Special-shaped split combined lathe tool and lathe

Abstract

This application relates to the field of irregular-shaped turning tools, specifically disclosing an irregular-shaped split-type combined turning tool and lathe. The irregular-shaped split-type combined turning tool includes a tool body, a tool tip, a connecting assembly, a positioning assembly, and the tool tip. The tool body has a first connecting end face; the tool tip has a second connecting end face that mates with the first connecting end face; the connecting assembly includes two sets of meshing serrated structures, one serrated structure being disposed on the first connecting end face and the other serrated structure being disposed on the second connecting end face; the positioning assembly includes a first positioning hole, a second positioning hole, and a positioning element, with both ends of the positioning element respectively inserted into the first and second positioning holes; the insert is disposed on the side of the tool tip away from the tool body. During assembly, the tool tip and tool body are automatically aligned by the inclined surface guidance of the serrated structure, significantly improving assembly accuracy. Simultaneously, the multi-tooth contact surface formed by the meshing serrations can evenly distribute cutting forces, avoiding localized stress concentration, thereby enhancing connection rigidity and extending tool life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of irregular-shaped turning tools, and in particular to an irregular-shaped split-type combined turning tool and a lathe. Background Technology

[0002] In precision turning, for workpieces with complex structures (such as deep cavities and irregular contours), non-standard turning tools with large insert overhangs are required due to workpiece interference limitations.

[0003] Currently, non-standard custom turning tools are mainly divided into integral and split structures. Integral structures are extremely difficult to form in one piece, requiring multiple complex machining processes to ensure straightness and rigidity. This results in long processing cycles, high costs, and a tendency for machining errors to lead to insufficient cutting accuracy. More importantly, integral structures require material preparation based on the maximum overhang length and overall contour, leading to low raw material utilization. Therefore, considering cost control, production efficiency, and material utilization, split structures have become the industry's preferred choice for non-standard custom turning tools.

[0004] However, existing split-type cutting tools mostly employ simple splicing structures or single bolt-fixed connections, lacking reliable positioning and torque transmission designs. This simplistic structure is highly susceptible to problems such as loosening of connections and misalignment of positioning references under large overhang cutting conditions, leading to cutting vibrations. These vibrations not only cause chatter marks on the workpiece surface but also exacerbate tool chipping and wear, severely impacting machining accuracy and stability, and failing to meet the high requirements for dimensional consistency and surface quality in complex turning. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a non-standard, modular lathe tool and a lathe.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: According to one aspect of this application, a non-standard split-type composite turning tool is provided, comprising: The blade body has a first connecting end face; The cutting head has a second connecting end face that mates with the first connecting end face; A connecting component includes two sets of meshing sawtooth structures, wherein one of the sawtooth structures is disposed on the first connecting end face and the other sawtooth structure is disposed on the second connecting end face; The positioning component includes a first positioning hole, a second positioning hole, and a positioning member. The two ends of the positioning member are respectively inserted into the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole. The first positioning hole is formed on the first connecting end face, and the second positioning hole is formed on the second connecting end face. The blade is located on the side of the blade head away from the blade body.

[0007] In one embodiment, the saw tooth structure includes a plurality of saw teeth arranged at intervals, each saw tooth including two inclined saw sides and a saw top surface connecting the two saw sides, the two saw sides being inclined in opposite directions, and the cross-sectional shape of the saw tooth being an isosceles trapezoid.

[0008] In one embodiment, the acute angle between the saw side and the first connecting end face ranges from 30 degrees to 60 degrees.

[0009] In one embodiment, the sawtooth structure further includes a plurality of connecting grooves, the cross-sectional shape of which is arc-shaped, and each connecting groove is respectively opened between two adjacent sawtooths.

[0010] In one embodiment, both the first connecting end face and the second connecting end face are perpendicular to the axial direction of the blade body.

[0011] In one embodiment, a liquid inlet channel is provided on the side of the blade body away from the blade head. The liquid inlet channel is used to transport coolant, and the outlet of the liquid inlet channel is connected to the first positioning hole. The positioning component has a positioning channel extending through its middle portion, and the positioning channel connects the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole; The cutter head has a liquid outlet channel on the side away from the cutter body. The liquid outlet of the liquid outlet channel is connected to the second positioning hole, and the liquid outlet of the liquid outlet channel is oriented towards the blade for spraying coolant onto the blade.

