A follow-up machining device and a machining apparatus

Abstract

The utility model discloses a follow -up processing device and machining equipment relates to lathe processing technical field, including two cutter head processing subassembly, two cutter head processing subassembly are connected through first connecting rod and are along first connecting rod interval arrangement, one cutter head processing subassembly with first connecting rod direct or indirect sliding connection, make cutter head processing subassembly can move along first connecting rod. Drive mechanism drives first cutter head processing subassembly to feed to the direction of the workpiece to be processed, under the driving of first connecting rod, second cutter head processing subassembly follows and feeds, and first cutter head processing subassembly completes the rough machining or semi -finishing of the workpiece to be processed, and second cutter head processing subassembly completes the semi -finishing or finishing of the workpiece to be processed. The follow -up processing device can realize the effect that the synchronism between cutter heads is good, machining precision is high and manufacturing cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machine tool processing technology, and in particular to a follow-up processing device and machining equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the manufacturing industry, the requirements for machining accuracy and efficiency are increasing. Especially in the machining of complex workpieces such as shafts and irregular cylindrical surfaces, traditional turning devices often struggle to meet the demands for high precision and efficiency. Therefore, developing novel follow-up machining devices to improve machining accuracy and efficiency has become an important research direction in the field of machining.

[0003] Existing follower machining methods, such as the double-tool double-cutting lathe disclosed in patent document CN113020632A, involve an active tool mechanism and a driven tool mechanism housed in the active and driven cavities, respectively. Both the active and driven tool mechanisms contain cutting tools, which are connected by a rack and pinion transmission to achieve synchronous movement, ensuring both tools reach the same cutting depth and simultaneously cut the workpiece. Power transmission between the two tool mechanisms is achieved through a precisely designed three-stage linkage mechanism of rack and pinion: the rack meshes with the initial gear, then the gears mesh with each other, and finally the gears drive the rack to complete the action. However, this complex meshing chain inevitably introduces backlash and minor errors. These errors gradually accumulate during the three-stage transmission process, ultimately significantly affecting the motion accuracy of the driven tool mechanism and thus adversely impacting the precision of the machined workpiece. In addition, the gear and rack transmission structure in the existing follow-up processing method is complex, which not only increases the technical difficulty and cost of manufacturing, but may also face higher maintenance challenges in the long term due to the complexity of the structure, thus affecting the overall reliability and stability. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems of existing follow-up machining methods, such as the impact on machining accuracy, high manufacturing cost, and complex structure caused by gear and rack transmission between two cutting heads. This invention proposes and designs a follow-up machining device and machining equipment that can achieve good synchronization between cutting heads, high machining accuracy, and low manufacturing cost.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution: This utility model provides a follow-up machining device, including a cutting head machining assembly and a connecting rod assembly. The cutting head machining assembly includes a first cutting head machining assembly and a second cutting head machining assembly. The connecting rod assembly includes a first connecting rod. The first cutting head machining assembly is slidably mounted on a first guide rail, and a linear motion pair is provided between the first cutting head machining assembly and the first guide rail. The second cutting head machining assembly is connected to a second guide rail, and the second cutting head machining assembly is slidably connected to the second guide rail. The first cutting head machining assembly is connected to the first connecting rod, and the second cutting head machining assembly is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod. The first cutting head machining assembly can... The first cutting head assembly moves axially along the first connecting rod; when installed on a machining equipment, the first cutting head assembly and the second cutting head assembly are arranged at intervals, and a driving mechanism is connected to the first or second cutting head assembly; the distance between the first cutting head assembly and the second cutting head assembly is adjustable; the driving mechanism is used to drive the second cutting head assembly to move along the axis of the workpiece to be processed and to adjust the distance between the first cutting head assembly and the second cutting head assembly on the axis; a fourth guide rail is also installed on the machining equipment, the extension lines of the first guide rail and the second guide rail both point to the center of the processing circle of the workpiece to be processed, and the first guide rail and the second guide rail are both installed on the fourth guide rail.

[0006] In one embodiment, the first cutting head processing assembly includes a first cutting head and an adjusting block, the first cutting head being fixedly connected to the adjusting block, the adjusting block being mounted on a first connecting rod, and the adjusting block being movable along the axial direction of the first connecting rod.

[0007] In one embodiment, the second cutting head processing assembly includes a second cutting head, which is slidably directly or indirectly connected to a second guide rail.

