A walking center type turning-milling-grinding composite numerical control machine tool

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of walking heart formula turning and milling and grinding composite numerical control machine tools, including clamping main shaft, synchronous guide sleeve, moving mechanism and grinding assembly, clamping main shaft moves along Z axis, synchronous guide sleeve is coaxially arranged with clamping main shaft and is synchronously rotated with clamping main shaft, grinding assembly is set on moving mechanism, grinding assembly includes electric spindle seat and grinding electric spindle installed on electric spindle seat, the output end of grinding electric spindle is installed with grinding main body, moving mechanism moves along X axis and / or Y axis, and grinding main body is driven to grind the part that is simultaneously arranged in clamping main shaft and synchronous guide sleeve.In the cooperation of clamping main shaft, synchronous guide sleeve, moving mechanism and grinding assembly, clamping main shaft, synchronous guide sleeve and moving mechanism guarantee the precision movement of part, grinding assembly can further process high-hardness part or brittle part, and process the part of 0.01mm diameter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, specifically to a sliding headstock CNC turning, milling and grinding composite machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] Existing Swiss-type headstock machine tools are developed based on CNC lathes. As is well known, due to the limitations of conventional cutting tools such as lathe and milling cutters, the smaller the diameter of a part, the more difficult it is to machine. Ordinary Swiss-type headstock machines cannot reliably machine parts with diameters less than 0.5mm; small-diameter parts must be machined on specialized machines. Furthermore, conventional Swiss-type headstock machines cannot machine high-hardness alloys, as well as brittle materials such as precision ceramics, optical glass, and optical gemstones, thus requiring improvements. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a sliding headstock turning, milling and grinding composite CNC machine tool, which can greatly improve the machine tool's ability to process micro shafts by adding grinding function, and can process micro parts with a diameter of 0.01mm, while ensuring that the surface of the processed parts has good smoothness.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0005] A sliding headstock CNC milling and turning machine tool includes a clamping spindle, a synchronous guide sleeve, a moving mechanism, and a grinding assembly. The clamping spindle moves along the Z-axis. The synchronous guide sleeve is coaxially arranged with the clamping spindle and rotates synchronously with it. The grinding assembly is mounted on the moving mechanism and includes an electric spindle seat and a grinding electric spindle mounted on the electric spindle seat. A grinding body is mounted on the output end of the grinding electric spindle. The moving mechanism moves along the X-axis and / or Y-axis and drives the grinding body to grind the parts simultaneously arranged on the clamping spindle and the synchronous guide sleeve.

[0006] Furthermore, the sliding headstock turning-milling-grinding composite CNC machine tool also includes a double-belt synchronization assembly, which includes a drive shaft, two synchronous pulleys, two transmission pulleys, and two synchronous belts. The two synchronous pulleys are respectively mounted on the clamping spindle and the synchronous guide sleeve, and the two transmission pulleys are mounted on the drive shaft. One synchronous pulley and one transmission pulley are connected by a synchronous belt.

[0007] Furthermore, the sliding headstock milling and grinding composite CNC machine tool also includes a sleeve, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the clamping spindle and the synchronous guide sleeve.

[0008] Furthermore, the sleeve is a splined sleeve.

[0009] Furthermore, the grinding body is a grinding wheel or an internal grinding rod.

[0010] Furthermore, the electric spindle housing is equipped with a rotary motor, and the output end of the rotary motor is connected to the grinding electric spindle.

[0011] Furthermore, the sliding headstock milling and turning CNC machine tool also includes a dressing mechanism, which is located on the moving path of the grinding body. The dressing mechanism includes a detection head and a dressing body. The detection head is used at least to acquire the position information of the grinding body, and the dressing body is used at least to perform dressing operations on the grinding body according to the position information of the grinding body.

[0012] Furthermore, the dressing body includes a dressing tool and / or a dressing wheel.

[0013] Furthermore, the moving mechanism is fixedly equipped with a cutting tool assembly.

[0014] Furthermore, the moving mechanism is fixedly equipped with a power head, and the power head is equipped with a milling and drilling tool.

[0015] Furthermore, the number of the moving mechanisms is at least two, and each moving mechanism is provided with at least one grinding component. One moving mechanism drives the corresponding grinding component to perform rough machining on the part, and the other moving mechanism drives the corresponding grinding component to perform finish machining on the part.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0017] First, a grinding assembly including a grinding wheel and an internal grinding bar has been added to the existing Swiss-type CNC machine tool, thereby increasing the grinding function of the Swiss-type CNC machine tool and greatly improving its ability to process micro shafts. It can process tiny parts with a diameter of 0.01mm and ensure that the surface of the processed parts has a good finish.

