A quick clamping and positioning device for shaft sleeve lathe machining
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522407752.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-11-13
AI Technical Summary
[0004]本实用新型的主要目的在于提供一种轴筒类车床加工的快速装夹定位装置，以至少解决现有技术中装夹效率低、精度差、安全隐患突出及劳动强度高的问题
[0015]应用本实用新型技术方案的一种轴筒类车床加工的快速装夹定位装置，包括工装主体、前顶尖以及后顶尖；工装主体设置在车床三爪自定心卡盘上，工装主体上设有回转中心定位孔；前顶尖沿工装主体的中轴线方向可活动调节地安装在回转中心定位孔内，前顶尖用于将工件毛坯的一端顶紧固定；后顶尖设置在车床尾座锥孔中并沿工装主体的中轴线方向与前顶尖相对设置，后顶尖用于将工件毛坯的另一端顶紧固定。该装置通过可调节式前顶尖与固定式后顶尖形成双顶尖定位系统，结合工装主体设置的回转中心定位孔与开口槽可实现快速装夹定位。解决了现有技术中装夹效率低、精度差、安全隐患突出及劳动强度高的问题。
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Figure CN224824572U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machining tooling technology, and more specifically, to a quick clamping and positioning device for machining shafts and cylinders on a lathe. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, in the lathe machining of square shaft and cylindrical workpieces, a four-jaw single-action chuck combined with manual alignment is commonly used for clamping. This method adjusts the position of the four jaws to align the outer circle or end face of the workpiece with the rotation center of the machine tool spindle. It is suitable for clamping non-standard, eccentric or irregular cross-section workpieces and is used in traditional machining scenarios where there is a lack of special fixtures or automated equipment.
[0003] However, in practical applications, each of the four jaws needs to be manually adjusted independently. This process relies on the operator's experience to visually inspect or repeatedly align with a dial indicator. This is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also difficult to guarantee consistency. It is also prone to introducing human error, affecting the coaxiality and surface quality of the workpiece. At the same time, insecure clamping or alignment deviations may cause the workpiece to loosen or even fly off during high-speed cutting, seriously threatening the safety of personnel and equipment. This results in low clamping efficiency, poor positioning accuracy, prominent safety hazards, and high labor intensity. Utility Model Content
[0004] The main purpose of this utility model is to provide a quick clamping and positioning device for machining shafts and cylinders on lathes, so as to at least solve the problems of low clamping efficiency, poor accuracy, prominent safety hazards and high labor intensity in the prior art.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a quick clamping and positioning device for machining shaft and cylinder types on a lathe, comprising: a tooling body, which is mounted on a three-jaw self-centering chuck of the lathe and has a rotation center positioning hole; a front center, which is movably and adjustablely mounted in the rotation center positioning hole along the central axis of the tooling body and is used to clamp and fix one end of the workpiece blank; and a rear center, which is mounted in the tailstock taper hole of the lathe and is positioned opposite to the front center along the central axis of the tooling body and is used to clamp and fix the other end of the workpiece blank.
[0006] Furthermore, both the rotation center positioning hole and the front center are set as stepped structures for sliding nesting and fixing; wherein a first annular step is set on the outer side of the front center and a second annular step is set on the inner side of the rotation center positioning hole, and the first annular step and the second annular step cooperate with each other to achieve nesting and fixing.
[0007] Furthermore, the front center includes: a cylindrical section of the center, which is disposed in the rotation center positioning hole; an adjusting screw, which is partially located in the rotation center positioning hole and connected to the tail of the cylindrical section of the center; and a locking nut, which is screwed onto the adjusting screw. The axial movement of the front center is achieved by rotating the adjusting screw, and the front center is locked in a set position by pressing the end face of the tooling body.
[0008] Furthermore, the front end of the cylindrical section of the center point is provided with a first conical positioning surface, which is 60° and engages with the first center hole provided in the workpiece blank.
[0009] Furthermore, the nesting method between the top cylindrical section and the rotation center positioning hole is a transition fit.
[0010] Furthermore, the axial adjustment range of the front center is 0-15mm, which can be used to adapt to workpiece blanks of different lengths.
[0011] Furthermore, the tooling body has an opening slot at its end, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the rotation center positioning hole to form a stepped structure with the rotation center positioning hole; the stepped structure is used to cooperate with the lathe's front and rear center dial transmission.
[0012] Furthermore, the main body of the tooling is made of 40Gr steel, the main body of the tooling is 50mm long, and the outer diameter is adapted to the clamping range of lathe chucks from Φ50mm to Φ120mm.