[0008] In one embodiment, the line connecting the tip of the first cutting head to the center of the machining circle of the workpiece is L1, the line connecting the tip of the second cutting head to the center of the machining circle of the workpiece is L2, the included angle between L1 and L2 is a, and the included angle formed by the extension of L2 and the first connecting rod is b, where b = 90° - a / 2.

[0009] In one embodiment, the first cutting head processing assembly and the second cutting head processing assembly are arranged circumferentially at a distance from each other on the processing circle of the workpiece to be processed. In addition to the circumferentially at a distance from each other, the first cutting head processing assembly and the second cutting head processing assembly are also arranged axially at a distance from each other on the processing circle of the workpiece to be processed.

[0010] In one embodiment, a second connecting rod is connected to the first connecting rod, and a third cutting head processing assembly is connected to the second connecting rod. The third cutting head processing assembly includes a third cutting head, which is mounted on a third guide rail and slides along the third guide rail. The first, second, and third guide rails are all mounted on a fourth guide rail, and the extension line of the third guide rail also points to the center of the processing circle of the workpiece to be processed. The mounting surfaces of the three guide rails are coplanar.

[0011] In one embodiment, the line connecting the tip of the third cutter head and the machining center of the workpiece is L3, the angle between L3 and L2 is m, and the angle formed by the intersection of the extension of L2 and the second connecting rod is n, where n = 90° - m / 2.

[0012] In one embodiment, the driving mechanism includes a servo motor and a lead screw. The servo motor is fixed on the machining equipment, and the lead screw is fixedly connected to the second cutting head assembly. The driving mechanism is used to drive the second cutting head assembly to move along the fourth guide rail and adjust the distance between the first cutting head and the second cutting head on the axis. The fourth guide rail is fastened to the machining equipment by screws, and limit positions are provided on both sides of the fourth guide rail.

[0013] In one embodiment, the servo motor is a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder, or a servo linear motor, and the lead screw is a hydraulic rod, an air cylinder rod, or a screw.

[0014] This utility model also provides a machining equipment, including the above-mentioned follow-up machining device, and a machine bed. The machine bed is provided with a spindle for driving the workpiece to be processed to rotate. The follow-up machining device is installed on the machine bed. The first cutting head machining assembly and the second cutting head machining assembly are arranged at intervals along a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the spindle.

[0015] The present invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects compared to the prior art: This utility model discloses a follow-up machining device and machining equipment, comprising two tool head machining assemblies connected by a first connecting rod and arranged at intervals along the first connecting rod. One of the tool head machining assemblies is directly or indirectly slidably connected to the first connecting rod, enabling it to move along the first connecting rod. A drive mechanism drives the first tool head machining assembly to feed towards the workpiece. Under the drive of the first connecting rod, the second tool head machining assembly follows. The first tool head machining assembly completes roughing or semi-finishing of the workpiece, while the second tool head machining assembly completes semi-finishing or finishing of the workpiece. This follow-up machining device achieves good synchronization between the tool heads, high machining accuracy, and low manufacturing cost. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the follow-up machining device; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working structure of the follow-up machining device; Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the axial relationship between the two cutting heads for machining method one; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the circumferential relationship between the two cutting heads in processing method one; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure for processing method three; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a three-cutting head setup for a follow-up machining device; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a follow-up machining device used for machining internal holes; In the diagram, 1. First cutter head; 2. First connecting rod; 3. First guide rail; 4. Adjusting block; 5. Second cutter head; 6. Second guide rail; 7. Third cutter head; 8. Second connecting rod; 9. Third guide rail; 10. Fourth guide rail; 11. Servo motor; 12. Lead screw; 13. Connecting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0019] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems of existing follow-up machining methods, such as the impact on machining accuracy, high manufacturing cost, and complex structure caused by gear and rack transmission between two cutting heads. This invention proposes and designs a follow-up machining device and machining equipment that can achieve good synchronization between cutting heads, high machining accuracy, and low manufacturing cost.

