Automatic press-fitting equipment with pressure head switching function

Abstract

The embodiment of the application relates to an automatic press-fitting device with a switching function of a pressing head, comprising a rack, a press-fitting mechanism arranged on the rack and having a press-fitting execution end moving along a press-fitting direction, a workpiece supporting mechanism located below the press-fitting mechanism, a pressing head assembly arranged between the press-fitting execution end and the workpiece supporting mechanism, the pressing head assembly comprising a plurality of pressing heads suitable for different press-fitting procedures, a switching driving mechanism in transmission connection with the pressing head assembly and used for driving the pressing head assembly to switch, and a lifting mechanism of the pressing head assembly used for driving a target pressing head to switch between a working position and a avoiding position. The plurality of pressing heads are integrated in the same device in advance, the calling of different pressing heads can be completed without disassembling the pressing heads during the switching of procedures, the positioning deviation accumulation problem caused by repeated disassembly and assembly of the pressing heads is avoided, the waiting time of equipment downtime is reduced, and the same press-fitting device can continuously complete a plurality of press-fitting procedures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of automated assembly equipment technology, and in particular to an automatic pressing equipment with a pressure head switching function. Background Technology

[0002] Press fitting is widely used in machinery manufacturing, automotive parts assembly, speed reduction mechanism assembly, and transmission component production. During product assembly, components such as shafts, bearings, sleeves, and end caps are typically pressed into designated positions sequentially to complete the overall assembly. For products with complex structures, an assembly process often includes multiple press fitting steps. The stress points, press fitting dimensions, and contact structures differ between these steps, thus requiring the use of different sized press heads to complete the corresponding press fitting operations.

[0003] Most existing press-fitting equipment uses a single press head structure. When the assembly process switches to the next press-fitting step, the operator needs to remove the current press head and install a new one according to the process requirements, and then recalibrate the position before production can continue. Since the press head replacement process requires manual intervention, it not only increases the process changeover time, but also easily introduces installation errors due to repeated disassembly and assembly, causing a misalignment between the press head center and the press-fitting center, which in turn affects the press-fitting accuracy and product assembly quality.

[0004] To address multi-stage pressing requirements, some equipment uses multiple presses to complete different pressing tasks, or separates the processes through multiple independent workstations. While this reduces the number of press head changes, the increased number of machines occupies more space, and workpieces need to be transferred between different workstations, making the process connections more complex. Furthermore, it's difficult to maintain consistent positioning benchmarks between different machines, which can easily lead to increased cumulative assembly errors. Utility Model Content

[0005] One objective of this application is to provide an automatic pressing device with a pressure head switching function, which at least solves the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, some embodiments of this application provide an automatic pressing device with a pressure head switching function, including:

[0007] frame;

[0008] A pressing mechanism is mounted on the frame and has a pressing execution end that moves along the pressing direction;

[0009] The workpiece support mechanism, located below the pressing mechanism, is used to support the workpiece to be pressed.

[0010] A pressure head assembly is disposed between the pressing execution end and the workpiece support mechanism, and the pressure head assembly includes multiple pressure heads suitable for different pressing processes;

[0011] A switching drive mechanism is connected to the pressure head assembly for driving the pressure head assembly to switch so that the target pressure head among the multiple pressure heads corresponds to the pressing execution end;

[0012] The pressure head assembly also includes a lifting mechanism, which is used to drive the target pressure head to switch between a working position and an avoidance position.

[0013] Compared with related technologies, the solution provided in this application provides a pressure head assembly containing multiple pressure heads between the pressing mechanism and the workpiece support mechanism. A switching drive mechanism is used to switch the pressure head assembly, allowing the pressure heads required for different pressing processes to selectively correspond to the pressing execution end. Compared to using a single pressure head and relying on manual replacement to complete different pressing processes, this structure pre-integrates multiple pressure heads into the same device, enabling the use of different pressure heads without disassembling them during process switching. This avoids the problem of accumulated positioning deviations caused by repeated disassembly and assembly of pressure heads, reduces equipment downtime, and allows the same pressing equipment to continuously complete multiple pressing processes, improving the stability of connections between different processes.