[0013] Furthermore, the rear center has a second conical positioning surface at the front end, which is 60° and engages with the second center hole on the workpiece blank; the second conical positioning surface and the first conical positioning surface of the front center are coaxially arranged in the installed state.
[0014] Furthermore, the front end of the rear center is a Morse No. 4 fixed center, and the rear end of the rear center is provided with a tapered shank. The tapered shank is fully fitted into the tapered hole of the lathe tailstock to fix the rear center on the lathe.
[0015] This invention discloses a rapid clamping and positioning device for machining shaft-type lathes, comprising a fixture body, a front center, and a rear center. The fixture body is mounted on a three-jaw self-centering chuck of the lathe and has a rotation center positioning hole. The front center is movably and adjustablely mounted in the rotation center positioning hole along the central axis of the fixture body, and is used to clamp and fix one end of the workpiece blank. The rear center is disposed in the tailstock taper hole of the lathe and is positioned opposite to the front center along the central axis of the fixture body, and is used to clamp and fix the other end of the workpiece blank. This device forms a double-center positioning system through the adjustable front center and the fixed rear center, and combined with the rotation center positioning hole and the slot in the fixture body, it can achieve rapid clamping and positioning. It solves the problems of low clamping efficiency, poor accuracy, prominent safety hazards, and high labor intensity in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description
[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a quick clamping and positioning device for machining shaft and barrel types on a lathe, which is an optional embodiment of this utility model. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main tooling structure of a quick clamping and positioning device for machining shaft-type lathes, which is an optional embodiment of this utility model. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the workpiece blank structure of a quick clamping and positioning device for machining shaft-type lathes, which is an optional embodiment of this utility model.
[0017] The above figures include the following reference numerals: 10. Tooling body; 11. Rotation center positioning hole; 12. Opening groove; 20. Front center; 21. Center cylindrical section; 22. Adjusting screw; 23. Locking nut; 30. Rear center; 31. Fixed center; 32. Taper shank; 40. Workpiece blank; 41. First center hole; 42. Second center hole. Detailed Implementation
[0018] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0019] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this utility model. According to an embodiment of this utility model, a quick clamping and positioning device for machining shaft-type lathes is provided, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the device includes a fixture body 10, a front center 20, and a rear center 30. The fixture body 10 is mounted on a three-jaw self-centering chuck of a lathe, and has a rotation center positioning hole 11. The front center 20 is movably and adjustablely mounted in the rotation center positioning hole 11 along the central axis of the fixture body 10, and is used to clamp and fix one end of the workpiece blank 40. The rear center 30 is located in the tailstock taper hole of the lathe and is positioned opposite to the front center 20 along the central axis of the fixture body 10, and is used to clamp and fix the other end of the workpiece blank 40. This device forms a double-center positioning system through the adjustable front center and the fixed rear center, and combined with the rotation center positioning hole and the slot provided in the fixture body, it can achieve rapid clamping and positioning. This solves the problems of low clamping efficiency, poor accuracy, prominent safety hazards, and high labor intensity in the prior art.
[0020] Specifically, both the rotation center positioning hole 11 and the front center 20 are configured with a stepped structure for sliding nesting and fixing. A first annular step is provided on the outer side of the front center 20, and a second annular step is provided on the inner side of the rotation center positioning hole 11. The first and second annular steps cooperate to achieve nesting and fixing, enabling axial limiting and radial alignment during assembly, ensuring the positioning accuracy and operational stability of the workpiece during rotation. This stepped structure enhances the structural stability after nesting through surface contact, preventing radial movement after assembly. It also offers high fitting accuracy and convenient assembly / disassembly, providing a structural foundation for subsequent axial limiting and radial alignment.
[0021] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the front center 20 includes a cylindrical section 21, an adjusting screw 22, and a locking nut 23. The cylindrical section 21 is located inside the rotation center positioning hole 11. The adjusting screw 22 is partially located inside the rotation center positioning hole 11 and connected to the tail of the cylindrical section 21. The locking nut 23 is screwed onto the adjusting screw 22. The axial movement of the front center 20 is achieved by rotating the adjusting screw 22, and the front center 20 is locked in a set position by pressing the end face of the tooling body 10. The front center 20 achieves functional division through a modular design that can be detachably adjusted. The cylindrical section 21 is responsible for centering, the adjusting screw 22 is responsible for adjustment, and the locking nut 23 is responsible for locking. The overall structure is compact and easy to operate. It can meet the positioning requirements under different working conditions and ensure positioning stability through uniform locking force, effectively compensating for assembly errors and adapting to workpieces of different lengths.