[0018] Second, a single clamping operation can process multiple processes of high-hardness alloy materials, tungsten steel, and hard and brittle ceramic materials, significantly improving the machining capabilities and efficiency of the Swiss-type CNC machine tool.

[0019] Third, it is equipped with a detection head and a dressing body, which can dress the grinding body when wear occurs. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Partial structural diagram;

[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of another alternative implementation;

[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the intermediate grinding assembly.

[0024] Figure Labels

[0025] 1. Clamping spindle; 2. Synchronous guide sleeve; 3. Moving mechanism; 301. Second slide rail assembly; 302. Third slide rail assembly; 303. Transverse slide plate; 304. Vertical slide plate; 4. Grinding assembly; 41. Electric spindle seat; 42. Grinding electric spindle; 43. Grinding body; 44. Rotary motor; 5. Lathe tool assembly; 6. Power head; 7. Double belt synchronous assembly; 71. Drive shaft; 72. Synchronous pulley; 73. Drive pulley; 74. Synchronous belt; 8. Sleeve; 9. Dressing mechanism; 91. Detection head; 92. Dressing body; 10. Bed; 1011. First slide rail assembly; 11. Gantry frame. Detailed Implementation

[0026] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "top surface", "bottom surface", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the position or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0027] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features. Thus, the use of "first" and "second" to define a feature may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In this description of the utility model, "a number" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0028] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "assembly," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can also refer to a mechanical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or a connection through an intermediate medium; or they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] In this embodiment, "interface" refers to the boundary line or contact surface between two different materials or media.

[0030] The utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following description is merely exemplary and does not limit the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0031] Please refer to Figures 1-4 This utility model discloses a sliding headstock milling and grinding composite CNC machine tool, including a clamping spindle 1, a synchronous guide sleeve 2, a moving mechanism 3, and a grinding assembly 4. The clamping spindle 1 moves along the Z-axis. The synchronous guide sleeve 2 is coaxially arranged with the clamping spindle 1 and rotates synchronously with the clamping spindle 1. Therefore, the synchronous guide sleeve 2 and the clamping spindle 1 have no relative rotational motion, which is equivalent to the synchronous guide sleeve 2 and the clamping spindle 1 being relatively stationary. This makes the synchronous guide sleeve 2 act like a moving bearing, only responsible for providing radial support, without hindering the rotation and feed of the part. At the same time, it also provides support near the grinding assembly 4, reducing the "overhang" of the part to almost zero, thereby achieving ultra-high rigidity and enabling stable and deep grinding operations. The grinding assembly 4 is mounted on the moving mechanism 3. The grinding assembly 4 includes an electric spindle seat 41 and a grinding electric spindle 42 mounted on the electric spindle seat 41. The output end of the grinding electric spindle 42 is equipped with a grinding body 43. The moving mechanism 3 moves along the X-axis and / or Y-axis and drives the grinding body 43 to grind the parts that are simultaneously mounted on the clamping spindle 1 and the synchronous guide sleeve 2.

