Glass interior etched monument with gold plated lettering

Abstract

The application discloses a glass inner-etching three-dimensional gold-plated monument and sign, and relates to the field of monument processing. In view of the problem that the color of the traditional monument porcelain plate is easy to fall off and change, a multilayer composite structure is adopted: the glass cutting inlay porcelain plate is arranged in the middle layer, a first layer of glass back is engraved with characters and plated with gold, and then a metal plating layer is plated on the whole, three layers of glass or two layers of glass are bonded by using a PVB / EVA film through high temperature and high pressure, or a weather-resistant adhesive (silicone structural adhesive) is used to bond the stone monument, and a deep color self-adhesive copper foil is attached to the periphery of the composite glass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of monument and sign processing technology, specifically disclosing an optimized structure and manufacturing method for glass-etched three-dimensional gold-plated lettering monuments and signs. It is particularly suitable for commemorative monuments (such as monuments and tombstones) and signs that need to be placed outdoors for a long time, are weather-resistant, and UV-resistant. It solves the problems of traditional monument porcelain plates fading and peeling, weathering of monuments, and aging of adhesive layers, thereby improving the aesthetics and durability of the products. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, monuments and tombstones are mostly made of bluestone or granite. Bluestone monuments weather and peel off after about twenty years, making the lettering illegible. Granite surface layers also show weathering and peeling after about thirty years due to water seepage and ultraviolet aging. Patent application 2025106942828 discloses a monument and sign with three-dimensional gold-plated lettering etched inside glass. Because glass has stable chemical properties and a dense texture, using glass to make monuments has better resistance to weathering and ultraviolet erosion than natural stone. However, it has drawbacks such as difficulty in embedding porcelain images, instability, and the adhesive layer being susceptible to ultraviolet radiation, and the durability could be significantly improved. This invention addresses these problems by proposing a new glass monument structure, optimizing the plating process, and proposing improved solutions for edge protection. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention is an optimized glass internal etching three-dimensional gold-plated lettering monument and sign, proposing a new multi-layer composite glass monument and sign structure.

[0004] The glass interior features etched, three-dimensional, gilded lettering and signs, the structure of which is as follows: a. The structure adopts a two-layer structure of “first layer glass - bottom layer glass / stone”. The first layer glass (1) is cut with a water cutting machine to create an elliptical space (4) that matches the porcelain plate image (2), or the bottom layer is carved with an elliptical space (4) that matches the porcelain plate image. The porcelain plate image (2) is inlaid with a weather-resistant and flexible adhesive (silicone structural adhesive). The first layer glass (1) is transparent UV-resistant glass. The back (6) of the first layer glass is engraved with words and patterns. b. Using a three-layer structure of “first layer glass + middle layer glass + bottom layer glass”, the first layer glass (1) is transparent UV-resistant glass, the back of the first layer glass (6) is engraved with words and patterns, the bottom layer glass (5) is dark UV-resistant glass or stone tablet, the middle layer glass (3) is 6 mm ordinary float glass, the middle layer is cut into an elliptical space (4) that matches the porcelain plate image, and the porcelain plate image (2) is inlaid. c. The back of the first layer of glass (6) is engraved with words and patterns, or the grooves of the text or relief portraits, relief patterns, etc. are engraved by CNC engraving machine.

[0005] By adopting the above structure, the problem of inlaying porcelain plate images is effectively solved.

[0006] After engraving and designing the back of the first layer of glass (6), a metal layer is plated. After the entire glass is roughened, another metal layer or black metal layer is plated. Then, PVB / EVA film is used to bond three or two layers of glass under high temperature and pressure, or weather-resistant adhesive (silicone structural adhesive) is used to bond the stone monument. In this way, the adhesive itself is sealed in the middle of the glass, avoiding the erosion of wind, sand and rain. Because a metal layer is plated in front of the adhesive layer, it can block sunlight and ultraviolet radiation, which can greatly improve the service life of the adhesive layer.

[0007] The method for making three-dimensional gold-plated stone tablets and signs etched inside glass: chemically clean the back of the first layer of glass (6) and attach a self-adhesive film. Use a CNC laser machine or CNC machine milling cutter engraving machine to carve hollow text / patterns on the film. Sandblast (white corundum abrasive particles 80~120 mesh, pressure 0.5~0.8 MPa) to form a 0.3~1.5 mm groove. After chemically plating a metal layer inside the groove, apply outdoor grade acrylic polyester paint. After removing the film, roughen the whole and then plating another layer of metal (imitation gold, silver, nickel, black nickel, etc.).