[0022] Furthermore, the front end of the cylindrical section 21 of the front center 20 is provided with a first conical positioning surface. The first conical positioning surface is 60° and is in contact with the first center hole 41 of the workpiece blank 40. By utilizing the self-centering property of the conical surface, the workpiece and the front center 20 can be accurately centered, ensuring that the rotation center of the workpiece coincides with the center of the lathe spindle. The contact area of the conical surface is moderate, which can not only disperse the clamping force to avoid damage to the center hole of the workpiece, but also ensure the stability of the contact and the centering accuracy is outstanding.
[0023] Furthermore, the nesting method between the center cylindrical section 21 and the rotation center positioning hole 11 is a transition fit; the transition fit takes into account both smooth assembly and high positioning accuracy, with uniform fit clearance, which can effectively avoid radial movement during the rotation of the front center, and can maintain good positioning stability after long-term use without frequent adjustment.
[0024] Specifically, the axial adjustment range of the front center 20 is 0-15mm, which can be used to adapt to workpiece blanks 40 of different lengths. It can be clamped without changing the special tooling, which significantly expands the application range of the tooling and has extremely strong adaptability.
[0025] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the end of the tooling body 10 is provided with an opening groove 12. The diameter of the opening groove 12 is larger than the diameter of the rotation center positioning hole 11 so as to form a stepped structure between the opening groove 12 and the rotation center positioning hole 11. The stepped structure is used to cooperate with the transmission of the lathe front center 20 and rear center 30 dial. This design is compact and does not affect the overall rigidity of the tooling. It provides installation and transmission space for the dial, and can also use the stepped surface as a positioning reference to realize the reliable transmission of spindle torque to the workpiece. There is no slippage and the torque loss is small during the transmission process. At the same time, it avoids interference between the dial and the tooling body and ensures processing efficiency.
[0026] Specifically, the main body of the tooling 10 is made of 40Gr steel, with a length of 50mm and an outer diameter suitable for lathe chuck clamping range of Φ50mm-Φ120mm. 40Gr steel has excellent mechanical properties, good stability after heat treatment, strong wear resistance, and can withstand cutting forces and vibrations during machining, resulting in a long service life. The 50mm length balances structural rigidity and lightweight design, facilitating chuck clamping operations. The wide range of outer diameter adaptations makes it highly versatile, compatible with most conventional lathes, reducing tooling replacement costs.
[0027] Furthermore, the rear center 30 has a second conical positioning surface at its front end. The second conical positioning surface is 60° and is in contact with the second center hole 42 of the workpiece blank 40. The second conical positioning surface and the first conical positioning surface of the front center 20 are coaxially arranged in the installed state. The bidirectional centering support formed by the rear center 30 and the front center 20 improves the centering reference and coaxiality, effectively avoids deformation or displacement of the workpiece caused by single-end support, significantly improves the roundness, cylindricity and other form and position tolerance indicators of the workpiece, and ensures the consistency of machining accuracy.
[0028] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the front end of the rear center 30 is a Morse No. 4 fixed center 31, and the rear end of the rear center 30 is provided with a tapered shank 32. The tapered shank 32 is fully fitted in the tailstock taper hole of the lathe to fix the rear center 30 on the lathe. The selected Morse No. 4 tapered shank has strong adaptability. The design of the tapered shank and the tailstock taper hole ensures positioning accuracy and load-bearing capacity, effectively absorbs machining vibration, and provides stable and reliable rear end support for the workpiece.
