A waste lithium battery crushing and sorting integrated device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of waste lithium battery crushing and sorting integrated device, including feed inlet and the comminuting roller rotationally connected in its inside, the feed inlet bottom is fixedly connected with columnar tube, the columnar tube bottom is fixedly connected with sorting box, the sorting box right side is provided with discharge port, further include: first sorting mechanism: the first sorting mechanism includes fixedly connected in the air inlet pipe of columnar tube rear side, the air inlet pipe outer end is fixedly connected with fan, the air inlet pipe inside is fixedly connected with protective cover, the air inlet pipe front side is provided with air outlet pipe, the protective cover below is provided with conical disc, the conical disc bottom is fixedly connected with servo motor. The waste lithium battery crushing and sorting integrated device disclosed in the utility model has the effect of solving material adhesion and improving sorting purity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of waste battery processing devices, and in particular to an integrated device for crushing and sorting waste lithium batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Waste lithium batteries mainly consist of the battery cell, casing, and connectors. The positive and negative electrode plates are the most valuable parts for recycling, typically containing black powder materials such as lithium cobalt oxide and graphite, and tightly bonded to copper or aluminum foil carriers. Current recycling methods involve crushing the entire battery through coarse and fine grinding to create a mixture containing metal fragments, black powder, and plastic separator material, which is then separated using sorting methods.

[0003] However, in existing equipment, the crushed fragments tend to stick together during the crushing process, lacking a pre-treatment step to break them up before sorting. If these agglomerates enter the sorting stage directly without treatment, the internal binding forces will prevent the complete separation of light and heavy materials. The lightweight diaphragm cannot be effectively blown away by the airflow because it is wrapped in metal foil, and the black powder is difficult to pass through the screen due to its tight adhesion to the metal surface, ultimately resulting in unsatisfactory sorting purity and greatly reducing the recycling value. For example, in some sorting devices, crushed material enters the air classifier directly via a screw conveyor or simple chute. Due to compression during conveying and the lack of effective dispersing measures, the material enters the airflow in clumps of varying sizes. The airflow can only blow away the outermost layer of the lightweight membrane, but is ineffective against the black powder and metal fragments entangled inside the clumps. These undispersed clumps eventually fall into the heavy material outlet, leaving membrane residue in the metal material, and the black powder is not fully recovered in the screening section, resulting in resource waste and low sorting efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model discloses an integrated crushing and sorting device for waste lithium batteries, which aims to solve the technical problem that crushed fragments easily form agglomerates, and the internal binding force makes it impossible to completely separate light and heavy materials, ultimately resulting in unsatisfactory sorting purity, serious cross-contamination of various components, and reduced recycling value.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An integrated crushing and sorting device for waste lithium batteries includes a feed inlet and a crushing roller rotatably connected inside it. A columnar tube is fixedly connected to the bottom of the feed inlet, and a sorting box is fixedly connected to the bottom of the columnar tube. A discharge outlet is provided on the right side of the sorting box. The device further includes: a first sorting mechanism: the first sorting mechanism includes an air inlet pipe fixedly connected to the rear side of the columnar tube, a fan fixedly connected to the outer end of the air inlet pipe, a protective cover fixedly connected inside the air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe provided in front of the air inlet pipe, a conical disk provided below the protective cover, and a servo motor fixedly connected to the bottom of the conical disk; and a second sorting mechanism: the second sorting mechanism is fixedly connected inside the sorting box.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, efficient dispersion and preliminary air separation of materials are achieved: the crushed mixture falls into the interior of the columnar tube and directly onto a conical disk that rotates at high speed driven by a servo motor. Multiple impact fins on the surface of the conical disk continuously and intensely impact and shear the falling material clumps during rotation, effectively breaking up the material clumps that are stuck together due to compression and electrostatic action, separating them into independent metal fragments, black powder particles, and diaphragm fragments. At the same time, the fan operates and blows airflow into the columnar tube through the air inlet pipe. The dispersed material is thrown towards the inner wall of the columnar tube under the action of centrifugal force, and comes into contact with this horizontal airflow. The lightest diaphragm fragments and some extremely fine black powder are deflected under the action of airflow and are separated and discharged first through the air outlet pipe on the front side, thus achieving effective removal of most light impurities in the initial stage of separation, laying a solid foundation for subsequent fine separation.