[0014] In this embodiment, the target pressure head is driven into the working position by the lifting mechanism after switching, and returns to the avoidance position after pressing is completed. Since the pressure head switching action and the pressure head working action are independent of each other, the pressure head in the non-working state can maintain a distance from the workpiece during the pressure head assembly switching process. This structure solves the problem of interference between the pressure head and the workpiece, fixture, or equipment components that easily occurs when multiple pressure heads share the same mounting carrier. Simultaneously, by using a switching-then-lifting motion, the pressure head positioning action and the pressing action are completed in stages, reducing the impact on the pressure head positioning accuracy during switching and helping to ensure the repeatability and accuracy of the target pressure head when entering the pressing station. Attached Figure Description

[0015] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference numerals in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic pressing equipment provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the automatic pressing equipment provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram from another perspective of the automatic pressing equipment provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure head assembly provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0020] Figure label:

[0021] 1: Rack;

[0022] 2: Pressing mechanism; 21: Pressing actuator;

[0023] 3: Workpiece support mechanism; 31: Reaction support seat;

[0024] 4: Pressure head assembly; 41: Pressure head; 411: Guide rod; 412: First limiting boss; 413: Second limiting boss; 414: Spring; 42: Mounting carrier; 421: Vertical arm; 422: Horizontal arm; 423: Mounting position; 43: Fastener; 44: Lifting mechanism; 441: Lifting positioning plate; 442: Lifting guide rail; 443: Lifting cylinder; 4431: Cylinder body; 4432: Piston rod; 444: First connecting plate; 445: Second connecting plate;

[0025] 5: Switching drive mechanism; 51: Drive component; 521: Lead screw; 522: Lead screw nut; 53: Mounting plate; 54: Transverse guide rail. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this disclosure described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0028] In this disclosure, the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "middle," "outer," "front," and "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for better description of the embodiments of this disclosure and their implementations, and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements, or components to having a specific orientation, or to require them to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Furthermore, some of the aforementioned terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides orientation or positional relationship; for example, the term "upper" may in some cases indicate a dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in the embodiments of this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] Furthermore, the terms "set up," "connect," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] Unless otherwise stated, the term "multiple" means two or more.

[0031] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the character " / " indicates that the objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B means: A or B.

[0032] The term "and / or" describes an association between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B means: A or B, or A and B.

[0033] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present disclosure can be combined with each other.

[0034] Combination Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the figure, an automatic pressing device with a pressure head switching function provided in this embodiment includes: a frame 1; a pressing mechanism 2, which is disposed on the frame 1 and has a pressing execution end 21 that moves along the pressing direction; a workpiece support mechanism 3, which is located below the pressing mechanism 2 and is used to support the workpiece to be pressed; a pressure head assembly 4, which is disposed between the pressing execution end 21 and the workpiece support mechanism 3, and the pressure head assembly 4 includes a plurality of pressure heads 41 suitable for different pressing processes; and a switching drive mechanism 5, which is connected to the pressure head assembly 4 for driving the pressure head assembly 4 to switch so that the target pressure head among the plurality of pressure heads 41 corresponds to the pressing execution end 21.

[0035] The automatic pressing equipment provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure uses a pressing head assembly 4 containing multiple pressing heads, which is set between the pressing mechanism 2 and the workpiece support mechanism 3. A switching drive mechanism 5 drives the pressing head assembly 4 to switch, allowing the pressing heads required for different pressing processes to selectively correspond to the pressing execution end 21. Compared to using a single pressing head and relying on manual replacement to complete different pressing processes, this structure integrates multiple pressing heads into the same equipment beforehand, allowing for the retrieval of different pressing heads without disassembling them during process switching. This avoids the problem of accumulated positioning deviations caused by repeated disassembly and assembly of pressing heads, reduces equipment downtime, enables the same pressing equipment to continuously complete multiple pressing processes, and improves the stability of connections between different processes.

[0036] In some embodiments, the pressing mechanism 2 is a servo press.