[0012] In one embodiment, a fixing component is further included, the fixing component including a first mounting hole, a second mounting hole and a fixing member, the first mounting hole being formed on the first connecting end face, the second mounting hole penetrating the second connecting end face, and the fixing member being detachably connected to the second mounting hole and the first mounting hole.

[0013] In one embodiment, the fixing components are provided in two sets, with the two sets of fixing components located on the radial sides of the first positioning hole, respectively.

[0014] In one embodiment, a mounting groove is provided at the end of the blade away from the blade body, the blade is fixed in the mounting groove by a clamping screw, and the cutting part of the blade protrudes from the mounting groove.

[0015] According to another aspect of this application, a lathe is also provided, including a spindle and the aforementioned irregularly shaped split-assembly tool, the shank of which is connected to the spindle via an assembly assembly.

[0016] According to the embodiments of this application, the irregularly shaped split-type combination turning tool and lathe achieve the connection of the first and second connecting end faces through the meshing of two sets of sawtooth structures in the connecting assembly, thus connecting the tool body and the tool head. During assembly, the tool head and tool body are automatically aligned by the inclined guide of the sawtooth structure, significantly improving assembly accuracy. Simultaneously, the multi-tooth contact surface formed by the meshing of the sawtooths can evenly distribute cutting forces, avoiding localized stress concentration, thereby enhancing connection rigidity and extending tool life. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This illustration shows a structural schematic diagram of an irregularly shaped split-type combined turning tool provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of an irregularly shaped split-type combined lathe tool provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This illustration shows a structural diagram of the tool body in an irregularly shaped split-type combined lathe tool provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This illustration shows a structural diagram of a positioning component in a non-standard, modular lathe tool according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the cutting head in a non-standard modular lathe tool according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 Show Figure 5 Rear view; Figure 7 This diagram illustrates the serrated structure in a non-standard modular lathe tool according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 This diagram illustrates the meshing structure of two sets of saw teeth in a non-standard split-type combined cutting tool according to an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Tool body; 11. First connecting end face; 2. Cutting head; 21. Second connecting end face; 22. Mounting groove; 221. Fixed groove; 222. Movable side; 23. Liquid outlet channel; 3. Connecting components; 31. Sawtooth structure; 311. Sawtooth; 3111. Saw side surface; 3112. Saw top surface; 4. Positioning component; 41. First positioning hole; 42. Second positioning hole; 43. Positioning element; 431. Positioning channel; 5. Blade; 6. Fixing component; 61. First mounting hole; 62. Second mounting hole; 63. Fixing element; 7. Tighten the screws. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0020] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in this embodiment are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this utility model. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to this utility model and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components. In actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0021] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc., illustrated in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to limit the implementation conditions of this utility model. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportional relationships, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and purposes that this utility model can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this utility model.

[0022] The orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," "longitudinal," "transverse," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "radial," and "circumferential" used in this specification are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the purpose of simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] like Figures 1-8 As shown, this embodiment provides a non-standard split-type combined lathe tool, including a tool body 1, a tool head 2, a connecting component 3, a positioning component 4, and the tool head 2. The tool body 1 has a first connecting end face 11; the tool head 2 has a second connecting end face 21 that mates with the first connecting end face 11; the connecting component 3 includes two sets of meshing sawtooth structures 31, one sawtooth structure 31 being disposed on the first connecting end face 11 and the other sawtooth structure 31 being disposed on the second connecting end face 21; the positioning component 4 includes a first positioning hole 41, a second positioning hole 42, and a positioning element 43, with both ends of the positioning element 43 being inserted into the first positioning hole 41 and the second positioning hole 42, respectively. The first positioning hole 41 is opened on the first connecting end face 11, and the second positioning hole 42 is opened on the second connecting end face 21; the cutting blade 5 is disposed on the side of the tool head 2 away from the tool body 1.

[0024] The positioning element 43 is inserted into the first positioning hole 41 and the second positioning hole 42 at both ends, respectively, to achieve initial positioning and connection of the tool body 1 and the tool head 2, ensuring the coaxiality of the tool head 2 and the tool body 1 and achieving reliable positioning. The two sets of sawtooth structures 31 in the connecting assembly 3 mesh with each other to connect the first connecting end face 11 and the second connecting end face 21, thus connecting the tool body 1 and the tool head 2. During assembly, the tool head 2 and the tool body 1 are automatically aligned by the inclined surface guidance of the sawtooth structure 31, significantly improving assembly accuracy. Simultaneously, the multi-tooth contact surface formed by the meshing of the sawtooth 311 can evenly distribute cutting force, avoiding local stress concentration, thereby enhancing connection rigidity and extending tool life.