[0032] In an optional embodiment, the moving mechanism 3 is fixedly equipped with a cutting tool assembly 5. The part is clamped on the clamping spindle 1 and the synchronous guide sleeve 2 and rotates at high speed, providing the main cutting motion. Under the action of the moving mechanism 3, the cutting tool assembly 5 moves precisely in a straight line or curve along a pre-set path in the X and Y axes. When the rotating part contacts the fixed, sharp cutting tool assembly 5, the surface material is continuously peeled off in the form of "chips". The moving mechanism 3 is also fixedly equipped with a power head 6, which is equipped with a milling and drilling tool. The milling and drilling tool includes a milling cutter, which rotates at high speed under the action of the power head 6. The milling cutter has multiple cutting edges on its circumference or end face that cut the workpiece sequentially and intermittently, thereby removing the surface material. The milling and drilling tool also includes a drill bit, the cutting edge of which squeezes and shears the workpiece material.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4Specifically, in an optional embodiment, the grinding body 43 is a grinding wheel. This is because both the turning tool assembly 5 and the milling / drilling tool remove material from the workpiece through plastic compression and shearing with sharp cutting edges. This means that if a part with a diameter less than 0.5 mm is to be turned, the tip radius of the turning tool assembly 5 and the milling / drilling tool must be even smaller. Such tiny tips are very prone to chipping under cutting forces. Furthermore, parts smaller than 0.5 mm have poor rigidity. Even with small feeds, the shearing cutting of the turning tool assembly 5 and the milling / drilling tool generates relatively large radial and tangential forces, which can easily cause bending and vibration in slender shaft-like parts. In contrast, the grinding wheel is composed of countless tiny, sharp abrasive grains bonded together with a binder. Each grain has a very small depth of cut, thus dispersing the total cutting force acting on the workpiece into countless tiny forces. The overall radial and cutting forces are much smaller than those of the turning tool assembly 5 and the milling / drilling tool, preventing bending of slender parts and deformation of the tool itself. Secondly, as a single unit, the grinding wheel can be made large enough in size and strength to maintain stability, while its cutting action is subtle. It doesn't suffer from the chipping issues that plague lathe tool assembly 5 and milling / drilling tools. Furthermore, for high-hardness alloys, conventional lathe tool assembly 5 and milling / drilling tools, with their lower hardness than the workpiece material, would wear down and chip rapidly in direct hard contact, rendering them ineffective. Grinding wheels, however, can be made with hard abrasives such as cubic boron nitride and diamond, easily removing the surface material from the workpiece. For brittle materials like precision ceramics, optical glass, and optical gemstones, the stress from lathe tool assembly 5 and milling / drilling tools causes the material to fracture brittlely, resulting in cracks and pits, preventing a smooth surface. However, grinding wheels can precisely control the grinding depth and feed rate, keeping the cutting force within an extremely small range, thus machining parts as small as 0.01 mm. When the depth of cut of a single abrasive grain is very small, it can induce plastic flow within the material rather than causing macroscopic cracks, resulting in a smooth surface.

[0034] In other words, throughout the entire process, the clamping spindle 1, the synchronous guide sleeve 2, and the moving mechanism 3 provide a precise and stable machining platform. The turning tool assembly 5 and the milling and drilling tools quickly remove most of the excess material when the part has good rigidity. When the part is machined to a fine size, the grinding wheel provides a very small cutting force, thereby finely grinding the part to a final size of 0.01mm and achieving extremely high surface finish and dimensional accuracy.

[0035] In some embodiments, the grinding body 43 is an internal grinding rod (not shown), which, like a grinding wheel, is a multi-bladed cutting tool made of high-hardness abrasive and bonding agent. However, the internal grinding rod is mainly used for grinding deep holes or complex internal cavities with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm.

[0036] Of course, in some other embodiments, there are at least two electric spindle seats 41 and grinding electric spindles 42, one of which is equipped with a grinding wheel for external cylindrical grinding, and the other is equipped with an internal cylindrical grinding bar for internal hole grinding.

[0037] In an optional embodiment, the electric spindle housing 41 is equipped with a rotary motor 44, the output of which is connected to the grinding electric spindle 42 and drives the grinding electric spindle 42, together with the grinding body 43 (grinding wheel or internal grinding bar), to rotate about the X-axis. The rotary motor 44 serves two purposes: firstly, it provides the abrasive grains that make the grinding wheel or internal grinding bar with a cutting speed relative to the workpiece, thereby cutting off fine chips; secondly, it cooperates with the moving mechanism 3 to determine the movement trajectory of the grinding body 43 relative to the workpiece, thereby controlling the shape, size, and position of the machined surface.

[0038] In an optional embodiment, there is one moving mechanism 3, which drives the grinding assembly 4, the turning tool assembly 5 and the milling and drilling tool to a designated position to process the part.

