A turning insert

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of turning inserts, including upper surface, lower surface and the four side surfaces of connecting upper and lower surface and the four excessive relief angle units of connecting adjacent side surface;Upper surface includes cutting unit, and cutting unit includes straight cutting edge, arc cutting edge and chip breaker groove;Straight cutting edge is formed by upper surface and side surface intersection, and arc cutting edge is formed by upper surface and excessive relief angle unit intersection;The chip breaker groove includes rake face, groove bottom surface in straight cutting edge inside in turn and connect and chip portion in arc cutting edge inside;The excessive relief angle unit uses double clearance angle design, including the first clearance angle of direction close to upper surface and the second clearance angle of direction close to lower surface;The first clearance angle and the second clearance angle butt joint excessively between;The upper end arc line of first clearance angle and arc cutting edge are excessively connected;Through insert double clearance angle design, to change angle increases edge rigidity, make it more stable in high-speed cutting, effectively reduce the trembling phenomenon when processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of cutting tool technology, specifically to a turning insert, mainly used for machining aluminum alloy materials. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machining, turning is a common machining method. It is characterized by the rotation of the workpiece and the cutting tool performing cutting actions according to the corresponding parameters. Carbide turning tools are currently the most common turning tools on the market.

[0003] Aluminum alloys are widely used in various industries due to their high strength, light weight (about 2 / 3 that of steel), and good rust resistance. Among them, Al-Mg-Si alloys and Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys are more common in machining, and they have the characteristics of good machinability, excellent weldability, good electroplating properties, strong corrosion resistance, no deformation after processing, dense material that is easy to polish, and good coloring and oxidation effects.

[0004] However, two major technical challenges exist in the machining of aluminum alloys. Firstly, while aluminum alloys offer good machinability, excessively high temperatures during machining can cause the aluminum to melt and fuse with the cutting tool. Even though aluminum is relatively soft and easy to cut, aluminum shavings adhering to the tool can easily create a frictional welding effect between the shavings and the aluminum part, affecting machining quality. Secondly, when the aluminum part rotates at high speed, the encounter between the cutting tool and the aluminum part often generates strong vibrations, impacting machining accuracy and efficiency.

[0005] Existing turning inserts for aluminum alloy machining have significant shortcomings. First, most employ a single clearance angle design, resulting in insufficient cutting edge sharpness, high cutting resistance, low machining efficiency, and a tendency to generate built-up edge, affecting the surface finish. Second, the poor design of the chip breaker hinders chip removal, causing aluminum chips to accumulate on the tool. This not only accelerates tool wear but also raises the tool temperature due to heat buildup, further impacting machining results. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of the technical defects of existing turning inserts, such as insufficient cutting edge sharpness, unreasonable chip breaker design, resulting in poor chip removal, rapid tool wear, and low machining efficiency, this utility model provides a turning insert for machining aluminum alloy materials that can solve the above problems. By optimizing the cutting edge design, the cutting performance of the tool is improved, the chip removal effect is improved, the tool temperature is reduced, and the tool service life is extended.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: a turning insert, wherein the insert has a hexahedral structure and a square structure with a tool tip angle of 90°, including an upper surface, a lower surface, four side surfaces connecting the upper and lower surfaces, and four transition back angle units connecting adjacent side surfaces; a central positioning hole is provided in the middle of the insert, and a cutting unit is included on the upper surface, the cutting unit including a straight cutting edge, a circular arc cutting edge, and a chip breaker groove; The straight cutting edge is formed by the intersection of the upper surface and the side surface, while the circular arc cutting edge is formed by the intersection of the upper surface and the transition clearance angle unit. The chip breaker groove includes a rake face, a groove bottom surface, and a chip-receiving part located inside the straight cutting edge, which are connected in sequence. The transition clearance angle unit adopts a double clearance angle design, including a first clearance angle near the upper surface and a second clearance angle near the lower surface. The first clearance angle and the second clearance angle are connected by a joint transition. The upper arc of the first clearance angle is connected to the circular arc cutting edge. Furthermore, the angle of the first rear angle is set to 7°; Furthermore, the angle range of the second rear angle is set to 9.85°; Furthermore, the side surface is an inclined surface that gradually tapers from the upper surface to the lower surface, with an inclination angle of 2.85°.

