A single-glass photovoltaic module backsheet separation unit and module separation apparatus

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of single glass photovoltaic module backboard separation unit and component separation equipment, backboard separation unit includes backboard separation equipment and auxiliary transmission equipment, and the auxiliary transmission equipment includes sliding translation component and conveying mechanism;Backboard separation equipment integrates backboard cutter component and backboard tearing component, and respectively executes backboard cutting and tearing operation.By automated cutting-tearing collaborative work, combined with vacuum adsorption fixation and segmented peeling process, significantly reduce the risk of glass breakage and improve backboard separation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic module recycling technology, and in particular to a backsheet separation unit for recycling single-glass photovoltaic modules and a separation device including the unit. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main methods for recycling photovoltaic modules include inorganic acid dissolution, organic solvent dissolution, thermal treatment, mechanical treatment, and combined treatment methods. However, these methods have significant drawbacks:

[0003] While inorganic acid dissolution can maintain the integrity of silicon wafers, it has a low recovery rate and generates nitrogen oxide exhaust gas, requiring additional treatment. Organic solvent dissolution is time-consuming and generates large amounts of organic waste solvents, polluting the environment and water bodies. Thermal treatment can dissociate individual module components, but requires subsequent separation steps and is inefficient. Mechanical separation methods involve crushing and electrostatic separation, but ultimately result in a mixture, failing to achieve complete separation of individual components; especially for photovoltaic modules with intact glass, existing mechanical crushing methods increase the risk of glass breakage and enhance separation difficulty.

[0004] These methods generally suffer from problems such as low efficiency, low recycling and reusability, high energy consumption, and secondary pollution (waste gas and waste liquid). In addition, the existing hot knife method results in a lot of glass breakage and residual adhesive on the hot knife surface, which affects the recycling effect. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an automated and efficient single-glass photovoltaic module backsheet separation unit that can accurately complete the cutting and tearing of the backsheet.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide a complete photovoltaic module separation device that integrates the above-mentioned separation unit, thereby achieving fully automated processing from preheating and separation to scraping and unloading.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a single-glass photovoltaic module backsheet separation unit, comprising a backsheet separation device and an auxiliary transmission device, the auxiliary transmission device comprising a sliding translation component and a conveying mechanism, the sliding translation component being used to drive the backsheet separation device to move, the conveying mechanism being used to carry and transport the photovoltaic module along the conveying direction, the backsheet separation device comprising a backsheet cutter component for cutting the backsheet and a backsheet tearing component for tearing off the backsheet.

[0008] The sliding translation component includes a fixedly installed sliding bracket, a sliding track arranged on the sliding bracket along the photovoltaic module conveying direction, and a sliding module that slides with the sliding track. A separation device mounting bracket is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding module along the conveying direction, and the backplane separation device is fixedly installed on the separation device mounting bracket.

[0009] Furthermore, the backplate cutter assembly includes a backplate cutter drive mechanism and a backplate cutter fixedly mounted on the backplate cutter bracket. The backplate cutter can move up and down under the action of the backplate cutter drive mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, the backplate removal assembly includes a backplate clamping gripper and a gripper drive mechanism. The backplate clamping gripper is connected to the gripper drive mechanism and can perform clamping or releasing actions under its drive.

[0011] Furthermore, the conveying mechanism includes a vacuum adsorption platform and a horizontal moving device.

[0012] Furthermore, the horizontal moving device is a belt conveyor or a roller conveyor.