[0039] In another optional embodiment (not shown), there are at least two moving mechanisms 3, each equipped with at least one of the aforementioned grinding components 4. One moving mechanism 3 drives a set of grinding components 4, turning tool components 5, and milling / drilling tools to a designated position to perform rough machining on the part, i.e., quickly and efficiently removing excess material from the part within a unit of time. The other moving mechanism 3 drives another set of grinding components 4, turning tool components 5, and milling / drilling tools to a designated position to perform finish machining on the part, i.e., obtaining the final required precise dimensions, geometry, and high surface finish of the part. Specifically, the roughing and finishing of the part can be achieved in two ways: First, the two moving mechanisms 3 can move at different strokes, resulting in different degrees of machining on the part by the grinding components 4, turning tool components 5, and milling / drilling tools. Second, the degree of machining can be different by adjusting the parameters of the grinding components 4, turning tool components 5, and milling / drilling tools on the two moving mechanisms 3. For example, the grinding wheels respectively mounted on the two moving mechanisms 3 can be made of different abrasives or have different grit sizes. This is a replacement of conventional technical means in this field, and is not limited here.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 2In an optional embodiment, the sliding headstock milling and turning CNC machine tool further includes a double-belt synchronization assembly 7. The double-belt synchronization assembly 7 includes a drive shaft 71, two synchronous pulleys 72, two transmission pulleys 73, and two synchronization belts 74. The two synchronous pulleys 72 are respectively mounted on the clamping spindle 1 and the synchronization guide sleeve 2, spaced at a predetermined distance. The two transmission pulleys 73 are mounted on the drive shaft 71. One synchronous pulley 72 and one transmission pulley 73 are connected by a synchronization belt 74. When the clamping spindle 1 rotates, under the action of the synchronous pulleys 72 and the synchronization belts 74, the rotational speed and direction of the synchronization guide sleeve 2 and the clamping spindle 1 are consistent. Therefore, when the part passes through the synchronization guide sleeve 2, its rotational centerline is defined by both the synchronization guide sleeve 2 and the clamping spindle 1, causing the part, the synchronization guide sleeve 2, and the clamping spindle 1 to rotate concentrically. Throughout the process, the synchronization guide sleeve 2 always supports and guides the part. Since the synchronous guide sleeve 2 and the clamping spindle 1 rotate synchronously, it also provides a vibration-free rigid environment for the parts when machining on the back side (i.e., the side closer to the grinding body 43).

[0041] Please refer to Figure 3 In another optional embodiment, the sliding headstock milling and turning CNC machine tool further includes a sleeve 8, with its two ends connected to the clamping spindle 1 and the synchronization guide sleeve 2, respectively. The sleeve 8 replaces the flexible double-belt synchronization assembly 7 with a rigid mechanical connection. This rigid mechanical connection improves efficiency. Specifically, in this embodiment, the sleeve 8 is a splined sleeve with extremely small meshing clearance. This ensures an absolute, slip-free synchronization between the clamping spindle 1 and the synchronization guide sleeve 2, thereby improving transmission accuracy.

[0042] In another optional embodiment, the sliding headstock milling and grinding composite CNC machine tool does not have a double belt synchronization assembly 7 and a sleeve 8. Instead, it adopts a third synchronous drive method for the clamping spindle 1 and the synchronous guide sleeve 2. That is, the workpiece is directly clamped by the clamping spindle 1 and rotated by the workpiece, which in turn drives the synchronous guide sleeve 2 to rotate.

[0043] In an optional embodiment, the sliding headstock milling and turning CNC machine tool further includes a dressing mechanism 9, located on the movement path of the grinding body 43. The dressing mechanism 9 includes a detection head 91 and a dressing body 92. The detection head 91 is used at least to acquire the position information of the grinding body 43. Specifically, the detection head 91 is fixedly set at a predetermined position. When the grinding body 43 reaches the position of the detection head 91 under the drive of the moving mechanism 3, the detection head 91 receives the position information of the grinding body 43. The dressing body 92 is used at least to perform dressing operations on the grinding body 43 according to the position information of the grinding body 43. Specifically, the dressing body 92, on the one hand, dresses the grinding body 43, which has become out of round or deformed due to long-term use, back to the correct shape. On the other hand, the surface of the grinding body 43 becomes smooth due to chip blockage during grinding, and loses its cutting force over time. The dressing body 92 can remove the blockage layer on the surface of the grinding body 43, exposing new, sharp abrasive grains, thereby restoring its grinding performance. Specifically, the dressing body 92 includes either a dresser or a dressing wheel, or it can include both a dresser and a dressing wheel. Simultaneously using a dresser and a dressing wheel allows for the production of a grinding body 43 with extremely high dimensional accuracy and precise contour shape, while also shortening the overall dressing time while ensuring dressing quality.

[0044] In an optional embodiment, the sliding headstock milling and turning CNC machine tool further includes a bed 10 and a gantry 11. The gantry 11 is vertically mounted on the surface of the bed 10 and divides the bed 10 into front and rear working areas. A first slide rail assembly 1011 is provided in the front working area. The first slide rail assembly 1011 includes a cooperating slide rail and a slider. The slide rail of the first slide rail assembly 1011 extends along the Z-axis direction. The clamping spindle 1 is mounted on the slider of the first slide rail assembly 1011. Each moving mechanism 3 includes a second slide rail assembly 301, a third slide rail assembly 302, a transverse slide plate 303, and a vertical slide plate 304. The second slide rail assembly 301 is mounted on a surface of the gantry 11 near the rear working area. The second slide rail assembly 301 includes a cooperating slide rail and a slider. The slide rail of the second slide rail assembly 301 extends along the X-axis direction. A surface of the transverse slide plate 303 is mounted on the slider of the second slide rail assembly 301. The third slide rail assembly 302 is disposed on the other surface of the transverse slide plate 303. The third slide rail assembly 302 includes a slide rail and a slider that cooperate with each other. The slide rail of the third slide rail assembly 302 extends along the Y-axis direction. One surface of the vertical slide plate 304 is disposed on the slider of the third slide rail assembly 302.