[0025] Furthermore, the separate structure of the tool body 1 and the tool head 2 solves the problems of the high difficulty of integral molding of traditional integral non-standard lathe tools with long overhangs, which require multiple complex machining processes to ensure straightness and rigidity, resulting in long processing cycles, high costs, and susceptibility to machining errors leading to insufficient cutting accuracy. In addition, the integral structure requires material preparation based on the maximum overhang length and overall contour, resulting in low raw material utilization and significant material waste. During the cutting process, the insert 5 or tool head 2 is prone to wear and damage, requiring the replacement of the entire tool in the integral structure, leading to high operating costs.

[0026] In some embodiments, the sawtooth structure 31 includes a plurality of sawtooths 311 arranged at intervals. Each sawtooth 311 includes two inclined saw facets 3111 and a saw top surface 3112 connecting the two saw facets 3111. The two saw facets 3111 are inclined in opposite directions, and the cross-sectional shape of the sawtooth 311 is an isosceles trapezoid. When subjected to radial or axial cutting forces, the saw facets 3111 of the sawtooth 311 generate a counterforce, preventing relative displacement between the cutter head 2 and the cutter body 1, thereby improving cutting stability. Furthermore, by adopting a saw top surface 3112 structure at the top of the sawtooth 311, compared to a sharp end, stress distribution can be improved, load can be smoothly transmitted, and the occurrence of sawtooth 311 chipping and wear can be reduced, thereby improving the fatigue strength and service life of the sawtooth structure 31. At the same time, it can also suppress cutting vibration and meet the high-precision requirements of long overhanging irregular shapes.

[0027] Preferably, the acute angle between the saw side 3111 and the first connecting end face 11 is 30 degrees, 45 degrees, or 60 degrees. This angle range ensures self-locking performance while balancing the strength and ease of processing of the saw teeth 311. If the angle is too small, the saw teeth 311 will wear easily; if the angle is too large, the self-locking effect will decrease. Therefore, the above-mentioned angle range optimizes the connection reliability by balancing mechanical properties and process requirements.

[0028] Furthermore, the acute angle between the saw side surface 3111 and the first connecting end face 11 ranges from 30 degrees to 60 degrees. The smaller the acute angle between the saw side surface 3111 and the first connecting end face 11, the stronger the wedge-shaped self-locking ability of the saw tooth 311, but the lower the strength at the root of the saw tooth 311; conversely, the larger the acute angle between the saw side surface 3111 and the first connecting end face 11, the weaker the wedge-shaped self-locking ability of the saw tooth 311, but the higher the strength at the root of the saw tooth 311. To ensure the self-locking performance of the saw tooth structure 31 and the structural strength of the saw tooth 311, the acute angle range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees is selected. In practical use, the acute angle between the saw side surface 3111 and the first connecting end surface 11 can be 30 degrees, 35 degrees, 40 degrees, 45 degrees, 50 degrees, 55 degrees and 60 degrees, etc. In this embodiment, the acute angle between the saw side surface 3111 and the first connecting end surface 11 is 60 degrees.

[0029] Furthermore, the sawtooth structure 31 also includes a plurality of connecting grooves 312, the cross-sectional shape of the connecting grooves 312 being arc-shaped, and each connecting groove 312 being respectively opened between two adjacent sawtooths 311, so that adjacent sawtooths 311 are connected by rounded corners, which can reduce stress concentration, prevent cracks from forming at the root of the sawtooths 311 due to fatigue load, and further improve the durability of the sawtooth structure 31.

[0030] like Figures 1-8 As shown, in some embodiments, the first connecting end face 11 and the second connecting end face 21 are both perpendicular to the axial direction of the cutter body 1. During the connection process, it can ensure that the two sets of saw tooth structures 31 approach each other along the axial direction of the cutter body 1 to achieve meshing, thereby ensuring that the saw side surface 3111 and the saw top surface 3112 of all saw teeth 311 can contact each other simultaneously and evenly. Furthermore, it can ensure the stability of the force on the saw tooth structure 31 during the cutting process and ensure the cutting accuracy.