[0008] Furthermore, the four chip breaker grooves on the upper surface are symmetrically distributed about the diagonal center line of the cutting tool; Furthermore, the chip breaker groove has a wavy geometry, and the rake face near the straight cutting edge is a sloped surface inclined towards the bottom of the groove, with an angle of 2.53°.

[0009] Furthermore, a horizontal area on the upper surface is set between the chip breaking groove and the edge of the central positioning hole. The bottom of the groove is an arc-shaped raised structure between the bottom of the groove and the outer edge of the horizontal area. One end of the bottom of the groove extends to the outer edge of the horizontal area and is curved, while the other end of the bottom of the groove smoothly transitions with the bottom of the groove. Furthermore, the height of the horizontal area on the upper surface is higher than that of the bottom surface of the groove; the height of the bottom surface of the groove is higher than that of the rake face, causing the cross-sectional waveform curve of the insert from the center positioning hole to the straight cutting edge to gradually decrease from the center to the edge. Furthermore, the bottom surface of the groove is designed with multiple chip removal areas, with large and small sections arranged alternately from one end to the other to increase the smoothness of chip removal. Furthermore, the junction of each pair of adjacent chip-breaking grooves is a chip-receiving section, and an inclined connecting section is provided in the area between the arc-shaped cutting edge and the chip-receiving section, with a smooth transition between the inclined connecting section and the chip-receiving section; the inclined connecting section is divided into left and right parts. Furthermore, the arc-shaped cutting edge is passivated to form a blunt cutting edge, and the width of the arc-shaped cutting edge, i.e., the blunt cutting edge value, is 0.02mm. Furthermore, the width between the junction of the chip-receiving part and the inclined connecting part and the arc-shaped cutting edge is set to 0.5 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the blade is made of cemented carbide material.

[0011] In the specific processing, the blade is formed by pressing with a mold, and the pressed blade is then sintered. After sintering, the cutting edge is treated to reduce the dulling value of the cutting edge, thereby improving the sharpness of the cutting edge.

[0012] The beneficial effects of adopting this solution are: By using a double relief angle design for the blade, the rigidity of the cutting edge is increased through the change of angle, making it more stable in high-speed cutting and effectively reducing the chattering phenomenon during machining; The edge passivation process was optimized in the post-sintering treatment to reduce the passivation value and significantly improve the edge sharpness, thus solving the problem of high cutting resistance caused by insufficient edge sharpness in the traditional form. The chip breaking groove adopts a wave-shaped geometric design to ensure that aluminum chips are broken into fragments and discharged smoothly, which solves the problems of poor chip discharge and aluminum chip adhesion caused by unreasonable design of traditional chip breakers. This design has been effectively tested, and the product's durability is 50% longer than that of products on the market. The chip removal is characterized by small chips in aluminum alloy machining, resulting in excellent chip removal. Due to the high smoothness of chip removal, tool heat is reduced, durability is increased, and machining becomes lighter, effectively improving machining quality and efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the turning insert of this utility model.

[0014] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram showing the detailed structure of the bottom surface of the chip breaker groove of the turning tool of this utility model.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the turning insert of this utility model. Figure 1 (BB position).

[0017] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A partial structural diagram (only showing the first rear corner section).