[0007] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the second sorting mechanism includes a guide rail fixedly connected inside the sorting box, an outer sorting seat slidably connected inside the guide rail, a vibration motor fixedly connected to the left side of the outer sorting seat, a strip groove opened at the top of the outer sorting seat, an inner sorting seat fixedly connected inside the strip groove, a fixing plate provided on the left side of the strip groove, and a collection box provided at the bottom of the strip groove.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the fine separation of heavy materials is achieved: the mixture remaining after the first-stage air classification, mainly consisting of metal fragments and black powder, falls to the top of the inner sorting seat inside the sorting box. At this time, the vibration motor is started, driving the outer sorting seat and the inner sorting seat fixedly connected inside it to generate high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration along the guide rail. The mixture falling on the inverted V-shaped inner sorting seat is thrown up, flattened and conveyed forward under the action of vibration. During this process, the powdery black powder material, due to its small particle size, can pass through the cavity between the outer and inner sorting seats and finally falls through the bottom of the strip groove into the collection box below for collection. The flaky or blocky metal fragments, due to their larger particle size, cannot pass through the cavity and slide continuously to the right along the slightly downward inclined guide rail under the action of vibration, and are finally discharged from the discharge port aligned with the right end of the guide rail, thereby achieving efficient separation of metal fragments and black powder.

[0009] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By mechanically impacting and shearing the falling, sticky materials, the material clumps are broken up and separated. At the same time, the introduced horizontal airflow can instantly separate and blow out the broken-up lightweight membrane and some black powder, solving the problem of low sorting efficiency caused by material sticking. It also realizes the integration of dispersion and preliminary air classification.

[0010] 2. Vibration causes fine black powder particles to detach fully from the surface of metal fragments and fall into the collection box through the screening cavity, while the flaky metal fragments slide smoothly out along the inclined guide rail under the action of vibration, thus achieving efficient separation of black powder and metal fragments.

[0011] Other features and advantages of this utility model will be disclosed in detail in the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an integrated waste lithium battery crushing and sorting device proposed in this utility model.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of an integrated waste lithium battery crushing and sorting device proposed in this utility model.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the first sorting mechanism of an integrated waste lithium battery crushing and sorting device proposed in this utility model.

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the conical disk of an integrated waste lithium battery crushing and sorting device proposed in this utility model.

[0016] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the guide rail for an integrated waste lithium battery crushing and sorting device proposed in this utility model.

[0017] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the outer sorting seat of an integrated waste lithium battery crushing and sorting device proposed in this utility model.

[0018] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the inner sorting seat of an integrated waste lithium battery crushing and sorting device proposed in this utility model.

[0019] In the attached diagram: 1. Feed inlet; 2. Crushing roller; 3. Columnar tube; 4. Sorting box; 5. Discharge outlet; 6. Air inlet pipe; 7. Fan; 8. Protective cover; 9. Air outlet pipe; 10. Conical disc; 11. Servo motor; 12. Guide rail; 13. Outer sorting seat; 14. Vibration motor; 15. Strip groove; 16. Inner sorting seat; 17. Fixing plate; 18. Collection box. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0021] Reference Figures 1 to 4 An integrated crushing and sorting device for waste lithium batteries includes a feed inlet 1 and a crushing roller 2 rotatably connected inside it. A columnar tube 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the feed inlet 1, and a sorting box 4 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the columnar tube 3. A discharge port 5 is provided on the right side of the sorting box 4. The device also includes: a first sorting mechanism: the first sorting mechanism includes an air inlet pipe 6 fixedly connected to the rear side of the columnar tube 3, a fan 7 fixedly connected to the outer end of the air inlet pipe 6, a protective cover 8 fixedly connected inside the air inlet pipe 6, an air outlet pipe 9 provided on the front side of the air inlet pipe 6, a conical disk 10 provided below the protective cover 8, and a servo motor 11 fixedly connected to the bottom of the conical disk 10; and a second sorting mechanism: the second sorting mechanism is fixedly connected inside the sorting box 4.