[0037] In some embodiments, the workpiece support mechanism 3 includes a reaction support seat 31, which is used to withstand the reaction force generated during the pressing process.

[0038] In some embodiments, the multiple pressure heads correspond to workpieces of different sizes or different pressing processes. The different pressing processes include at least two of the following: pressing of shaft parts, pressing of bearings, and pressing of end caps.

[0039] Optionally, multiple pressure heads are mounted on the same mounting carrier 42, and the switching drive mechanism 5 drives the mounting carrier 42 to move, so as to realize the switching between multiple pressure heads.

[0040] In this embodiment, multiple pressure heads are mounted on the same mounting carrier 42, and the switching drive mechanism 5 directly drives the mounting carrier 42 to switch pressure heads. Since the positional relationship of each pressure head relative to the mounting carrier 42 is fixed in advance, there is no need to reinstall and calibrate each pressure head separately during the pressure head switching process. When the target pressure head moves to the pressing station, its positional accuracy relative to the mounting carrier 42 can still be maintained. This structure solves the problem of repetitive positioning errors that easily occur when multiple pressure heads are replaced independently.

[0041] Optionally, the mounting carrier 42 is L-shaped and includes a vertical arm 421 and a horizontal arm 422 connected to each other. The vertical arm 421 is configured for fixed installation, that is, the vertical arm 421 is connected to the lifting mechanism 44, and the horizontal arm 422 is used to install the pressure head. The horizontal arm 422 is provided with at least two mounting positions 423, which are used to install the corresponding pressure head.

[0042] In this embodiment, the pressure head mounting area and the drive connection area are separated, so that the load generated by the switching drive mechanism 5 and the lifting mechanism 44 is mainly transmitted through the vertical arm 421, while multiple pressure heads are concentrated on the horizontal arm 422. This reduces the degree to which the pressure head mounting area is affected by complex loads, and at the same time facilitates increasing or decreasing the number of mounting positions 423 according to the number of pressing processes. When multiple pressure heads are arranged together, the mounting positions 423 always maintain a fixed spacing relationship.

[0043] In some embodiments, the mounting position 423 is a mounting groove provided on the cross arm 422, the pressure head is embedded in the corresponding mounting groove, and the pressure head is detachably connected to the cross arm 422 by fastener 43.

[0044] For example, two mounting grooves are provided at intervals on the cross arm 422 of the mounting carrier 42, and a first pressure head and a second pressure head are respectively installed in each mounting groove. The first pressure head is used for press-fitting the planetary gear shaft, and the second pressure head is used for press-fitting the bearing.

[0045] It should be understood that the number of mounting grooves is not limited to two. Depending on the actual number of pressing processes required, three, four or more mounting grooves can be set, and pressure heads of different specifications can be configured accordingly to meet the pressing requirements of different products or different processes.

[0046] Optionally, the pressure head includes: a guide rod 411, which is movably inserted through the cross arm 422 of the mounting carrier 42; a first limiting boss 412, which is sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide rod 411 and slidably engaged with the guide rod 411, and the first limiting boss 412 overlaps the cross arm 422 of the mounting carrier 42; a second limiting boss 413, which is fixedly disposed on the guide rod 411 and located on the side of the first limiting boss 412 away from the cross arm 422; and a spring 414, which is sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide rod 411 and located between the first limiting boss 412 and the second limiting boss 413; when the pressure head is pressed, the guide rod 411 moves relative to the first limiting boss 412, and the second limiting boss 413 compresses the spring 414, so that the spring 414 undergoes elastic deformation under pressure.

[0047] In this embodiment, a floating pressure head structure is formed by a guide rod 411, a first limiting boss 412, a second limiting boss 413, and a spring 414. When the pressure head contacts the workpiece and is continuously pressed, the guide rod 411 can generate axial displacement relative to the first limiting boss 412, and the second limiting boss 413 synchronously compresses the spring 414, giving the pressure head a certain range of elastic clearance. This structure can absorb the instantaneous impact load caused by workpiece size variations, clamping errors, or local contact deviations during the pressing process, preventing the pressing force from directly acting on the rigid connection structure. At the same time, the restoring force generated by the spring 414 allows the pressure head to automatically return to its initial position after pressing is completed.