[0045] Specifically, the synchronous guide sleeve 2 is movably installed in the gantry frame 11, the grinding assembly 4, the cutting tool assembly 5 and the power head 6 are respectively installed on the other surface of the vertical slide plate 304, and the dressing mechanism 9 is installed in the rear working area.

[0046] In another optional embodiment, the positions of the second slide rail assembly 301 and the third slide rail assembly 302 can be interchanged. That is, the third slide rail assembly 302 is disposed on a surface of the gantry 11 near the rear working area, and the slide rail of the third slide rail assembly 302 extends along the Y-axis direction. One surface of the vertical slide plate 304 is disposed on the slider of the third slide rail assembly 302. The second slide rail assembly 301 is disposed on the other surface of the vertical slide plate 304, and the slide rail of the second slide rail assembly 301 extends along the X-axis direction. One surface of the transverse slide plate 303 is disposed on the slider of the second slide rail assembly 301, and the grinding assembly 4, the cutting tool assembly 5, and the power head 6 are respectively disposed on the other surface of the transverse slide plate 303. This embodiment, compared to the above embodiment, is only a simple change in the position of the second slide rail assembly 301 and the third slide rail assembly 302, and is a structure that can be foreseen by those skilled in the art, therefore no drawings are provided.

[0047] The above description is a further detailed explanation of the present utility model in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments. It should not be considered that the specific implementation of the present utility model is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present utility model, and all such deductions or substitutions should be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A sliding headstock CNC turning, milling, and grinding composite machine tool, characterized in that, include: The assembly includes a clamping spindle, a synchronous guide sleeve, a moving mechanism, and a grinding assembly. The clamping spindle moves along the Z-axis. The synchronous guide sleeve is coaxially arranged with the clamping spindle and rotates synchronously with it. The grinding assembly is mounted on the moving mechanism and includes an electric spindle seat and a grinding electric spindle mounted on the electric spindle seat. A grinding body is mounted on the output end of the grinding electric spindle. The moving mechanism moves along the X-axis and / or Y-axis and drives the grinding body to grind the parts simultaneously arranged on the clamping spindle and the synchronous guide sleeve.

2. The sliding headstock milling and grinding composite CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a dual-belt synchronization assembly, which includes a drive shaft, two synchronous pulleys, two drive wheels, and two synchronous belts. The two synchronous pulleys are respectively mounted on the clamping spindle and the synchronous guide sleeve, and the two drive wheels are mounted on the drive shaft. One synchronous pulley and one drive wheel are connected by a synchronous belt.

3. The sliding headstock milling and grinding composite CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a sleeve, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the clamping spindle and the synchronous guide sleeve.

4. The sliding headstock turning, milling, and grinding composite CNC machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sleeve is a splined sleeve.

5. The sliding headstock turning, milling, and grinding composite CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding body is a grinding wheel or an internal grinding rod.

6. The sliding headstock turning, milling, and grinding composite CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric spindle housing is equipped with a rotary motor, and the output end of the rotary motor is connected to the grinding electric spindle.

7. The sliding headstock turning, milling, and grinding composite CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a dressing mechanism located on the movement path of the grinding body. The dressing mechanism includes a detection head and a dressing body. The detection head is used at least to obtain the position information of the grinding body, and the dressing body is used at least to perform dressing operations on the grinding body according to the position information of the grinding body.

8. The sliding headstock milling and grinding composite CNC machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The dressing body includes a dressing tool and / or a dressing wheel.

9. The sliding headstock milling and grinding composite CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving mechanism is fixedly equipped with a cutting tool assembly.

10. The sliding headstock milling and grinding composite CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving mechanism is fixedly equipped with a power head, and the power head is equipped with a milling and drilling tool.

11. The sliding headstock milling and grinding composite CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the moving mechanisms is at least two, and each moving mechanism is provided with at least one grinding component. One moving mechanism drives the corresponding grinding component to perform rough machining on the part, and the other moving mechanism drives the corresponding grinding component to perform finish machining on the part.

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