[0008] Another method for making three-dimensional gold-plated lettering and recessed lettering on signs and plaques etched inside glass: After chemical roughening, the back of the first layer of glass (1) is coated with oil-based enamel paint. The lettering grooves and relief portraits with a depth of 0.1-2 mm are engraved using a CNC engraving machine (selecting 2-3 diamond grinding heads). The grooves are plated with a metal layer and coated with acrylic polyester paint. The paint is removed with organic solvents and the oil-based enamel paint is applied to make it expand and fall off. After cleaning, the oil is removed, acid is washed, the whole is roughened, and a metal layer is plated.

[0009] When the back of the first glass (6) is engraved with a relief portrait or laser-engraved portrait, or when a porcelain plate portrait (2) is inlaid in the first glass (1), the first glass (1) is made of medium yellow transparent UV-resistant glass. The text or pattern behind it can be plated with silver, nickel, or vacuum aluminum, and when superimposed with the medium yellow glass, it will show a similar gold effect.

[0010] The glass structure is made of two layers of glass. After the glass is softened at high temperature, an elliptical space (4) for inlaying porcelain images is pressed out in the mold to form the bottom glass (5). The glass is mixed with dark colorants and ultraviolet absorbers such as iron oxide, cobalt oxide, and nickel oxide. This method can be made by melting waste glass, which solves the problem of waste glass disposal in cities. The glass pressing process can reduce the glass grinding and polishing process, which can reduce production costs. It is especially suitable for small horizontal tombstones.

[0011] The aforementioned structure and process solve the problem of adhesive aging caused by sunlight and ultraviolet radiation on the front of the composite glass tombstone. Dark-colored self-adhesive copper foil is applied around the perimeter of the composite glass tombstone, and self-adhesive copper foil is also applied to the exposed adhesive of the embedded tombstone. This effectively prevents the adhesive from being exposed to sunlight and rain. The self-adhesive copper foil itself is very durable and protects the adhesive layer from sun and rain, so it has a long service life in the field. Even if the copper foil is damaged after many years, it is only necessary to clean the surface and apply a new layer of self-adhesive copper foil.

[0012] Medium yellow transparent UV-resistant glass can be used. It can be formed by high-temperature molding. 0.05%~0.1% vanadium pentoxide, 0.1%~0.2% titanium dioxide, and 0.6%~0.8% cerium dioxide are added to the molten glass to add coloring and UV-blocking materials. It can be used as the first layer of a multi-layered glass composite tombstone. Medium yellow UV-resistant flat glass can also be used.

[0013] The first layer of glass (1) can be made of finished metal-coated glass, and the lettering can be filled with durable paint in colors such as red and black or paint mixed with water glass.

[0014] Metal coatings on glass can be applied using chemical plating or vacuum plating. Chemical plating can use well-known formulations, one of the main formulations being a nickel-copper alloy plating solution (nickel sulfate 12-15 g / L, copper sulfate 8-10 g / L, sodium citrate 25-30 g / L, ammonium chloride 20-25 g / L, sodium hypophosphite 25-30 g / L, pH adjusted to 9.0-9.5 with ammonia, temperature 35-45 ℃). Vacuum plating, with a vacuum degree of 0.001-0.0001 Pa and an evaporation temperature of 1200~1500℃, uses a nickel-copper alloy for imitation gold plating. Vacuum plating of aluminum achieves an effect comparable to silver plating, saving the consumption of precious metal silver.

[0015] Chemical plating is a simple production method with low equipment investment, but it generates wastewater that must be treated to meet environmental protection requirements before it can be discharged. Vacuum plating equipment requires a higher investment, but it does not generate wastewater.