[0048] In some embodiments, the spring 414 is in a preloaded state so that the pressure head tends to float axially along the guide rod 411.

[0049] In this embodiment, the first limiting boss 412 is always attached to the cross arm 422 of the mounting carrier 42. When the pressure head is not subjected to external force, the spring 414 is in a pre-compressed state and applies an elastic support force to the guide rod 411 through the second limiting boss 413, so that the pressure head maintains its initial position.

[0050] When the pressing actuation end 21 applies downward pressure, the pressing head first contacts the workpiece to be pressed. As the pressing force continues to increase, the guide rod 411 moves downward relative to the first limiting boss 412, and the second limiting boss 413 moves towards the first limiting boss 412 simultaneously, thereby compressing the spring 414 disposed between the two. After pressing is completed, under the action of the restoring force of the spring 414, the guide rod 411 returns to its initial position.

[0051] By setting the above floating structure, the pressure head can generate a small amount of axial compensation during the pressing process, thereby reducing the impact of workpiece positioning error, assembly deviation and pressure head installation error on the pressing quality, and improving pressing accuracy and pressing stability.

[0052] In some embodiments, a plurality of pressure heads are arranged at intervals along a preset direction, and the switching drive mechanism 5 drives the mounting carrier 42 to move along the preset direction. For example, the preset direction is horizontal, and the switching drive mechanism 5 drives the mounting carrier 42 to move horizontally.

[0053] Optionally, the pressure head assembly 4 also includes a lifting mechanism 44, which is used to drive the target pressure head to switch between a working position and an avoidance position.

[0054] In this embodiment, the pressure head assembly 4 is equipped with a lifting mechanism 44. After the target pressure head is switched, it is driven into the working position by the lifting mechanism 44, and then returns to the avoidance position after the pressing is completed. Since the pressure head switching action and the pressure head working action are independent of each other, the pressure head in the non-working state can maintain a distance from the workpiece during the switching process of the pressure head assembly 4. This structure solves the problem of interference between the pressure head and the workpiece, fixture or equipment parts that easily occurs when multiple pressure heads share the same mounting carrier 42. At the same time, by switching first and then lifting, the pressure head positioning action and the pressing action are completed in stages, reducing the impact on the pressure head positioning accuracy during the switching process, which is conducive to ensuring the repeatability accuracy of the target pressure head when it enters the pressing station.

[0055] Optionally, the lifting mechanism 44 includes: a lifting positioning plate 441, which is connected to the switching drive mechanism 5; a lifting guide rail 442, which is disposed on the lifting positioning plate 441 and slidably connected to the mounting carrier 42; and a lifting cylinder 443, which includes a cylinder body 4431 and a piston rod 4432. The cylinder body 4431 is fixedly disposed on the lifting positioning plate 441, and the piston rod 4432 is connected to the mounting carrier 42 to drive the mounting carrier 42 to reciprocate along the lifting guide rail 442.

[0056] In this embodiment, a lifting mechanism 44, consisting of a lifting positioning plate 441, a lifting guide rail 442, and a lifting cylinder 443, is used. The mounting carrier 42 is not directly fixed to the switching drive mechanism 5, but rather forms a guiding relationship with the lifting positioning plate 441 via the lifting guide rail 442. When the target pressure head is switched to the corresponding position, the lifting cylinder 443 drives the mounting carrier 42 to move up and down along the lifting guide rail 442, causing the pressure head to enter the working position or exit to the avoidance position. This structure avoids the switching drive mechanism 5 directly bearing the axial load generated during the pressing process, thereby reducing the possibility of positional displacement caused by the pressing impact on the positioning components of the switching drive mechanism 5. Simultaneously, the lifting guide rail 442 provides stable guidance for the mounting carrier 42, ensuring that the target pressure head always moves along a predetermined trajectory when entering the pressing position, thus maintaining the correspondence between the pressure head and the pressing execution end 21 during repeated switching processes.