[0020] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Example 1 like Figures 1-6 As shown, this embodiment provides a follow-up machining device, including a first guide rail 3. A first cutting head machining assembly is slidably mounted on the first guide rail 3. A linear motion pair is provided between the first cutting head machining assembly and the first guide rail 3. The linear motion pair adopts a sliding rod and linear bearing, a linear slider and slide rail, a roller-type linear motion mechanism, etc. A first connecting rod 2 is connected to the first cutting head machining assembly, and a second cutting head machining assembly is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 2. When installed on a machining equipment, the first cutting head machining assembly and the second cutting head machining assembly are arranged vertically at intervals (for example, if the workpiece is a shaft, then the vertically at intervals of the first cutting head machining assembly and the second cutting head machining assembly refer to the circumferential intervals along the shaft workpiece). A driving mechanism is connected to the first cutting head machining assembly or the second cutting head machining assembly, and the driving mechanism is preferably a servo motor. The second cutting head processing assembly is connected to a second guide rail 6, which is slidably connected to the second cutting head processing assembly to limit and guide the feeding, ensuring the stability of the feed. The first cutting head processing assembly can move along the axial direction of the first connecting rod 2, thereby adjusting the distance between the first and second cutting head processing assemblies. The drive mechanism drives the first cutting head processing assembly to feed towards the workpiece. The first cutting head processing assembly moves along the first guide rail. The drive mechanism is driven by a motor, pneumatic or hydraulic drive, etc. The overall drive mechanism is mounted on the connecting plate 13. The drive mechanism drives the first connecting rod 2 and the second cutting head processing assembly to feed towards the workpiece. During this process, the first connecting rod 2 moves relative to the first cutting head processing assembly, reducing the distance between the second and first cutting head processing assemblies, thus achieving linkage control and synchronous feeding processing.

[0022] Specifically, the first cutting head machining assembly includes a first cutting head 1 and an adjusting block 4. The first cutting head 1 and the adjusting block 4 are fixedly connected. The adjusting block 4 is mounted on the first connecting rod 2 and can move along the axial direction of the first connecting rod 2. It can be locked in its moved position to ensure that the adjusting block 4 will not move along the axial direction of the first connecting rod 2 during machining. The second cutting head machining assembly includes a second cutting head 5, which is slidably directly or indirectly connected to the second guide rail 6. To ensure that the feed rates of the first cutting head 1 and the second cutting head 5 are the same under the drive of a single driving mechanism, the line connecting the tip of the first cutting head 1 to the machining center of the workpiece is L1, and the line connecting the tip of the second cutting head 5 to the machining center of the workpiece is L2. The angle between L1 and L2 is α, and the angle formed by the intersection of the extension of L2 and the first connecting rod 2 is b, where b = 90° - α / 2.

[0023] In some embodiments, the first and second cutting head machining assemblies are arranged with a left-right gap (for example, if the workpiece is a shaft, then the first and second cutting head machining assemblies are arranged vertically with a gap, meaning they are arranged with a gap along the axial direction of the shaft). In addition to the circumferential gap arrangement, they are also arranged with an axial gap, as can be seen in [reference needed]. Figure 3 As shown, this describes the processing of workpieces to meet different requirements.

[0024] Additionally, in some implementations, the number of connecting rods and cutting head machining components can be increased, such as... Figure 6 As shown, a second link 8 is connected to the first link 2, and a third cutting head machining assembly is connected to the second link 8. The third cutting head machining assembly includes a third cutting head 7, which is mounted on a third guide rail 9 and slides along it. The line connecting the tip of the third cutting head 7 and the machining center of the workpiece is L3. The angle between L3 and L2 is m, and the angle formed by the intersection of the extension of L2 and the second link 8 is n, where n = 90° - m / 2. This enables one drive mechanism to drive three cutting heads while ensuring that the feed rate of the three cutting heads is the same. Of course, a fourth cutting head machining assembly, a fifth cutting head machining assembly, etc., can be added on this basis.

[0025] In yet another embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the servo linear motion mechanism is fixed on the machining equipment, and the linear motion actuator is fixedly connected to the second cutter head 5. The servo linear motion mechanism can be a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, or a servo motor 11. Correspondingly, the linear motion actuator is a hydraulic rod, a pneumatic rod, or a lead screw 12. The servo motor 11 drives the lead screw 12 to move, and at the same time drives the second cutter head 5 to move along the fourth guide rail 10, adjusting the distance C between the first cutter head 1 and the second cutter head 5 on the axis.