[0031] In some embodiments, the cutter body 1 has a liquid inlet channel on the side away from the cutter head 2, which is used to transport coolant. The outlet of the liquid inlet channel is connected to the first positioning hole 41. The positioning member 43 has a positioning channel 431 through its middle, which connects the first positioning hole 41 and the second positioning hole 42. The cutter head 2 has a liquid outlet channel 23 on the side away from the cutter body 1. The inlet of the liquid outlet channel 23 is connected to the second positioning hole 42, and the outlet of the liquid outlet channel 23 is oriented towards the blade 5 for spraying coolant onto the blade 5. The coolant can flow through the liquid inlet channel, the positioning channel 431, and the liquid outlet channel 23 in sequence and then be directly sprayed onto the cutting area of ​​the blade 5, achieving precise cooling and lubrication. This can reduce the cutting temperature, reduce the wear of the blade 5, and also flush away chips in time, avoiding chip accumulation that affects machining accuracy, extending the life of the blade 5, and improving the surface roughness of the machined surface.

[0032] like Figures 1-8 As shown, in some embodiments, the irregularly shaped split-type combination lathe tool further includes a fixing component 6. The fixing component 6 includes a first mounting hole 61, a second mounting hole 62, and a fixing member 63. The first mounting hole 61 is formed on the first connecting end face 11, and the second mounting hole 62 penetrates the second connecting end face 21. The fixing member 63 is detachably connected to the second mounting hole 62 and the first mounting hole 61. The fixing member 63 can be a bolt or screw, etc. In this embodiment, the fixing member 63 is a fastening bolt. The fastening bolt is threadedly connected to the second mounting hole 62 and the first mounting hole 61, thereby achieving a stable connection between the tool body 1 and the tool head 2. This facilitates quick locking and fastening and quick disassembly between the tool body 1 and the tool head 2, improving assembly efficiency and facilitating maintenance and replacement.

[0033] In addition, different types of cutting heads can be quickly changed according to different processing needs, thereby improving the versatility of the cutting tools.

[0034] Optionally, two sets of fixing components 6 are provided, with the two sets of fixing components 6 located on the radial sides of the first positioning hole 41, respectively. The symmetrically arranged fixing components 63 can apply clamping force evenly, ensuring the uniformity of force on the first connecting end face 11 and the second connecting end face 21, further enhancing the connection stability and preventing situations such as blade head 2 deflection due to uneven force on one side.

[0035] In some embodiments, the end of the cutting head 2 away from the cutting body 1 has a mounting groove 22. The cutting blade 5 is fixed in the mounting groove 22 by a clamping screw 7, and the cutting portion of the cutting blade 5 protrudes from the mounting groove 22. The mounting groove 22 provides a mounting position for the cutting blade 5, ensuring the position and stability of the cutting blade 5. The protruding cutting portion of the cutting blade 5 effectively avoids interference between the cutting head 2 and the workpiece, ensuring the stability of cutting the workpiece. Fixing the cutting blade 5 with the clamping screw 7 facilitates the installation and removal of the cutting blade 5, improving assembly efficiency. In addition, different types of cutting blades 5 can be quickly replaced according to different processing needs, improving the versatility of the turning tool.

[0036] The clamping screw 7 can clamp and fix the part of the blade 5 located inside the cutter head 2. That is, the clamping screw 7 passes through the cutter head 2 and acts on the blade 5, thereby fixing the blade 5.

[0037] Furthermore, the mounting groove 22 may also include a fixed groove portion 221 and a movable side portion 222, which together form the mounting groove 22 for assembling the blade 5. The blade 5 is placed in the fixed groove portion 221, and the movable side portion 222 is used to hold the blade 5, thereby fixing the blade 5 between the fixed groove portion 221 and the movable side portion 222; while the clamping screw 7 is used to adjust the downward pressure force exerted by the movable side portion 222 on the blade 5.

[0038] like Figures 1-8 As shown above, the irregularly shaped split-type combined lathe tool provided in this embodiment, during assembly, first inserts one end of the positioning member 43 into the first positioning hole 41, then aligns the serrated structure 31 of the tool head 2 with the serrated structure 31 of the tool body 1, and engages the two serrated structures 31 to ensure that the tool body 1 and the tool head 2 are coaxial. During this process, the other end of the positioning member 43 is inserted into the second positioning hole 42. Then, the tool head 2 and the tool body 1 are fixedly connected by fastening bolts. The axial preload of the fastening bolts ensures that the mating surfaces of the two sets of serrations 311 of the tool body 1 and the tool head 2 are tightly fitted. The saw side 3111 bears the circumferential torque generated during cutting, achieving circumferential limiting and torque transmission. During cutting, coolant flows from the coolant channel of the machine tool turret into the inlet channel of the tool body 1, and is transported through the positioning channel 431 in the middle of the positioning member 43 to the outlet channel 23 of the tool head 2, finally being precisely sprayed onto the cutting edge of the insert 5, achieving efficient cooling.