[0057] In practical applications, the cylinder 4431 is connected to the lifting and positioning plate 441 via the first connecting plate 444, and the piston rod 4432 is connected to the mounting carrier 42 via the second connecting plate 445, so as to drive the mounting carrier 42 to reciprocate along the lifting guide rail 442.

[0058] In this embodiment, when the target pressure head is switched to the pressing position, the lifting cylinder 443 is activated, the piston rod 4432 extends and drives the mounting carrier 42 to move downward along the lifting guide rail 442 through the second connecting plate 445, so that the target pressure head enters the working position; after the pressing is completed, the lifting cylinder 443 reverses its action, driving the mounting carrier 42 to move upward along the lifting guide rail 442, so that the target pressure head returns to the avoidance position.

[0059] By setting up the lifting mechanism 44, interference with the workpiece or other parts of the equipment can be avoided during the pressure head switching process. At the same time, the movement space for pressure head switching is reserved to improve the reliability of equipment operation.

[0060] Optionally, the switching drive mechanism 5 includes a drive component 51 and a transmission assembly. The transmission assembly is connected to the lifting positioning plate 441 of the lifting mechanism 44. The drive component 51 drives the lifting positioning plate 441 to move through the transmission assembly, thereby driving the pressure head to switch.

[0061] In this embodiment, the switching drive mechanism 5 does not directly drive the mounting carrier 42, but instead drives the lifting positioning plate 441 to move as a whole through the transmission component. The lifting positioning plate 441 then drives the lifting mechanism 44 and the pressure head assembly 4 to switch synchronously. Since the pressure head assembly 4 and the lifting mechanism 44 are adjusted as a whole, the positional relationship of each pressure head relative to the lifting mechanism 44 remains unchanged during the switching process. This structure avoids the problem of having to re-establish the lifting reference after the pressure head assembly 4 is switched, and ensures that the guide center of the lifting mechanism 44 moves synchronously with the center of the pressure head. This guarantees that after different pressure heads are switched to the work position, they can all enter the working position along the same lifting path, reducing the cumulative deviation caused by multiple switches.

[0062] Optionally, the driving component 51 is a servo motor, and the transmission assembly includes a lead screw 521 and a nut 522 threadedly engaged with the lead screw 521. The lead screw 521 is connected to the output end of the servo motor. The switching drive mechanism 5 also includes: a mounting plate 53, which is mounted on the frame 1; and a transverse guide rail 54, which is mounted on the mounting plate 53. The extension direction of the transverse guide rail 54 is the same as the axial direction of the lead screw 521. The lifting positioning plate 441 is connected to the nut 522 and slides with the transverse guide rail 54. The servo motor drives the lead screw 521 to rotate, thereby moving the nut 522, the lifting positioning plate 441, and the mounting carrier 42 along the transverse guide rail 54 to achieve the switching of the pressure head.

[0063] In this embodiment, a switching drive mechanism 5 is constructed using a servo motor, a lead screw 521, a lead screw nut 522, and a transverse guide rail 54. The rotational motion of the servo motor is converted into linear motion of the lifting positioning plate 441 via the lead screw 521 and lead screw nut 522, and under the constraint of the transverse guide rail 54, it drives the mounting carrier 42 to switch positions. Compared to switching using cylinder limit switches or stop block positioning switches, this structure establishes a correspondence between the pressure head position and the rotation of the lead screw 521, so that the switching position of each target pressure head is directly determined by the transmission parameters. At the same time, the transverse guide rail 54 undertakes the guiding function, and the lead screw 521 undertakes the driving function. The functions of the two are separated, reducing the positional error caused by the coupling of the driving load and the guiding load. This allows multiple pressure heads to maintain stable repeatability and positioning accuracy when switching between different positions.

[0064] Optionally, it also includes: a position detection mechanism, disposed on the frame 1, for detecting whether the target pressure head has switched to a preset position.