[0018] In the figure, 1. Upper surface, 2. Lower surface, 3. Side surface, 4. Center positioning hole, 5. Straight cutting edge, 6. Circular cutting edge, 8. Rake face, 9. Groove bottom surface, 10. Chip-collecting part, 11. First clearance angle, 12. Second clearance angle, 13. Symmetry center line, 1.1. Horizontal area of ​​upper surface, 14. Groove bottom position, 9.1. First area, 9.2. Second area, 9.3. Third area, 9.4. Fourth area, 9.5. Fifth area, 9.6. Sixth area, 9.7. Seventh area, 15. Inclined connecting part, 16. Connection position between chip-collecting part and inclined connecting part. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a full understanding of this utility model. However, this utility model can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this utility model. Therefore, this utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] See Figure 1 In one embodiment, a schematic diagram of a turning insert is shown. The insert has a hexahedral structure and a square structure with a tip angle of 90°. It includes an upper surface 1, a lower surface 2, four side surfaces 3 connecting the upper and lower surfaces, and four transition back angle units connecting adjacent side surfaces 3. The insert has a central positioning hole 4 in the middle. The upper surface 1 contains a cutting unit, which includes a straight cutting edge 5, a circular arc cutting edge 6, and a chip breaker groove. The straight cutting edge 6 is formed by the intersection of the upper surface 1 and the side surface 3, and the circular arc cutting edge 6 is formed by the intersection of the upper surface 1 and the transition clearance angle unit; the chip breaker groove includes a rake face 8, a groove bottom surface 9, and a chip-receiving part 10 located inside the straight cutting edge 5 and connected in sequence; the transition clearance angle unit adopts a double clearance angle design, including a first clearance angle 11 near the upper surface and a second clearance angle 12 near the lower surface; the first clearance angle 11 and the second clearance angle 12 are connected by a joint transition; the upper arc of the first clearance angle 11 is connected to the circular arc cutting edge 6 through a transition; The angle of the first rear angle 11 is set to 7°; The angle of the second rear angle 12 is set to 9.85°; Based on the above-mentioned double back angle structure, the cutting edge strength can be guaranteed while the rigidity of the cutting edge can be increased, so that the cutting tool can remain stable during high-speed cutting. The side surface 3 is an inclined surface that gradually tapers from the upper surface 1 to the lower surface 2, with an inclination angle of 2.85°.

[0021] The four chip breaking grooves on the upper surface 1 are symmetrically distributed about the diagonal center line 13 of the cutting tool; The chip breaker groove has a wave-like geometry, and the rake face 8 near the straight cutting edge 5 is a sloped surface that slopes towards the bottom of the groove at an angle of 2.53°.

[0022] The chip breaking groove and the edge of the center positioning hole 4 are set as a horizontal area 1.1 on the upper surface. The groove bottom position 14 to the outer edge of the horizontal area 1.1 is a groove bottom surface 9 with an arc-shaped protrusion structure. One end of the groove bottom surface 9 extends to the outer edge of the horizontal area 1.1 and is curved. The other end of the groove bottom surface 9 is smoothly connected to the groove bottom 14. As shown in the figure, the height of the horizontal area 1.1 on the upper surface is higher than that of the groove bottom surface 9, and the height of the groove bottom surface 9 is higher than that of the rake face 8, so that the cross-sectional waveform curve of the insert from the center positioning hole 4 to the straight cutting edge 5 gradually decreases from the center to the edge. The bottom surface 9 of the groove is designed with multiple chip removal areas. From one end of the bottom surface 9 to the other end, it is arranged with large and small sections alternately to increase the smoothness of chip removal. See Figure 3 In one embodiment, the bottom surface 9 of the chip breaker groove is divided into a first region 9.1, a second region 9.2, a third region 9.3, a fourth region 9.4, a fifth region 9.5, a sixth region 9.6, and a seventh region 9.7 in sequence, wherein the fourth region 9.4 is the central region, and the regions on both sides of the fourth region 9.4 are symmetrically arranged. See Figure 2 In one embodiment, the junction of each pair of adjacent chip breakers is a chip-receiving portion 10. An inclined connecting portion 15 is provided in the area between the arc-shaped cutting edge 6 and the chip-receiving portion 10, and the inclined connecting portion 15 and the chip-receiving portion 10 are smoothly connected. The inclined connecting portion 15 is divided into left and right parts. This arrangement can better receive the transition and facilitate the movement and discharge of cutting chips. See Figure 5 In one embodiment, the arc-shaped cutting edge 6 is passivated to form a passivated cutting edge, and the width of the arc-shaped cutting edge 6, i.e. the passivation value of the cutting edge, is 0.02 mm. See Figure 5 In one embodiment, the width between the chip-receiving portion and the inclined connecting portion at the connection position 16 and the arc-shaped cutting edge 6 is set to 0.5 mm.

