirring shaft 21. Specifically, the stirring paddle assembly 22 may include one or more three-bladed inclined paddles and one or more four-bladed inclined paddles, thereby improving stirring efficiency and uniformity.

[0038] In this embodiment, the high-speed homogenizer 30 is used to thoroughly mix and emulsify the oil-water mixture under high-speed shear conditions to obtain hollow spheres. Furthermore, the high-speed homogenizer 30 can further cause the obtained hollow spheres to undergo a break-up reaction to obtain nanosheets.

[0039] Furthermore, the high-speed homogenizer 30 may include a liftable working head to ensure sufficient contact between the working head and the reaction liquid, thereby achieving thorough emulsification. The lifting and lowering of the working head will not affect the use of the stirring assembly. Specifically, the working head may include an automatically switching emulsifying working head and a crushing working head. The emulsifying working head includes a conical toothed ring structure, and the crushing working head includes a helical blade structure.

[0040] The high-speed homogenizer 30 can be switched according to the needs of different reaction stages. For example, in the emulsification stage, the high-speed homogenizer 30 uses an emulsification head to thoroughly mix the oil-water mixture, emulsify it, and obtain hollow spheres under high-speed shear force. In the crushing stage, the high-speed homogenizer 30 is replaced with a crushing head to crush the hollow spheres and obtain nanosheets.

[0041] In one possible embodiment, the high-speed homogenizer 30 may be equipped with a rotary switching mechanism for switching the head. For example, an emulsifying working head with a conical toothed ring structure and a crushing working head with a spiral blade structure may be symmetrically mounted on the rotary table.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the ultrasonic rod 40 can be used in the fragmentation stage to further break down the hollow sphere product under the action of ultrasound, obtaining the nanosheet product. Furthermore, if the oil-water mixture dissolves slowly, the ultrasonic rod can also be used to promote its uniform dissolution. The ultrasonic rod 40 is at least partially placed within the cavity of the reaction vessel 10 to ensure that the reactants are fully fragmented.

[0043] Furthermore, the ultrasonic rod 40 can be raised and lowered within the reactor 10 to optimize the effect of the ultrasonic waves while ensuring that the operation of the stirring components is not affected. Specifically, in this embodiment, the ultrasonic rod 40 can be connected to a hydraulic lifting mechanism with a lifting stroke of 300-600 mm.

[0044] In this embodiment, the controller 50 may include or be connected to a temperature sensor installed in the reactor 10 and a speed sensor installed on the stirring shaft 21, for real-time monitoring and control of reaction parameters to ensure that the reaction conditions in the reactor 10 reach the optimal state.

[0045] Furthermore, the controller 50 is provided with a signal transmission interface, which is connected to the temperature measurement unit 16, the motor controller of the stirring shaft, and the high-speed homogenizer controller respectively; the controller 50 can dynamically adjust the circulating water temperature and the switching action of the working head of the high-speed homogenizer 30.

[0046] In this application, the batch preparation of hollow spheres and nanosheets is achieved by integrating a stirring mechanism 20, a high-speed homogenizer 30, and an ultrasonic rod 40 into a single reaction vessel 10. Specifically, the high-speed homogenizer 30 is equipped with a liftable emulsification head and a stirring head, which can thoroughly mix and emulsify the oil-water mixture. After emulsification, the conditions of the reaction vessel are adjusted by the stirring mechanism and a water bath device, enabling the emulsified reaction solution to effectively prepare hollow spheres. Simultaneously, with the help of the ultrasonic rod 40 and the strong shearing force of the high-speed homogenizer 30, the hollow spheres undergo a break-up reaction, thereby preparing nanosheets.

[0047] The following is combined with Figure 1 This paper describes the process of using the combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets as described in this application to prepare hollow spheres or nanosheets in batches.

[0048] First, an emulsification operation is performed. The oil-water two-phase reaction liquid is added into the reaction vessel 10, the emulsification working head of the high-speed homogenizer 30 is adjusted to an appropriate height, and the high-speed homogenizer 30 is started so that the oil-water two-phase reaction liquid can be fully mixed and emulsified.

[0049] After the emulsification process is completed, the working head of the high-speed homogenizer 30 is raised, and the preparation reaction is carried out under the stirring mechanism 20 and a suitable water bath temperature. After an appropriate reaction time, the reaction solution is discharged from the outlet 18 of the reaction vessel 10 and subjected to post-treatment such as washing and drying to obtain pure hollow sphere solid powder.

[0050] Secondly, to obtain the final product of nanosheets, the hollow spheres are dispersed in water and then placed back into the reactor 10. The hollow spheres are broken up using the ultrasonic action of the ultrasonic rod 40 and the strong shearing force of the crushing head of the high-speed homogenizer 30, thus obtaining nanosheets.