[0065] In this embodiment, a position detection mechanism is used to detect whether the target pressing head has reached the preset position. After the switching drive mechanism 5 completes the pressing head switching, the position detection mechanism confirms the position status of the target pressing head, and only allows the subsequent pressing process to proceed after the target pressing head has reached the preset position. This structure solves the problem of lack of status confirmation between the pressing head switching process and the pressing action, avoiding the offset between the center of the pressing head and the center of the pressing execution end 21 caused by the pressing head not being fully in place before pressing is performed. By using the position detection result as the execution condition for the pressing action, the pressing head switching status can participate in the equipment control process, thereby improving the reliability of the connection between different pressing processes.

[0066] For example, multiple pressure heads are pre-installed on the cross arm 422 of the mounting carrier 42, with different pressure heads corresponding to different pressing processes. For instance, the first pressure head is used for planetary gear shaft pressing, and the third pressure head is used for bearing pressing. When it is necessary to switch pressing processes, the control unit sends a switching command to the servo motor. The servo motor drives the lead screw 521 to rotate, and the lead screw nut 522 moves axially along the lead screw 521, driving the lifting positioning plate 441, the lifting mechanism 44, and the mounting carrier 42 to move synchronously along the transverse guide rail 54, so that the target pressure head moves directly below the pressing execution end 21. When the position detection mechanism confirms that the target pressure head has reached the preset position, the switching drive mechanism 5 stops operating, and then the corresponding pressing process is executed. In this way, the switching between different pressing processes can be completed without manual disassembly and assembly of the pressure heads, improving the equipment changeover efficiency and automation level.

[0067] Optionally, the position detection mechanism includes at least one of a proximity switch, a photoelectric sensor, or an encoder.

[0068] In this embodiment, the proximity switch can perform non-contact detection of the positioning status of the mounting carrier 42; the photoelectric sensor can achieve rapid identification of the pressure head position; and the encoder can obtain the real-time position information of the pressure head through displacement data feedback. Different detection methods can be selected or combined according to the equipment structure and control accuracy requirements. By cooperating with the position detection mechanism and the control unit, the control unit can control the switching drive mechanism 5 to stop moving according to the real-time position of the target pressure head, and control the pressing mechanism 2 to execute the corresponding pressing process after the target pressure head reaches the working position. This forms a linkage control process of "pressure head switching - position confirmation - pressing execution", which establishes a sequential association between the pressure head selection process and the pressing process, reducing the problem of misalignment of pressing processes caused by incorrect workstation identification.

[0069] In one embodiment, the position detection mechanism employs a proximity switch. A detection block is mounted on the mounting carrier 42, and the proximity switch is positioned at the corresponding location on the frame 1. When the target pressure head moves to the preset position, the detection block enters the detection range of the proximity switch, and the proximity switch outputs a position signal.

[0070] In another embodiment, the position detection mechanism uses a photoelectric sensor to determine whether the target pressure head has reached the preset position by detecting the position of the mounting carrier 42.

[0071] In another embodiment, the position detection mechanism uses an encoder to calculate the moving distance of the mounting carrier 42 by obtaining the rotation angle of the servo motor, thereby determining the position of the target pressure head.

[0072] In some embodiments, a control unit is also included. The control unit is electrically connected to the pressing mechanism 2 and the switching drive mechanism 5. It is used to control the switching drive mechanism 5 to drive the corresponding target pressure head to switch to the working position according to the pressing process, and to control the pressing mechanism 2 to press the workpiece through the target pressure head.

[0073] In this embodiment, the control unit pre-stores the pressing head numbers and switching position parameters corresponding to different pressing processes. Upon receiving a pressing command, the control unit determines the corresponding target pressing head based on the current pressing process and controls the switching drive mechanism 5 to complete the pressing head switching. After the target pressing head is in place, the control unit controls the lifting mechanism 44 to move the target pressing head to the working position, and then controls the pressing mechanism 2 to perform the pressing action. After the pressing is completed, the control unit controls the lifting mechanism 44 to reset and performs subsequent pressing head switching actions according to the requirements of the next process.

[0074] The above control method can realize automatic switching between different pressing processes, thereby improving the continuous operation capability and production efficiency of the equipment.