[0039] like Figures 1-8As shown, this embodiment provides a lathe including a spindle and the aforementioned irregularly shaped split-type combined cutting tool. The tool body 1 of the irregularly shaped split-type combined cutting tool is connected to the spindle via an assembly assembly. The assembly assembly includes a side-locked tool holder, a hydraulic tool holder, or a heat-shrink tool holder, etc., ensuring the connection accuracy and mechanical stability between the irregularly shaped split-type combined cutting tool and the spindle. This allows the spindle's rotational power to be accurately transmitted to the irregularly shaped split-type combined cutting tool, avoiding power loss or vibration during power transmission and improving machining accuracy.

[0040] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0041] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A non-standard, modular lathe tool, characterized in that, include: The blade body (1) has a first connecting end face (11); The cutter head (2) has a second connecting end face (21) that mates with the first connecting end face (11); The connecting component (3) includes two sets of meshing sawtooth structures (31), wherein one of the sawtooth structures (31) is disposed on the first connecting end face (11), and the other sawtooth structure (31) is disposed on the second connecting end face (21); The positioning component (4) includes a first positioning hole (41), a second positioning hole (42), and a positioning member (43). The two ends of the positioning member (43) are respectively inserted into the first positioning hole (41) and the second positioning hole (42). The first positioning hole (41) is opened on the first connecting end face (11), and the second positioning hole (42) is opened on the second connecting end face (21). The blade (5) is located on the side of the blade head (2) away from the blade body (1).

2. The irregularly shaped split-type combined turning tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sawtooth structure (31) includes a plurality of sawtooths (311) arranged at intervals. Each sawtooth (311) includes two inclined saw side surfaces (3111) and a saw top surface (3112) connecting the two saw side surfaces (3111). The two saw side surfaces (3111) are inclined in opposite directions. The cross-sectional shape of the sawtooth (311) is an isosceles trapezoid.

3. The irregularly shaped split-type combined turning tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The acute angle between the saw side surface (3111) and the first connecting end surface (11) ranges from 30 degrees to 60 degrees.

4. The irregularly shaped split-type combined turning tool according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The sawtooth structure (31) also includes a plurality of connecting grooves (312), the cross-sectional shape of the connecting grooves (312) is arc-shaped, and each connecting groove (312) is respectively opened between two adjacent sawtooths (311).

5. The irregularly shaped split-type combined turning tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first connecting end face (11) and the second connecting end face (21) are both perpendicular to the axial direction of the blade body (1).

6. The irregularly shaped split-type combined turning tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blade body (1) has a liquid inlet channel on the side away from the blade head (2). The liquid inlet channel is used to transport coolant. The liquid outlet of the liquid inlet channel is connected to the first positioning hole (41). The positioning member (43) has a positioning channel (431) through the middle, and the positioning channel (431) connects the first positioning hole (41) and the second positioning hole (42). The blade (2) has a liquid outlet channel (23) on the side away from the blade body (1). The liquid inlet of the liquid outlet channel (23) is connected to the second positioning hole (42), and the liquid outlet of the liquid outlet channel (23) is set towards the blade (5) for spraying coolant onto the blade (5).

7. The irregularly shaped split-type combined turning tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a fixing component (6), which includes a first mounting hole (61), a second mounting hole (62) and a fastener (63). The first mounting hole (61) is opened on the first connecting end face (11), the second mounting hole (62) passes through the second connecting end face (21), and the fastener (63) is detachably connected to the second mounting hole (62) and the first mounting hole (61).

8. The irregularly shaped split-type combined turning tool according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fixing component (6) is provided in two sets, and the two sets of fixing components (6) are respectively located on the radial sides of the first positioning hole (41).

9. The irregularly shaped split-type combined turning tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting head (2) has a mounting groove (22) at one end away from the cutting body (1). The blade (5) is fixed in the mounting groove (22) by a clamping screw (7), and the cutting part of the blade (5) protrudes from the mounting groove (22).

10. A lathe, characterized in that, Includes a spindle and a non-standard split-type composite turning tool as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the tool body (1) of the non-standard split-type composite turning tool is connected to the spindle via an assembly assembly.

Images