[0016] This invention relates to a glass-etched three-dimensional gold-plated lettering monument and sign, composed of multiple layers of glass composite, or bonded to granite monument to form a composite monument. Since the coefficient of thermal expansion of porcelain slabs is 3.0 - 6.0 × 0.000001 / ℃, ordinary soda-lime glass has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 8.5 - 9.5 × 0.000001 / ℃, and granite, due to its different texture, has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 4.5-6.5 × 0.000001 / ℃, and the monument and sign are placed outdoors, experiencing a temperature difference of 60-70°C from the lowest winter temperature to the highest summer temperature, the optimal solution is to use glass entirely as the monument material, as the coefficient of thermal expansion of the same material is consistent. If glass needs to be bonded to the monument, flexible, weather-resistant silicone adhesive should be used. Silicone adhesive has 300% elastic deformation, which can overcome the stress caused by inconsistent material deformation due to temperature. Similarly, when inlaying porcelain images on glass or stone tablets, silicone sealant should be used. If hard adhesive or cement is used, the materials may crack due to their different coefficients of thermal expansion. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Appendix Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a double-glazed, three-dimensional, gilded lettering stone tablet and sign with a ceramic plate image, attached. Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a three-layered glass, three-dimensional gilded lettering stone tablet and sign with ceramic plate image, attached. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a structure where double-layered glass three-dimensional gold-plated lettering and signs are directly laser-engraved or CNC engraved with relief portraits on the glass.

[0018] Explanation of the reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. First layer of glass; 2. Porcelain plate image; 3. Middle layer of glass; 4. Oval space; 5. Bottom layer of glass or granite monument; 6. Back of the first layer of glass. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The following embodiments meet the requirement that "they can be repeatedly implemented by those skilled in the art". The known technologies only briefly describe the main processes, and the chemical plating formula only lists a few main components. In specific implementation, the amounts can be adjusted appropriately according to the specific situation, or a suitable chemical plating solution formula can be selected. Vacuum plating only lists the main process parameters and processes.

[0020] Example 1: Granite tombstone + glass-inlaid porcelain plate portrait

[0021] Materials preparation: First layer of glass (1): 90 cm × 60 cm × 8 mm transparent UV-resistant glass. At the location where the porcelain plate image needs to be placed, use a water jet cutter to cut an elliptical space (4) slightly larger than the elliptical porcelain plate image (2) on the glass. Granite monument: 90 cm × 60 cm × 6 cm Sesame black granite, with an 8.4 cm × 10.4 cm × 5.5 mm elliptical space (4) carved on the front (with rounded edges). The elliptical shape effectively disperses stress. Underglaze porcelain plaque (2): 8 cm × 10 cm × 5 mm, oval shape; 0.1 mm polyimide self-adhesive film; Adhesives: Neutral silicone structural adhesive (balancing elasticity, strength, and weather resistance, suitable for use in situations where there is a significant difference in temperature coefficient between glass and ceramic plates), 0.38 mm UV-resistant PVB / EVA film; Coating materials: nickel sulfate 12-15 g / L, copper sulfate 8-10 g / L, sodium citrate 25-30 g / L, ammonium chloride 20-25 g / L, sodium hypophosphite 25-30 g / L, ammonia water to adjust pH to 9.0-9.5, temperature 35-45℃; Protective material around the edges: dark self-adhesive copper foil.

[0022] Processing procedure: Roughening of the back of the first layer of glass (6): Roughen the back with 5% hydrofluoric acid, rinse with tap water and dry at 80°C for 30 minutes; Positioning etching: Apply a 0.1 mm polyimide self-adhesive film, and engrave the "inscription" hollow text using a CNC engraving machine or laser machine (60 W, 12 mm / s); Groove forming: When the text groove requirement is <0.5 mm, use 13% hydrofluoric acid to etch and produce a smooth groove. After plating with a metal layer, a bright metal layer will be produced. When the text groove requirement is >0.5 mm, use a sandblasting machine to sandblast (0.4~1.5 mm deep). After plating with a metal layer, a frosted metal layer will be produced. Coating: Nickel sulfate 12-15 g / L, copper sulfate 8-10 g / L, sodium citrate 25-30 g / L, ammonium chloride 20-25 g / L, sodium hypophosphite 25-30 g / L, adjust pH to 9.0-9.5 with ammonia, temperature 35-45℃. Immerse in nickel-copper plating solution (45℃, 25 minutes) to form a 0.8 μm coating, rinse, and dry at 80℃. For the first protective coating, after drying, apply 25 μm of acrylic polyester varnish and dry at 80℃ for 45 minutes. After removing the film, rinse, perform secondary roughening and overall nickel plating: sandblast to Ra=1.5~2.0 μm, electroless nickel plating (nickel sulfate 22g / L, sodium hypophosphite 18 g / L, sodium citrate 25 g / L, ammonium chloride 25 g / L, pH 4.5, 55℃, 25 minutes) to form a 1μm coating. If a black surface is required, perform blackening treatment. Assembly and protection: Apply neutral silicone structural adhesive (considering elasticity, strength and weather resistance) to the concave surface of the granite monument (5) to fix the porcelain plate image. Apply neutral silicone structural adhesive to the granite monument (with the nickel-plated side of the processed first layer of glass (1) facing the monument) and stick it on the granite monument with appropriate pressure. Remove the overflowing silicone structural adhesive and stick self-adhesive copper foil around the composite glass monument.