[0013] This utility model also provides a single-glass photovoltaic module separation device, including a preheating unit, a single-glass photovoltaic module backsheet separation unit, a hot knife scraping unit, and a material unloading and handling unit arranged in sequence.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, this invention solves the defects of low separation efficiency and fragile glass. It employs a physical separation method of cutting and then tearing off the photovoltaic backsheet, and uses a vacuum adsorption platform to fix the components, ensuring the stability and consistency of the separation process, effectively avoiding damage to the cells and glass, and guaranteeing the value of the recycled materials. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the backsheet separation unit of a single-glass photovoltaic module in an embodiment of this application;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the component separation device in an embodiment of this application;

[0017] 1—Preheating unit; 2—Sliding translation component; 201—Sliding bracket; 202—Sliding track; 203—Sliding module; 3—Conveying mechanism; 301—Vacuum adsorption platform; 302—Horizontal moving device; 4—Backplate separation equipment; 401—Separation equipment mounting bracket; 410—Backplate cutter drive mechanism; 411—Backplate cutter bracket; 412—Backplate cutter; 420—Backplate clamping gripper; 421—Gripper drive mechanism; 5—Hot knife scraping unit; 6—Material unloading and handling unit. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the utility model's objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects clearer, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0019] For simplicity, this paper only explicitly discloses some numerical ranges. However, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form an undefined range; and any lower limit can be combined with other lower limits to form an undefined range, just as any upper limit can be combined with any other upper limit to form an undefined range. Furthermore, although not explicitly stated, every point or individual value between the endpoints of a range is included within that range. Therefore, each point or individual value can serve as its own lower or upper limit and be combined with any other point or individual value, or with other lower or upper limits, to form an undefined range.

[0020] In this description, it should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, "above" and "below" include the stated number, and "multiple" in "one or more" means two or more.

[0021] The above description of this utility model is not intended to describe every disclosed embodiment or implementation of this utility model. The following description provides more specific examples of exemplary embodiments. Throughout the application, guidance is provided through a series of embodiments that can be used in various combinations. In each embodiment, the examples are listed only as representative groups and should not be construed as exhaustive.

[0022] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides a backsheet separation unit for a single-glass photovoltaic module.

[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, this utility model provides a single-glass photovoltaic module separation device.

[0025] The single-glass photovoltaic module backsheet separation unit mainly includes a backsheet separation device 4 and an auxiliary transmission device. The auxiliary transmission device consists of a sliding translation component 2 and a conveying mechanism 3.

[0026] The conveying mechanism 3 is used to carry, fix, and transport photovoltaic modules, and includes a vacuum adsorption platform 301 and a horizontal moving device 302. The horizontal moving device 302 is preferably a belt conveyor or a rack and pinion conveyor, which is responsible for feeding the modules into and out of the separation operation position. The glass panel of the module to be processed faces the conveying platform. When the module reaches the backsheet separation station, the vacuum adsorption platform 301 is activated to generate negative pressure, which firmly adsorbs and fixes the module to prevent it from moving during the subsequent separation process.

[0027] The sliding translation component 2 is used to drive the backplate separation device 4 to reciprocate along the component conveying direction. The sliding translation component 2 includes a fixedly installed sliding bracket 201, on which a sliding track 202 parallel to the component conveying direction is laid. A sliding module 203 is slidably engaged with the sliding track 202 and can be driven by a drive source such as a servo motor or cylinder to reciprocate along the track. At the end of the sliding module 203, on one side along the component conveying direction, a separation device mounting bracket 401 is fixedly installed.

[0028] The backplate separation device 4 is fixedly mounted on the separation device mounting bracket 401, and therefore can move together with the sliding module 203. This device integrates a backplate cutter assembly and a backplate tearing assembly.

[0029] The backplate cutter assembly includes a backplate cutter drive mechanism 410 and a backplate cutter 412, which is mounted via a backplate cutter bracket 411. The backplate cutter drive mechanism 410 drives the backplate cutter 412 to move up and down as a whole. During operation, the cutter descends and makes a cut or a starting separation line on the backplate of the assembly.

[0030] The backplate cutter drive mechanism 410 can be a pneumatic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an electric actuator, or a servo electric cylinder. In this embodiment, a pneumatic cylinder is preferred as the drive source because it has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, and convenient maintenance.

[0031] The back panel removal assembly includes a gripper drive mechanism 420 and a back panel clamping gripper 421. The gripper drive mechanism 420 can drive the back panel clamping gripper 421 to perform clamping or releasing actions. When the back panel is cut open by the cutter, the gripper descends and cooperates with the back panel cutter 412 to clamp the edge of the back panel.