[0023] The blade is made of cemented carbide.

[0024] In the specific processing, the blade is formed by pressing with a mold, and the pressed blade is then sintered. After sintering, the cutting edge is treated to reduce the dulling value of the cutting edge, thereby improving the sharpness of the cutting edge.

[0025] It should be noted that the shape of the blade is not limited to a square; the blade can also be triangular, hexagonal, or other shapes used for machining. The double back angle of the above-mentioned blade design is achieved by precision grinding after sintering; the cutting edge passivation is achieved by chemical mechanical polishing.

[0026] The specific angles of the first rear angle 11 and the second rear angle 12 mentioned above can be adjusted appropriately according to actual processing requirements and the type of aluminum alloy material.

[0027] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0028] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0029] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0031] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

Claims

1. A turning insert, characterized in that, The blade has a hexahedral structure and a square structure with a blade tip angle of 90°. It includes an upper surface, a lower surface, four side surfaces connecting the upper and lower surfaces, and four transition back angle units connecting adjacent side surfaces. The blade has a central positioning hole in the middle, and the upper surface contains a cutting unit, which includes a straight cutting edge, a circular arc cutting edge, and a chip breaker groove. The straight cutting edge is formed by the intersection of the upper surface and the side surface, and the circular arc cutting edge is formed by the intersection of the upper surface and the transition clearance angle unit; the chip breaker groove includes a rake face, a groove bottom surface, and a chip-receiving part located inside the straight cutting edge and connected in sequence; the transition clearance angle unit adopts a double clearance angle design, including a first clearance angle near the upper surface and a second clearance angle near the lower surface; the first clearance angle and the second clearance angle are connected by a joint transition; the upper arc of the first clearance angle is connected to the circular arc cutting edge.

2. A turning tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle of the first rear angle is set to 7°.

3. A turning insert according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle range of the second rear angle is set to 9.85°.

4. A turning insert according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side surface is an inclined surface that gradually tapers from the top surface to the bottom surface, with an inclination angle of 2.85°.

5. A turning insert according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chip breaker groove has a wavy geometry, and the rake face near the straight cutting edge is a sloped surface that slopes towards the bottom of the groove at an angle of 2.53°.

6. A turning tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chip breaking groove and the edge of the center positioning hole are set as a horizontal area on the upper surface. The bottom of the groove and the outer edge of the horizontal area are arc-shaped raised groove bottom surfaces. One end of the groove bottom surface extends to the outer edge of the horizontal area and is curved, while the other end of the groove bottom surface smoothly transitions with the groove bottom.

7. A turning insert according to claim 6, characterized in that: The height of the horizontal area on the upper surface is higher than that of the bottom surface of the groove; the height of the bottom surface of the groove is higher than that of the rake face, so that the cross-sectional waveform curve of the insert from the center positioning hole to the straight cutting edge gradually decreases from the center to the edge.

8. A turning insert according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the groove is designed with multiple chip removal areas, with large and small sections arranged alternately from one end to the other.

9. A turning tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The junction of each pair of adjacent chip breakers is a chip-receiving section. An inclined connecting section is provided in the area between the arc cutting edge and the chip-receiving section, and the inclined connecting section and the chip-receiving section are smoothly connected. The inclined connecting section is divided into left and right parts.

10. A turning insert according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circular arc cutting edge is dulled by a passivation process, resulting in a passivated cutting edge. The width of the circular arc cutting edge, i.e., the passivation value, is 0.02mm.

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