[0026] The fourth guide rail 10 is installed on the machining equipment, secured with screws, and has side limiters to prevent movement of the guide rail during machining. The first guide rail 3, second guide rail 6, and third guide rail 7 are all installed on the fourth guide rail. The extended lines of the mounting directions of the first guide rail 3, second guide rail 6, and third guide rail 7 all point to the center of the circle. The mounting surfaces of the three guide rails must be coplanar. Figure 6 As shown, the ends of the first guide rail 3, the second guide rail 6 and the third guide rail 7 are all mounted on the upper fixed surface of the L-shaped connecting plate 13. The bottom of the short side of the L-shaped connecting plate 13 is fixedly connected to the screw nut on the screw 12 to ensure smooth operation. The installation and positioning requirements are high and the system needs to be stable and reliable.

[0027] The fourth guide rail 10 is installed on the machining equipment. In order to ensure the accuracy of the first cutter head 1 and the second cutter head 5 in machining the workpiece, the installation accuracy of the fourth guide rail 10 must be consistent with the axis of the workpiece to be machined. The installation must ensure the parallelism between the fourth guide rail 10 and the workpiece to be machined. During the machining process of the two cutters, only by ensuring that the movement trajectory is consistent with the direction of the workpiece to be machined can the machining effect of the workpiece be guaranteed.

[0028] In this embodiment, a servo motor 11 is installed on the fourth guide rail 10. The lead screw 12 in the servo motor 11 must also be installed in accordance with the fourth guide rail 10 to ensure the parallelism between the lead screw 12 and the fourth guide rail 10. This ensures the feeding accuracy during movement, as well as the long-term stability of the lead screw 12 and extends its service life.

[0029] Example 2 This embodiment provides a machining equipment, including a machine bed, on which a spindle capable of driving the workpiece to rotate is mounted. A follow-up machining device as described in Specific Embodiment 1 is installed on the machine bed. A first cutting head machining assembly and a second cutting head machining assembly are arranged at intervals along a direction perpendicular to the spindle's rotation axis. In some embodiments, the first cutting head machining assembly and the second cutting head machining assembly are also arranged at intervals along the spindle's rotation axis.

[0030] The usage process of this utility model is as follows: The process parameters for the first and second cutting head machining components are set, and the tool type is selected. The positional relationship between the first and second cutting head machining components is adjusted. The drive mechanism drives the first cutting head machining component to feed towards the workpiece. Under the drive of the first connecting rod 2, the second cutting head machining component follows. The first cutting head machining component completes the roughing or semi-finishing of the workpiece, and the second cutting head machining component completes the semi-finishing or finishing of the workpiece. During the machining process of the first cutting head machining component, the second cutting head machining component simultaneously processes the workpiece. The linear speed range during semi-finishing or finishing is 20~2200m / min.

[0031] The following processing methods can be used: Method 1: The cutting heads (first cutting head 1 and second cutting head 5) of both the first and second cutting head machining assemblies are lathe tools, which perform follow-up turning machining on the workpiece. Assume that the cutting tool of the first cutting head machining assembly turns the workpiece before the cutting tool of the second cutting head machining assembly, and the distance between the two cutting tools on the axis is c, where c can be 0 to any positive number, such as... Figure 3 The radial distances of the two cutting tools from the center of rotation are unequal. The radial distance of the cutting tool in the first cutting head assembly from the center of rotation is greater than that of the cutting tool in the second cutting head assembly. Figure 4 It can achieve a large amount of cutting in one pass, greatly improving machining efficiency.

[0032] Method 2: The first cutting head assembly (first cutting head 1) is a turning tool, and the second cutting head assembly (second cutting head 5) is a scraper or dressing tool. Turning and scraping are performed simultaneously on the workpiece. Assume the turning tool of the first cutting head assembly precedes the scraper or dressing tool of the second cutting head assembly in machining the workpiece. The distance between the two cutting heads on the axis can be 0 to any positive number. The radial distance from the cutting edge of the turning tool of the first cutting head assembly to the center of rotation of the scraper or dressing tool of the second cutting head assembly is equal. Figure 2 It can perform both cutting and scraping in one operation, greatly improving the surface quality of the machined parts.

[0033] Method 3: The cutting head of the first cutting head assembly (first cutting head 1) is a turning tool, and the cutting head of the second cutting head assembly (second cutting head 5) is a hobbing tool, such as... Figure 5 The first cutting tool of the first cutting head assembly first turns the workpiece, and the second cutting head assembly's roller burnishing tool performs roller burnishing on the turned workpiece. The turning tool of the first cutting head assembly processes the workpiece before the roller burnishing tool of the second cutting head assembly. The distance between the two cutting heads on the axis is d, where d can be 0 to any positive number. This allows for simultaneous processing of two operations in one step, ensuring processing quality while improving processing efficiency.