[0029] In practical use, the user first checks the cleanliness and surface roughness of the first center hole 41 and the second center hole 42 at both ends of the workpiece blank 40 to ensure that there are no burrs or impurities inside the holes, and measures the axial adjustment of the front center 20 to ensure that it is within the range of 0-15mm. After the inspection, the cylindrical section 21 of the front center 20 is pressed into the rotation center positioning hole 11 of the tooling body 10 with a transition fit. Both the rotation center positioning hole 11 and the front center 20 adopt a stepped structure design, in which the outer side of the front center 20 is provided with a first annular step and the inner side of the rotation center positioning hole 11 is provided with a second annular step. The two are nested together to achieve axial limit and radial alignment. During the pressing process, the radial runout is monitored with a dial indicator to ensure that the runout range is within the limit range. Then, the adjusting screw 22 and the locking nut 23 are installed and pre-tightened. Next, the clamping section of the tooling body 10 is installed on the lathe three-jaw chuck, the clamping force is adjusted, and its outer radial runout and end face runout are corrected. The workpiece is designed for sizes from Φ50mm to Φ120mm, is made of high-strength 40Cr steel, and is 50mm in length. The Morse taper shank 32 of the rear center 30 is then fully inserted into the tailstock taper hole, with the 60° second conical locating surface of the rear center corresponding to the 60° first conical locating surface of the front center. The tailstock is moved, and the coaxiality of both is checked using a dial indicator before locking the position. Finally, one end of the workpiece is aligned with the cylindrical section 21 of the front center 20, and the tailstock is moved to tighten the rear center 30. At the other end, loosen the locking nut 23, rotate the adjusting screw 22 to apply a tightening force to the front center 20, and then tighten the nut to form a double center positioning system. Since the end of the tooling body 10 is provided with an opening groove 12, the opening groove 12 and the rotation center positioning hole 11 form a stepped structure. Start the lathe, and use the stepped structure formed by the opening groove 12 and the rotation center positioning hole 11 to transmit torque, so that the spindle drives the tooling body 10 and the workpiece to rotate synchronously, which can efficiently and stably perform turning operations such as outer circle or end face.
[0030] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A quick clamping and positioning device for machining shafts and cylinders on a lathe, characterized in that, include: Tooling body (10) is mounted on a lathe three-jaw self-centering chuck, and the tooling body (10) is provided with a rotation center positioning hole (11). A front center (20) is movably and adjustably installed in the rotation center positioning hole (11) along the central axis of the tooling body (10). The front center (20) is used to press and fix one end of the workpiece blank (40). The rear center (30) is set in the tailstock taper hole of the lathe and is positioned opposite to the front center (20) along the central axis of the tooling body (10). The rear center (30) is used to press and fix the other end of the workpiece blank (40).
2. The quick clamping and positioning device for machining shafts and cylinders on a lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the rotation center positioning hole (11) and the front tip (20) are configured as stepped structures for sliding nesting and fixing of the rotation center positioning hole (11) and the front tip (20).
3. The quick clamping and positioning device for machining shafts and cylinders on a lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leading tip (20) includes: A cylindrical tip section (21) is provided inside the rotation center positioning hole (11); Adjusting screw (22), which is partially located in the rotation center positioning hole (11) and connected to the tail of the top cylindrical section (21); A locking nut (23) is screwed onto the adjusting screw (22); The front tip (20) is moved axially by rotating the adjusting screw (22), and the front tip (20) is locked in a set position by pressing the end face of the tooling body (10).
4. The quick clamping and positioning device for machining shafts and cylinders on a lathe according to claim 3, characterized in that, The front end of the cylindrical section (21) of the front center (20) is provided with a first conical positioning surface, which is 60° and is in contact with the first center hole (41) of the workpiece blank (40).
5. The quick clamping and positioning device for machining shafts and cylinders on a lathe according to claim 3, characterized in that, The nesting method between the top cylindrical section (21) and the rotation center positioning hole (11) is a transition fit.
6. The quick clamping and positioning device for machining shafts and cylinders on a lathe according to claim 5, characterized in that, The axial adjustment range of the front center (20) is 0-15mm, which is used to adapt to workpiece blanks (40) of different lengths.
7. The quick clamping and positioning device for machining shafts and cylinders on a lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tooling body (10) has an opening groove (12) at its end. The diameter of the opening groove (12) is larger than the diameter of the rotary center positioning hole (11) so as to form a stepped structure between the opening groove (12) and the rotary center positioning hole (11). The stepped structure is used to cooperate with the dial transmission of the front center (20) and rear center (30) of the lathe.
8. The quick clamping and positioning device for machining shafts and cylinders on a lathe according to claim 7, characterized in that, The tooling body (10) is made of 40Gr steel. The length of the tooling body (10) is 50mm and the outer diameter is adapted to the clamping range of a lathe chuck of Φ50mm-Φ120mm.
9. The quick clamping and positioning device for machining shafts and cylinders on a lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear center (30) has a second conical positioning surface at the front end. The second conical positioning surface is 60° and is in contact with the second center hole (42) of the workpiece blank (40). The second conical positioning surface and the first conical positioning surface of the front center (20) are coaxially arranged in the installation state.
10. The quick clamping and positioning device for machining shafts and cylinders on a lathe according to claim 9, characterized in that, The front end of the rear center (30) is a Morse code 4 fixed center (31), and the rear end of the rear center (30) is provided with a tapered shank (32). The tapered shank (32) is completely fitted into the tapered hole of the lathe tailstock and is used to fix the rear center (30) on the lathe.