[0023] See appendix Figure 1 .

[0024] Example 2: Medium yellow glass + laser-engraved portrait

[0025] Materials preparation: Molded glass: 80 cm × 60 cm × 9 mm medium yellow UV-resistant glass (0.05%~0.1% vanadium pentoxide, 0.1%~0.2% titanium dioxide, 0.6%~0.8% cerium dioxide and other colorants and UV-blocking materials are added during melting); 0.1 mm polyimide film, CNC engraving machine or laser machine (60 W, 12 mm / s) to engrave "inscription" hollow text; Adhesive: PVB film; Coating materials: chemical silver plating solution (silver nitrate 6 g / L, ammonia water to adjust pH 9.5, glucose 2.5 g / L), or chemical nickel plating solution, Nippon QB-650 acrylic polyester paint.

[0026] Processing procedure: To produce the first layer of glass (1), molten glass (1550℃, with the addition of 0.05%~0.1% vanadium pentoxide, 0.1%~0.2% titanium dioxide, 0.6%~0.8% cerium dioxide and other colorants and materials that block ultraviolet rays) is poured into an 800℃ graphite mold, pressurized at 5 MPa for 20 minutes, demolded at 600℃, and annealed at 520℃ for 2 hours; Positioning etching: Apply a 0.1 mm polyimide film; Laser engraving: CNC laser engraving of portraits (300 dpi), CNC engraving of text grooves; Plating: Electroless nickel or electroless silver plating (28 minutes, 1.2 μm thickness) is applied to the grooves of the text and the relief portrait, followed by drying with acrylic polyester varnish; After removing the film, rinse, perform secondary roughening and overall nickel plating: sandblast to Ra=1.5~2.0 μm, electroless nickel plating (electroless nickel plating (nickel sulfate 22 g / L, sodium hypophosphite 18 g / L, sodium citrate 25 g / L, ammonium chloride 25 g / L, pH 4.5, 55℃, 25 minutes) to form a 1 μm coating. If a black surface is required, perform blackening treatment. Assembly and protection: Cover the back of the first layer of glass (6) with PVB / EVA film, align it with the bottom layer of glass (5) around the edges, and heat it in an autoclave at 130 ℃ and 1.0 MPa for 45 minutes. Remove excess adhesive around the composite glass and attach self-adhesive copper foil.

[0027] See appendix Figure 3 .

[0028] Example 3: Three-layer glass + intermediate layer inlaid with ceramic plate image

[0029] Material preparation Glass: First layer glass (1) 8 mm transparent UV-resistant glass, middle layer glass (3) 6 mm float glass, bottom layer glass (5) 8 mm dark UV-resistant glass (all 80 cm × 54 cm); Porcelain plate image (2): 10 cm × 15 cm × 6 mm, oval shape; Adhesives: 0.45 mm heat-resistant PVB / EVA film, silicone structural adhesive; Oil-based enamel: Black alkyd enamel; Organic solvents: ethyl acetate, general paint thinner, etc.; Coating materials: nickel sulfate 12-15 g / L, copper sulfate 8-10 g / L, sodium citrate 25-30 g / L, ammonium chloride 20-25 g / L, sodium hypophosphite 25-30 g / L, ammonia water to adjust pH to 9.0-9.5, temperature 35-45℃; Coating material: Black nickel plating solution (nickel sulfate 12 g / L, potassium thiocyanate 6 g / L, pH 3.5, 50℃); Protective material around the edges: dark self-adhesive copper foil.