[0051] Finally, the nanosheets are dried to obtain pure nanosheet solid powder.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] 3 L of oil phase (comprising 2 L of n-heptane and 1 L of tetraethyl silicate) and 4 L of aqueous phase (composed of 1 L of 10% styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer hydrolysate, i.e., HSMA, and 3 L of water) were mixed and added to reactor 10. The emulsifying head of the high-speed homogenizer 30 was adjusted to a suitable height below the surface of the reaction liquid, and then the high-speed homogenizer 30 was started. The high-speed shearing action of the high-speed homogenizer 30 ensured that the oil and water phases were thoroughly mixed and emulsified. The specific operating parameters were: rotation speed 2000 rpm, duration 3 minutes. After the emulsification operation was completed, the emulsifying head of the high-speed homogenizer 30 was raised to a suitable height, and the preparation reaction was carried out under the stirring mechanism 20 and a suitable water bath temperature. The specific parameters were: stirring speed 100 rpm, water bath temperature 40°C. After a suitable reaction time (approximately 24 hours), the reacted liquid was discharged from the outlet 18 of reactor 10, and after washing and drying, pure hollow sphere solid powder was finally obtained.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] 3 L of oil phase (i.e., 2 L of n-heptane and 1 L of tetraethyl silicate) and 4 L of aqueous phase (composed of 1 L of 10% HSMA and 3 L of water) were mixed and added to reactor 10. The emulsifying head of the high-speed homogenizer 30 was adjusted to a suitable height below the surface of the reaction liquid, and then the high-speed homogenizer 30 was started. The high-speed shearing action of the high-speed homogenizer 30 ensured that the oil and water phases were thoroughly mixed and emulsified. The specific operating parameters were: rotation speed 2000 rpm, duration 3 minutes. After the emulsification operation was completed, the emulsifying head of the high-speed homogenizer 30 was raised to a suitable height, and the preparation reaction was carried out under the stirring mechanism 20 and a suitable water bath temperature. The specific parameters were: stirring speed 100 rpm, water bath temperature 40°C. After a suitable reaction time (approximately 24 hours), the reacted liquid was discharged from the outlet 18 of reactor 10. After washing, water was added to the hollow spheres to form a dispersion with a concentration of approximately 5%. The dispersion is then added back into the reactor 10. Using the action of the ultrasonic rod 40 and the strong force of the crushing working head of the high-speed homogenizer 30, the hollow spheres undergo a crushing reaction. Then, they are dried to obtain pure nanosheet solid powder.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] Six L of oil phase (comprising 4 L of n-heptane and 2 L of tetraethyl orthosilicate) was mixed with eight L of aqueous phase (consisting of 2 L of 10% HSMA and 6 L of water) and added to the reactor. The emulsifying head of the high-speed homogenizer was adjusted to a suitable height below the liquid surface, and then the high-speed homogenizer was started. The high-speed shearing action of the high-speed homogenizer ensured thorough mixing and emulsification of the oil and water phases. The specific operating parameters were: rotation speed 2000 rpm, duration 5 minutes. After emulsification, the emulsifying shear head was raised to a suitable height, and the preparation reaction was carried out under a stirring mechanism and a suitable water bath temperature. The specific parameters were: stirring speed 100 rpm, water bath temperature 40°C. After a suitable reaction time (approximately 24 hours), the reacted liquid was discharged from the reactor outlet and, after washing and drying, finally yielded pure hollow sphere solid powder.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] 3 L of oil phase (comprising 2 L of n-heptane and 1 L of tetraethyl silicate) was mixed with 4 L of aqueous phase (consisting of 1 L of 10% HSMA and 3 L of water) and added to the reactor. The emulsifying head of the high-speed homogenizer was adjusted to a suitable height below the liquid surface, and then the high-speed homogenizer was started. The high-speed shearing action of the high-speed homogenizer ensured thorough mixing and emulsification of the oil and water phases. The specific operating parameters were: rotation speed 4000 rpm, duration 2 minutes. After emulsification, the emulsifying shear head was raised to a suitable height, and the preparation reaction was carried out under a stirring mechanism and a suitable water bath temperature. The specific parameters were: stirring speed 100 rpm, water bath temperature 40°C. After a suitable reaction time (approximately 24 hours), the reacted liquid was discharged from the reactor outlet and, after washing and drying, finally yielded pure hollow sphere solid powder.

[0060] Example 5

[0061] 3 L of oil phase (comprising 2.5 L of azobisisobutyronitrile in n-heptane solution and 0.5 L of a mixture of styrene and 10% divinylbenzene) and 4 L of aqueous phase (consisting of 1 L of 10% HSMA and 3 L of water) were mixed and added to the reactor. The emulsifying head of the high-speed homogenizer was adjusted to a suitable height below the liquid surface, and then the high-speed homogenizer was started. The high-speed shearing action of the high-speed homogenizer ensured thorough mixing and emulsification of the oil and water phases. The specific operating parameters were: rotation speed 2000 rpm, duration 3 minutes. After emulsification, the emulsifying shear head was raised to a suitable height, and the preparation reaction was carried out under a stirring mechanism and a suitable water bath temperature. The specific parameters were: stirring speed 100 rpm, water bath temperature 70℃. After a suitable reaction time (approximately 6 hours), the reacted liquid was discharged from the reactor outlet and washed and dried to obtain pure hollow sphere solid powder.