[0022] Specifically, the crushed mixture falls into the columnar tube 3 and impacts the conical disk 10, which is driven by the servo motor 11 and rotates at high speed. Multiple impact fins on the surface of the conical disk 10 continuously mechanically impact and cut the falling material clumps during rotation, thereby breaking them up. At the same time, the fan 7 blows airflow horizontally into the columnar tube 3 through the rear air inlet 6, so that the broken material interacts with the airflow during centrifugal motion. Among them, the membrane fragments with lower density and some fine powder, due to their small mass inertia, deflect their motion trajectory under the action of pneumatic drag and are discharged from the front air outlet 9 with the airflow, while the metal fragments with higher density and most of the black powder continue to move by inertia, thus achieving the initial separation of light and heavy materials.

[0023] The air inlet pipe 6 and the air outlet pipe 9 are respectively fixed to the rear and front sides of the columnar pipe 3. The through-type design ensures that the airflow path runs through the entire sorting area. To ensure the air separation effect, the outer end of the air outlet pipe 9 is provided with an inverted U-shaped bend. The inverted U-shaped bend can effectively prevent external airflow interference and block the spillage of splashed metal fragments. The fan 7 is a high-speed fan driven by a motor.

[0024] The servo motor 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner side of the columnar tube 3. A motor cover is provided on the outside of the servo motor 11 to provide necessary dust protection for the servo motor 11. Multiple impact fins are provided on the surface of the servo motor 11. The high-speed rotating fins effectively break up the bonded material clumps through mechanical impact. A gap is provided between the edge of the conical disk 10 and the inner wall of the columnar tube 3.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In a preferred embodiment, the second sorting mechanism includes a guide rail 12 fixedly connected inside the sorting box 4, an outer sorting seat 13 slidably connected inside the guide rail 12, a vibration motor 14 fixedly connected to the left side of the outer sorting seat 13, a strip groove 15 opened at the top of the outer sorting seat 13, an inner sorting seat 16 fixedly connected inside the strip groove 15, a fixing plate 17 provided on the left side of the strip groove 15, and a collection box 18 provided at the bottom of the strip groove 15.

[0026] Specifically, the vibration motor 14 drives the outer sorting seat 13 and the inner sorting seat 16 fixed inside it to generate high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration along the guide rail 12. After the material is sorted in the first stage, it falls onto the surface of the inner sorting seat 16 and is repeatedly thrown up, flattened and conveyed along the inclined direction under the action of vibration. During this process, the fine black powder particles fall through the preset cavity between the outer sorting seat 13 and the inner sorting seat 16 due to vibration excitation, while the sheet-like or block-like metal fragments cannot pass through the sieve because their geometric size is larger than the cavity gap. Finally, under the combined action of the directional driving force generated by vibration and the inclined guide rail 12, they slide along the set path and are discharged from the discharge port 5.

[0027] The guide rail 12 is inclined downward inside the sorting box 4, and the right end of the guide rail 12 is aligned with the discharge port 5. The inclined setting uses gravity to help the metal fragments to be accurately discharged from the discharge port 5. The collection box 18 is slidably connected to the bottom of the sorting box 4. The removable design facilitates the collection of black powder and regular cleaning.

[0028] The outer sorting seat 13 and the inner sorting seat 16 are both arranged in an inverted V-shape at their tops. There is a cavity between the outer sorting seat 13 and the inner sorting seat 16. The inverted V-shaped structure allows the material to be evenly dispersed to both sides. The cavity between the outer sorting seat 13 and the inner sorting seat 16 provides a channel for the black powder to fall. The fixing plate 17 is fixed to the left side of the sorting box 4 by screws. The right side of the fixing plate 17 is attached to the left side of the outer sorting seat 13 by a fixing block. The fixing plate 17 not only fixes the outer sorting seat 13, but also facilitates disassembly and internal cleaning.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In a preferred embodiment, the feed inlet 1, the columnar tube 3, and the sorting box 4 are connected, and the crushing roller 2 is a cutting roller driven by a motor to rotate in the opposite direction.

[0030] Specifically, the interconnected structure ensures continuous material flow; the crushing roller 2 adopts a motor-driven reverse rotation cutting roller design to ensure efficient crushing effect and provide suitable material particle size for subsequent sorting processes.