[0030] Processing procedure: After the first layer of glass (1) is roughened, black alkyd enamel is applied; after drying for 24 hours, text grooves are engraved using a CNC engraving machine. Silver plating or copper-nickel plating to imitate gold, refer to Examples 1 and 2, then apply acrylic polyester paint and dry; Paint peeling protection: Apply ethyl acetate or general paint thinner to the enamel surface, let it stand for 5 minutes to allow it to expand, then gently peel off the remaining enamel with a scraper. After rinsing with deionized water and drying, the entire coating is protected: black nickel plating (25 minutes, 1.0 μm thickness). Intermediate glass (3) cutting: CNC cutting 10.2 cm × 15.2 cm × 6 mm elliptical groove (edge ​​chamfered), applying silicone structural adhesive around the elliptical space (4) cut in the middle, and embedding the ceramic plate image (2). Bonding: Stack the first layer of glass (1) → EVA → middle layer of glass (3) → EVA → bottom layer of glass (5) in an autoclave at 125℃ and 1.1 MPa for 40 minutes; Protection around the edges: Remove any residual adhesive around the edges, clean the surface with general-purpose thinner, and apply self-adhesive dark-colored copper oxide foil. If using glossy copper foil, apply a protective varnish of the same color as the tombstone. Over time, the protective varnish will naturally peel off, at which point the glossy copper foil will also naturally oxidize and turn darker.

[0031] See appendix Figure 2

[0032] Example 4: Oil-based enamel coating for relief etching

[0033] Material preparation The first layer of glass (1), the middle layer of glass (3) and the bottom layer of glass (5) are all made of 60 cm × 40 cm × 5 mm float glass; Oil-based enamel: Black alkyd enamel; Organic solvents: ethyl acetate, general paint thinner, etc.; Coating material: Choose one or two as needed. Nickel sulfate 12-15 g / L, copper sulfate 8-10 g / L, sodium citrate 25-30 g / L, ammonium chloride 20-25 g / L, sodium hypophosphite 25-30 g / L, adjust pH to 9.0-9.5 with ammonia, temperature 35-45℃; Black nickel plating solution (nickel sulfate 12 g / L, potassium thiocyanate 6 g / L, pH 3.5, 50℃); Vacuum-plated imitation gold layer (nickel-copper alloy, 82% nickel and 18% copper).

[0034] Processing Cleaning and painting: Wipe the back of the first layer of glass with general thinner (6), and apply 60 μm of black alkyd enamel paint (dry at room temperature for 24 hours); Relief carving: CNC engraving machines with 0.8 mm conical, 2 mm bullet-shaped, or 5 mm spherical diamond grinding heads can be used to carve 0.1~1.6 mm deep relief portraits and inscriptions; Silver or copper-nickel imitation gold plating is applied to the grooves of the engraved text and relief figures, referring to Examples 1 and 2. An acrylic polyester varnish protective layer is then applied and dried. Alternatively, vacuum aluminum plating can be used, with a vacuum degree of 0.001-0.0001 Pa, an evaporation temperature of 1000-1200℃, and a holding time of 8-12 minutes. Another option is vacuum plating of nickel-copper alloys, with a vacuum degree of 0.001-0.0001 Pa, an evaporation temperature of 1200-1500℃, and a holding time of... (Duration: 8~12 min, coating thickness: 0.5~1 μm) Paint removal and protection: Apply ethyl acetate or general paint thinner to the enamel surface, let it stand for 5 minutes to allow it to expand, gently peel off the residual enamel with a scraper, rinse with deionized water and dry. Overall coating protection: black nickel plating (25 minutes, 1.0 μm thickness). Embedding and bonding: Place a 0.1 mm PVB / EVA film in the groove and place the ceramic plate image (2). Stack the layers according to "first layer glass (1) → EVA → middle layer glass (3) → EVA → bottom layer glass (5)". Keep the pressure in the autoclave at 125℃ and 1.1 MPa for 40 minutes. Protection around the edges: Remove any residual adhesive around the edges, clean the surface with general-purpose thinner, and apply self-adhesive dark-colored copper oxide foil. If it is a bright copper foil, it should be coated with a protective paint of the same color as the stone tablet.

[0035] See appendix Figure 2

[0036] Installation of glass monuments and signs

[0037] Because the coefficient of thermal expansion of glass monuments differs significantly from that of concrete, granite, and other materials, weather-resistant flexible adhesives, such as silicone sealant, should be used for bonding to these materials. For inlay installation, the inlay area should be approximately 3-6 mm larger than the maximum expansion dimension of the glass monument area to allow for sufficient expansion and contraction under various temperature conditions.