[0032] The specific workflow is as follows:

[0033] The conveying mechanism 3 transports the photovoltaic modules to the backsheet separation station, and the vacuum adsorption platform 301 is activated to adsorb and fix the modules.

[0034] The sliding translation component 2 drives the backplate separation device 4 to move to the working position at the beginning of the component.

[0035] The backsheet cutter drive mechanism 410 actuates, driving the backsheet cutter 412 to descend and cut the backsheet. The horizontal moving device 302 drives the photovoltaic module on the vacuum adsorption platform 301 to move a short distance in the module conveying direction, causing the backsheet cutter 412 to peel off a small section of the backsheet. After cutting, the gripper drive mechanism 420 drives the backsheet clamping gripper 421 to descend, cooperating with the backsheet cutter 412 to clamp the cut edge of the backsheet.

[0036] The sliding translation component 2 is activated, driving the entire backsheet separation device 4 to move at a constant speed towards the end of the module along the sliding track 202. During this process, the backsheet clamping gripper 420 continuously clamps the backsheet, smoothly tearing it from the module substrate to the end of the module. After that, the gripper releases, the torn backsheet is retrieved, and the sliding translation component 2 drives the backsheet separation device 4 back to the initial position, waiting for the next work cycle.

[0037] The vacuum adsorption platform 301 releases the adsorption, and the conveying mechanism 3 sends the component that has completed the backplate separation to the next station and sends in the next component.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the backsheet separation unit can be integrated into a complete production line as a core module. The single-glass photovoltaic module separation equipment includes, in the following process sequence: a preheating unit 1 for heating the module to soften the EVA film, the backsheet separation unit of this utility model, a hot knife scraping unit 5 for scraping off residual EVA and impurities, and a material handling unit 6 for removing the processed module.

[0039] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A single-glass photovoltaic module backsheet separation unit, comprising a backsheet separation device (4) and an auxiliary transmission device, wherein the auxiliary transmission device comprises a sliding translation component (2) and a conveying mechanism (3), the sliding translation component (2) being used to drive the backsheet separation device (4) to move, and the conveying mechanism (3) carrying, positioning, and conveying the photovoltaic module along the conveying direction, characterized in that: The backplate separation device (4) includes a backplate cutting assembly for cutting the backplate and a backplate tearing assembly for tearing off the backplate. The sliding translation component (2) includes a fixedly installed sliding bracket (201), a sliding track (202) arranged on the sliding bracket (201) along the photovoltaic module conveying direction, and a sliding module (203) that slides with the sliding track (202). The sliding module (203) has a separation device mounting bracket (401) fixedly connected to one end side along the conveying direction, and the back panel separation device (4) is fixedly installed on the separation device mounting bracket (401).

2. The single-glass photovoltaic module backsheet separation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The backplate cutter assembly includes a backplate cutter drive mechanism (410) and a backplate cutter (412) fixedly mounted on a backplate cutter bracket (411). The backplate cutter (412) can move up and down under the action of the backplate cutter drive mechanism (410).

3. The single-glass photovoltaic module backsheet separation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The backplate removal assembly includes a backplate clamping gripper (420) and a gripper drive mechanism (421). The backplate clamping gripper (420) is connected to the gripper drive mechanism (421) and can perform clamping or releasing actions under its drive.

4. The single-glass photovoltaic module backsheet separation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying mechanism (3) includes a vacuum adsorption platform (301) for positioning the photovoltaic module and a horizontal moving device (302) for driving the photovoltaic module to reciprocate along the conveying direction.

5. A single-glass photovoltaic module backsheet separation unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The horizontal moving device (302) is a belt conveyor or a roller conveyor.

6. A single-glass photovoltaic module separation device, characterized in that, Including preheating units arranged in sequence (1) The single-glass photovoltaic module backsheet separation unit, the hot knife scraping unit (5), and the unloading and conveying unit (6) as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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