[0031] Working principle: During use, waste lithium batteries enter through the feed inlet 1 and are cut and crushed by a pair of counter-rotating crushing rollers 2, forming a mixed material containing metal fragments, black powder, and separators. This mixed material then falls into the columnar tube 3 and impacts the conical disk 10, which is driven by the servo motor 11 and rotates at high speed. The impact fins on the surface of the conical disk 10 forcibly break up the material clumps that have been squeezed together through continuous mechanical impact and shearing. At the same time, the fan 7 blows airflow horizontally into the columnar tube 3 from the air inlet duct 6. The broken material interacts with the airflow during the centrifugal motion. The extremely low density separator fragments and some light black powder are deflected under the action of pneumatic drag and are discharged from the air outlet duct 9 with the airflow, completing the first stage of pneumatic separation. The heavier mixture remaining after air separation, mainly consisting of metal fragments and black powder, continues to fall and enters the surface of the inner sorting seat 16 inside the sorting box 4. At this time, the vibration motor 14 starts, driving the outer sorting seat 13 and the inner sorting seat 16 to generate high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration along the inclined guide rail 12. Under the action of vibration, the material is thrown, flattened and conveyed to the right. During this process, the fine black powder particles fall through the cavity between the outer sorting seat 13 and the inner sorting seat 16 into the collection box 18 at the bottom, while the flaky or blocky metal fragments cannot pass through the sieve. Under the combined action of the vibration driving force and the inclination of the guide rail 12, they continue to slide to the right and are finally discharged from the discharge port 5, thus achieving the final separation of metal and black powder.

[0032] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. The substitutions may be replacements of some structures, devices, or method steps, or they may be complete technical solutions. Equivalent substitutions or modifications made based on the technical solution and inventive concept of this utility model should all be covered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An integrated crushing and sorting device for waste lithium batteries, comprising a feed inlet (1) and a crushing roller (2) rotatably connected therein, wherein a columnar tube (3) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the feed inlet (1), a sorting box (4) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the columnar tube (3), and a discharge port (5) is provided on the right side of the sorting box (4), characterized in that, Also includes: First sorting mechanism: The first sorting mechanism includes an air inlet pipe (6) fixedly connected to the rear side of the columnar tube (3), a fan (7) fixedly connected to the outer end of the air inlet pipe (6), a protective cover (8) fixedly connected inside the air inlet pipe (6), an air outlet pipe (9) provided on the front side of the air inlet pipe (6), a conical disk (10) provided below the protective cover (8), and a servo motor (11) fixedly connected to the bottom of the conical disk (10). Second sorting mechanism: The second sorting mechanism is fixedly connected inside the sorting box (4).

2. The integrated crushing and sorting device for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air inlet pipe (6) and the air outlet pipe (9) are respectively fixedly connected to the rear and front sides of the columnar pipe (3). The outer end of the air outlet pipe (9) is provided with an inverted U-shaped bend. The fan (7) is a high-speed fan driven by a motor.

3. The integrated crushing and sorting device for waste lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that, The servo motor (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the columnar tube (3). A motor cover is provided on the outside of the servo motor (11). Multiple impact fins are provided on the surface of the servo motor (11). A gap is provided between the edge of the conical disk (10) and the inner wall of the columnar tube (3).

4. The integrated crushing and sorting device for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second sorting mechanism includes a guide rail (12) fixedly connected inside the sorting box (4), an outer sorting seat (13) slidably connected inside the guide rail (12), a vibration motor (14) fixedly connected to the left side of the outer sorting seat (13), a strip groove (15) opened at the top of the outer sorting seat (13), an inner sorting seat (16) fixedly connected inside the strip groove (15), a fixing plate (17) provided on the left side of the strip groove (15), and a collection box (18) provided at the bottom of the strip groove (15).

5. The integrated crushing and sorting device for waste lithium batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that, The guide rail (12) is inclined downward inside the sorting box (4), and the right end of the guide rail (12) is aligned with the discharge port (5). The collection box (18) is slidably connected to the bottom of the sorting box (4).

6. The integrated crushing and sorting device for waste lithium batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that, The tops of the outer sorting seat (13) and the inner sorting seat (16) are arranged in an inverted V shape. There is a cavity between the outer sorting seat (13) and the inner sorting seat (16). The fixing plate (17) is fixedly connected to the left side of the sorting box (4) by screws. The right side of the fixing plate (17) is attached to the left side of the outer sorting seat (13) by a fixing block.

7. The integrated crushing and sorting device for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed inlet (1), columnar tube (3) and sorting box (4) are connected, and the crushing roller (2) is a motor-driven reverse rotating cutting roller.

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