[0038] For signs that are vertically affixed to building walls, the area should not exceed 0.4 square meters. Embedded monuments or signs can be larger. It is recommended to use four 6 mm stainless steel screws at the four corners for fixing. The mounting holes for glass signs should be 2-3 mm larger than the screw diameter. When drilling, ensure that the screw is in the center of the hole on the sign. During installation, use a silicone rubber sleeve of the same diameter as a buffer inside the hole, and keep it 2-5 mm away from the wall. Fill the surrounding area with silicone sealant.

[0039] Summary of Invention Effects This invention solves three major problems of traditional tombstones through glass type adaptation, coating and protection optimization: stable inlay of the ceramic slab (preventing detachment), UV blocking of the adhesive layer (over 90% UV-B), and coating durability (positioning coating + protective paint). The product has an outdoor durability of over 50 years, and its cost is slightly higher than that of traditional granite tombstones. Due to its aesthetic appeal and durability, it is easily accepted and has industrialization value.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional gilded lettering and signage etched inside glass, characterized by: a. The structure adopts a two-layer structure of "first layer glass - bottom layer glass / stone". The first layer glass (1) is cut into an oval space (4) that matches the porcelain plate image (2), or the bottom layer is carved into an oval space (4) that matches the porcelain plate image (2) and inlaid with the porcelain plate image (2). The first layer glass (1) is transparent UV-resistant glass. The back of the first layer glass (6) is engraved with words and patterns and plated with a metal layer. b. Using a three-layer structure of "first layer glass + middle layer glass + bottom layer glass", the first layer glass (1) is transparent UV-resistant glass, the back of the first layer glass (6) is engraved with words and patterns, the bottom layer glass (5) is dark UV-resistant glass or stone tablet, the middle layer glass (3) is 6 mm ordinary glass, the middle layer glass is cut into an oval space (4) that matches the porcelain plate image, and the porcelain plate image (2) is inlaid. c. The back of the first-floor glass (6) has grooves with text or relief portraits and relief patterns.

2. The glass-etched three-dimensional gold-plated lettering stele and sign according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back of the first layer of glass (6) is engraved with words and patterns and then plated with a metal layer. The entire glass is plated with a metal layer or a black metal layer. Three layers of glass or two layers of glass are bonded together, or granite stone is bonded together.

3. The glass-etched three-dimensional gold-plated lettering stele and sign according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back of the first layer of glass after chemical roughening (6) is engraved with a groove 0.3~1.5 mm deep; the surface of the chemically plated metal layer in the groove is coated with acrylic polyester paint, and the whole is then plated with another layer of metal (imitating gold, silver, nickel, black nickel).

4. The glass-etched three-dimensional gold-plated lettering stele and sign according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back of the first layer of glass (6) is coated with oil-based enamel paint, and engraved text grooves and relief human figures 0.1~2 mm deep are made. The grooves are plated with a metal layer and coated with acrylic polyester paint. The back of the first layer of glass (6) is roughened as a whole and plated with a metal layer.

5. The glass-etched three-dimensional gold-plated lettering stele and sign according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the back of the first layer of glass (6), medium yellow transparent UV-resistant glass is used, and the text or pattern grooves behind it are plated with silver, nickel or vacuum aluminum, and superimposed with the medium yellow glass to show a similar gold effect.

6. The glass-etched three-dimensional gold-plated lettering stele and sign according to claim 1, characterized in that: The glass has a two-layer glass structure. The bottom glass (5) has an oval space (4) for inlaying porcelain images. The glass contains dark colorants and ultraviolet absorbers such as iron oxide, cobalt oxide and nickel oxide.

7. The glass-etched three-dimensional gold-plated lettering stele and sign according to claim 1, characterized in that: Dark-colored self-adhesive copper foil is applied around the perimeter of the composite glass monument, and self-adhesive copper foil is also applied to the exposed adhesive of the embedded monument.

8. The glass-etched three-dimensional gold-plated lettering stele and sign according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first layer of glass (1) is made of medium yellow transparent UV-resistant glass.

9. The glass-etched three-dimensional gold-plated lettering stele and sign according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first layer of glass (1) can be made of finished metal-coated glass, and the letter grooves are filled with red and black durable paint.

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