[0062] Example 6

[0063] 3 L of oil phase (comprising 2.5 L of azobisisobutyronitrile in n-heptane solution and 0.5 L of a mixture of styrene and 10% divinylbenzene) and 4 L of aqueous phase (consisting of 1 L of 10% HSMA and 3 L of water) were mixed and added to the reactor. The emulsifying head of the high-speed homogenizer was adjusted to a suitable height below the liquid surface, and then the high-speed homogenizer was started. The high-speed shearing action of the high-speed homogenizer ensured thorough mixing and emulsification of the oil and water phases. The specific operating parameters were: rotation speed 2000 rpm, duration 3 minutes. After emulsification, the emulsifying shear head was raised to a suitable height, and the preparation reaction was carried out under a stirring mechanism and a suitable water bath temperature. The specific parameters were: stirring speed 100 rpm, water bath temperature 70°C. After a suitable reaction time (approximately 6 hours), the reacted liquid was discharged from the reactor outlet. After washing, water was added to the hollow spheres to form a dispersion with a concentration of approximately 5%. The dispersion is then added back into the reactor 10. Using the action of the ultrasonic rod 40 and the strong force of the crushing working head of the high-speed homogenizer 30, the hollow spheres undergo a crushing reaction. Then, they are dried to obtain pure nanosheet solid powder.

[0064] The combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets provided in this application achieves thorough and uniform mixing and emulsification of the oil-water two-phase mixture by equipping the reactor with a high-speed homogenizer 30. Simultaneously, the synergistic action of the stirring mechanism 20 and the circulating water bath promotes the reaction of the emulsified mixture, generating hollow sphere structures. Furthermore, the reactor is equipped with an ultrasonic rod 40. The ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic rod 40 and the strong shearing effect of the high-speed homogenizer 30 cause the hollow sphere structures to break down, thereby forming nanosheets.

Claims

1. A combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets, characterized in that, include: The reactor includes an inner reactor and an outer reactor arranged coaxially, with a sandwich cavity formed between the inner reactor and the outer reactor. The sandwich cavity is provided with a circulating water inlet and a circulating water outlet, and the outer reactor is provided with a temperature measuring unit. The top of the reactor is provided with one or more feed inlets, and the bottom of the reactor is provided with a discharge outlet; The stirring mechanism includes a stirring shaft that extends through the top of the reactor, and a multi-layer stirring paddle assembly is connected to the end of the stirring shaft; A high-speed homogenizer, wherein the working head of the high-speed homogenizer is disposed in the cavity of the reaction vessel, for mixing an emulsified oil-water mixture to obtain hollow spheres, and for causing the hollow spheres to undergo a crushing reaction to obtain nanosheets; An ultrasonic rod, which is at least partially placed within the cavity of the reactor vessel; The controller includes or is connected to the temperature sensor in the reactor and the speed sensor for monitoring the rotational speed of the stirring shaft.

2. The combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working head of the high-speed homogenizer includes an automatically switchable emulsifying working head and a crushing working head, which can be switched according to the needs of the reaction stage; wherein, the emulsifying working head includes a conical toothed ring structure, and the crushing working head includes a spiral blade structure.

3. The combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets according to claim 2, characterized in that, The emulsifying working head and the crushing working head can be raised and lowered within the cavity of the reactor to adapt to the needs of different reaction conditions.

4. The combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The agitator assembly includes one or more three-bladed oblique impellers and one or more four-bladed oblique impellers.

5. The combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic rod is connected to a hydraulic lifting mechanism with a lifting stroke of 300-600 mm.

6. The combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reactor is equipped with a precision metering pump at its inlet, with a flow rate accuracy of ±1%; the reactor is connected to a pneumatic regulating valve at its outlet, with an adjustable opening range of 0.5-100%.

7. The combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge port is equipped with a detachable conical filter cover, which includes a double-layer structure of replaceable nano-scale filter and micro-scale filter for separating unreacted raw materials and final products.

8. The combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interlayer cavity is provided with wave-shaped guide vanes arranged at intervals. The guide vanes are welded and fixed to the wall of the inner reactor or the wall of the outer reactor. The distance between adjacent guide vanes is 20-50 mm, forming a continuous S-shaped circulating water channel.

9. The combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the inner reactor is coated with an anti-corrosion layer to improve the durability and safety of the reactor. The anti-corrosion layer includes a polytetrafluoroethylene coating with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm.

10. The combined reactor for synthesizing hollow spheres and nanosheets according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The controller is equipped with a signal transmission interface, which is connected to the temperature measurement unit, the motor controller of the stirring shaft, and the high-speed homogenizer controller.

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