[0075] The automatic pressing of a planetary carrier assembly is illustrated as an example. The automatic pressing equipment in this embodiment includes a frame 1, a pressing mechanism 2, a workpiece support mechanism 3, a pressing head assembly 4, a switching drive mechanism 5, a lifting mechanism 44, a position detection mechanism, and a control unit. The pressing mechanism 2 is a servo press, the workpiece support mechanism 3 is a reaction support seat 31, and the pressing head assembly 4 includes a first pressing head for pressing the planetary gear shaft, a second pressing head for pressing the end cap, and a third pressing head for pressing the bearing. All three pressing heads are mounted on the same mounting carrier 42. The mounting carrier 42 is mounted on a lifting positioning plate 441 via the lifting mechanism 44. The lifting positioning plate 441 is connected to the switching drive mechanism 5, which is composed of a servo motor, a lead screw 521, a lead nut 522, and a transverse guide rail 54.

[0076] During equipment operation, the planetary carrier to be assembled is first placed on the workpiece support mechanism 3 and positioned. The control unit calls the corresponding press head according to the current process. When planetary gear shaft press-fitting is required, the control unit controls the switching drive mechanism 5 to operate, the servo motor drives the lead screw 521 to rotate, and the lead screw nut 522 drives the lifting positioning plate 441, the lifting mechanism 44, and the mounting carrier 42 to move along the transverse guide rail 54, so that the first press head moves directly below the press-fitting execution end 21. After the position detection mechanism detects that the first press head has reached the preset position, it sends a positioning signal back to the control unit.

[0077] Subsequently, the lifting cylinder 443 drives the mounting carrier 42 to move downwards along the lifting guide rail 442, causing the first pressing head to enter the working position. The servo press drives the pressing execution end 21 to press down, and the first pressing head contacts the planetary gear shaft and applies pressing force, pressing the planetary gear shaft into the corresponding mounting hole. During the pressing process, if there is a slight assembly deviation, the guide rod 411 moves axially relative to the first limiting boss 412, and the second limiting boss 413 compresses the spring 414, thereby causing the pressing head to generate a certain range of elastic compensation, reducing the impact of local off-center load on the pressing quality. After the pressing is completed, the servo press resets, and the lifting cylinder 443 drives the mounting carrier 42 back to the avoidance position.

[0078] After the planetary gear shaft is press-fitted, the end cap needs to be press-fitted. The control unit switches to the second press head according to the preset process. The switching drive mechanism 5 drives the mounting carrier 42 to move along the transverse guide rail 54 again, so that the second press head moves to the corresponding position of the press-fitting execution end 21. After the position detection mechanism confirms that the second press head is in place, the lifting mechanism 44 drives the second press head to descend to the working position, and the servo press drives the second press head to press the end cap onto the planetary carrier assembly. After the end cap press-fitting is completed, the second press head returns to the clearance position.

[0079] The bearing press-fitting process then commences. The control unit controls the switching drive mechanism 5 to switch the third press head to the press-fitting position, and the position detection mechanism confirms that the position is correct. After the lifting mechanism 44 drives the third press head into the working position, the servo press drives the third press head to press the bearing into the end cover. After the press-fitting is completed, the third press head returns to the clearance position, and the mounting carrier 42 remains in standby mode.

[0080] Throughout the pressing process, multiple pressing heads are always mounted on the same mounting carrier 42, eliminating the need for manual disassembly and replacement. The control unit controls the coordinated operation of the switching drive mechanism 5, the lifting mechanism 44, and the pressing mechanism 2 according to a preset process sequence, enabling the pressing of shaft parts, end caps, and bearings to be completed continuously on the same equipment. By combining automatic pressing head switching with pressing head floating compensation, the efficiency of pressing head switching is ensured while improving the positional consistency between different pressing processes and reducing the impact of assembly deviations on pressing quality.

[0081] In some embodiments, the mounting carrier 42 has only two mounting positions 423. One mounting position 423 is used to mount a press head for planetary gear shaft press-fitting, and the other mounting position 423 is used to mount a press head for end cap press-fitting. After the aforementioned press-fitting process is completed, the press head used for planetary gear shaft press-fitting or end cap press-fitting can be removed and replaced with a press head used for bearing press-fitting to complete the subsequent assembly process of the planetary carrier assembly. Thus, while reducing the number of mounting positions 423, it is still possible to cover various press-fitting requirements in the planetary carrier assembly assembly process.