[0034] And, such as Figure 7 As shown, this utility model can also process the inner hole of the workpiece, which is the same as the outer circle processing principle described above.

[0035] It should be noted that, Figure 3 The curved arrow on the left side of the middle Figure 4 The arrows and Figure 5 The arc-shaped arrow on the left indicates the direction of movement (i.e., the direction of rotation) of the main shaft. Figure 5 The two horizontal black arrows in the middle indicate the direction of movement of the first cutter head 1 and the second cutter head 5 relative to the spindle in the axial direction of the spindle.

[0036] This utility model uses specific examples to illustrate its principles and implementation methods. The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the idea of ​​this utility model. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A follow-up processing device, characterized in that: The assembly includes a cutting head machining component and a connecting rod assembly. The cutting head machining component includes a first cutting head machining component and a second cutting head machining component. The connecting rod assembly includes a first connecting rod. The first cutting head machining component is slidably mounted on a first guide rail, and a linear motion pair is provided between the first cutting head machining component and the first guide rail. The second cutting head machining component is connected to a second guide rail, and the second cutting head machining component is slidably connected to the second guide rail. The first cutting head machining component is connected to the first connecting rod, and the second cutting head machining component is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod. The first cutting head machining component is movable along the axial direction of the first connecting rod. The assembly is installed on a machining equipment. When in use, the first and second cutting head processing components are arranged at intervals, and a driving mechanism is connected to either the first or second cutting head processing component; the distance between the first and second cutting head processing components is adjustable; the driving mechanism is used to drive the second cutting head component to move along the axis of the workpiece to be processed and to adjust the distance between the first and second cutting head processing components on the axis; a fourth guide rail is also installed on the machining equipment, the extension lines of the first and second guide rails both point to the center of the processing circle of the workpiece to be processed, and both the first and second guide rails are mounted on the fourth guide rail.

2. The follow-up processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first cutting head processing assembly includes a first cutting head and an adjusting block. The first cutting head is fixedly connected to the adjusting block, and the adjusting block is mounted on a first connecting rod. The adjusting block can move along the axial direction of the first connecting rod.

3. The follow-up processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second cutting head processing assembly includes a second cutting head, which is slidably directly or indirectly connected to the second guide rail.

4. The follow-up processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The line connecting the tip of the first cutting head to the center of the machining circle of the workpiece is L1, and the line connecting the tip of the second cutting head to the center of the machining circle of the workpiece is L2. The included angle between L1 and L2 is a, and the included angle formed by the extension of L2 and the first connecting rod is b, where b = 90° - a / 2.

5. The follow-up processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first and second cutting head processing components are arranged circumferentially on the processing circle of the workpiece to be processed. In addition to the circumferentially spaced arrangement, the first and second cutting head processing components are also axially spaced on the processing circle of the workpiece to be processed.

6. The follow-up processing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second link is connected to the first link, and a third cutting head processing assembly is connected to the second link. The third cutting head processing assembly includes a third cutting head, which is mounted on a third guide rail and slides along the third guide rail. The first, second, and third guide rails are all mounted on a fourth guide rail, and the extension line of the third guide rail also points to the center of the processing circle of the workpiece to be processed. The mounting surfaces of the three guide rails are coplanar.

7. The follow-up processing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The line connecting the tip of the third cutter head and the center of the machining circle of the workpiece is L3. The angle between L3 and L2 is m. The angle formed by the intersection of the extension of L2 and the second connecting rod is n, where n = 90° - m / 2.

8. The follow-up processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism includes a servo motor and a lead screw. The servo motor is fixed on the machining equipment, and the lead screw is fixedly connected to the second cutting head machining assembly. The driving mechanism is used to drive the second cutting head assembly to move along the fourth guide rail and adjust the distance between the first cutting head and the second cutting head on the axis. The fourth guide rail is fastened to the machining equipment by screws, and limit positions are provided on both sides of the fourth guide rail.

9. The follow-up processing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The servo motor is a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder, or a servo linear motor, and the lead screw is a hydraulic rod, an air cylinder rod, or a screw.

10. A machining equipment, characterized in that: The follow-up machining device according to any one of claims 1-9 further includes a bed, on which a spindle for driving the workpiece to be processed is provided, the follow-up machining device is mounted on the bed, and the first cutting head machining assembly and the second cutting head machining assembly are arranged at intervals along a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the spindle.

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