[0082] The foregoing description and accompanying drawings fully illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may include structural and other changes. The embodiments represent only possible variations. Individual components and functions are optional unless explicitly required, and the order of operation may vary. Parts and features of some embodiments may be included or substituted for parts and features of other embodiments. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes may be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims, and the foregoing embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting.

Claims

1. An automatic pressing device with a pressure head switching function, characterized in that, include: frame; A pressing mechanism is mounted on the frame and has a pressing execution end that moves along the pressing direction; A workpiece support mechanism, located below the pressing mechanism, is used to support the workpiece to be pressed. A pressure head assembly is disposed between the pressing execution end and the workpiece support mechanism, and the pressure head assembly includes multiple pressure heads suitable for different pressing processes; A switching drive mechanism is connected to the pressure head assembly for driving the pressure head assembly to switch so that the target pressure head among the multiple pressure heads corresponds to the pressing execution end; The pressure head assembly also includes a lifting mechanism, which is used to drive the target pressure head to switch between a working position and an avoidance position.

2. The automatic pressing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple pressure heads are mounted on the same mounting carrier, and the switching drive mechanism drives the mounting carrier to move in order to achieve switching between the multiple pressure heads.

3. The automatic pressing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting carrier is L-shaped and includes a connected vertical arm and a horizontal arm. The vertical arm is configured for fixed installation, and the horizontal arm is used to install the pressure head. The cross arm is provided with at least two mounting positions, which are used to install the corresponding pressure head.

4. The automatic pressing equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mounting position is a mounting groove provided on the cross arm, and the pressure head is embedded in the corresponding mounting groove. The pressure head is detachably connected to the cross arm by fasteners.

5. The automatic pressing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressure head includes: The guide rod is movably inserted through the mounting carrier; The first limiting boss is sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide rod and slides in cooperation with the guide rod. The first limiting boss overlaps the mounting carrier. The second limiting boss is fixedly mounted on the guide rod and located on the side of the first limiting boss away from the mounting carrier; A spring is sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide rod and located between the first limiting boss and the second limiting boss; When the pressure head is pressed, the guide rod moves relative to the first limiting boss, and the second limiting boss compresses the spring so that the spring undergoes elastic deformation under pressure.

6. The automatic pressing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lifting mechanism includes: The lifting and positioning plate is connected to the switching drive mechanism via a transmission. A lifting guide rail is mounted on the lifting positioning plate and is slidably connected to the mounting carrier; The lifting cylinder includes a cylinder body and a piston rod. The cylinder body is fixedly mounted on the lifting positioning plate, and the piston rod is connected to the mounting carrier to drive the mounting carrier to reciprocate along the lifting guide rail.

7. The automatic pressing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching drive mechanism includes a drive component and a transmission assembly. The transmission assembly is connected to the lifting positioning plate of the lifting mechanism. The drive component drives the lifting positioning plate to move through the transmission assembly, thereby causing the pressure head to switch.

8. The automatic pressing equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The driving component is a servo motor, and the transmission assembly includes a lead screw and a nut threadedly engaged with the lead screw. The lead screw is connected to the output end of the servo motor. The switching drive mechanism further includes: Mounting plate, disposed on the rack; A transverse guide rail is provided on the mounting plate, and the extension direction of the transverse guide rail is the same as the axial direction of the lead screw; The lifting positioning plate is connected to the nut and slides with the transverse guide rail. The servo motor drives the lead screw to rotate, thereby moving the lead screw nut, lifting positioning plate and mounting carrier along the transverse guide rail to achieve the switching of the pressure head.

9. The automatic pressing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A position detection mechanism, installed on the frame, is used to detect whether the target pressure head has switched to a preset position.

10. The automatic pressing equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that, The position detection mechanism includes at least one of a proximity switch, a photoelectric sensor, or an encoder.

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