Short wheelbase four-wheel drive oil-electric hybrid tractor

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of short axle distance four-wheel drive oil electricity hybrid tractor, it is related to agricultural machinery equipment field, it includes engine component, engine ontology is connected with hybrid drive assembly, the generator of this assembly is connected with engine transmission, motor controller electrically connected with driving motor, driving motor is connected with four-wheel drive transmission gearbox, four-wheel drive transmission gearbox output end is connected front axle transmission assembly and rear axle transmission assembly respectively, integrated engine component, hybrid drive assembly and four-wheel drive transmission gearbox, tractor front and rear axle distance is greatly shortened, four-wheel drive is realized by four-wheel drive transmission gearbox, avoid wheel skidding phenomenon, adopt hybrid mode of engine and driving motor collaborative work, realize power intelligent distribution by motor controller, hybrid system can recover the kinetic energy when tractor braking and downhill, convert into electric energy and store in power battery, further improve energy utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment technology, specifically to a short-wheelbase four-wheel drive hybrid tractor. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of agricultural modernization, tractors, as core power equipment in agricultural production, directly affect agricultural production efficiency and operational quality. Currently, tractors on the market are mainly divided into two categories: traditional fuel-powered tractors and pure electric tractors. Some hybrid tractors have also emerged, but existing technologies still have many shortcomings, making it difficult to meet the comprehensive demands of modern agriculture for tractors that are efficient, energy-saving, flexible, and environmentally friendly.

[0003] Traditional gasoline-powered tractors generally employ a single-engine drive mode, resulting in high energy consumption. The engine needs to maintain a high speed for extended periods to meet operational power demands, especially during light-load operations where the engine deviates from its economical operating range, significantly increasing fuel consumption and causing energy waste. While pure electric tractors can solve the environmental and noise problems of traditional gasoline-powered tractors, their range and power output stability are limited by battery technology, making them insufficient for agricultural production needs. Agricultural operations are often conducted outdoors for extended periods of continuous work, and field charging facilities are scarce, making recharging inconvenient. During heavy-load operations, the battery discharge current surges, easily causing voltage drops and resulting in insufficient motor power output, affecting operational efficiency.

[0004] While existing hybrid tractors combine the advantages of both fuel and electric drive to some extent, they still suffer from problems such as unreasonable structural design and insufficient functional optimization. Most hybrid tractors use the traditional long wheelbase layout without optimizing the wheelbase for the structural characteristics of the hybrid system, resulting in poor maneuverability in confined spaces. Some hybrid tractors only use rear-wheel drive or a simple front-wheel drive auxiliary structure, leading to uneven power distribution in the four-wheel drive system. When operating in complex terrains such as mud and slopes, wheel slippage is likely to occur, resulting in low power transmission efficiency. The hybrid system control logic is simple, and the collaborative working mode of the engine and motor is singular, making it impossible to adaptively adjust the power output according to different working conditions, resulting in the energy-saving effect not meeting expectations. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned traditional technologies and provide a short wheelbase four-wheel drive hybrid tractor that solves the problems of high energy consumption, poor maneuverability, insufficient passability and poor environmental performance of existing tractors, and realizes flexible operation in narrow spaces, stable passage in complex terrain, high efficiency and energy saving in all working conditions and long-term reliable operation.

[0006] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical measures: A short-wheelbase four-wheel drive hybrid tractor, characterized in that: it includes an engine component comprising an engine body, the engine body being connected to a hybrid drive assembly, the hybrid drive assembly including a generator, the power input end of the generator being drive-connected to the power output end of the engine, the generator being electrically connected to a motor controller, the motor controller being electrically connected to a power battery and a drive motor respectively, the power output end of the drive motor being connected to a four-wheel drive transmission gearbox for distributing and transmitting power to the front and rear wheels, the two output ends of the four-wheel drive transmission gearbox being respectively connected to a front axle drive assembly for driving the front wheels and a rear axle drive assembly for driving the rear wheels, the rear axle drive assembly including a rear axle transfer case, the rear end of the rear axle transfer case being connected to a tail-end implement mounting module for mounting agricultural auxiliary equipment, and the engine body being connected to a fuel tank via an oil pipe.

[0007] As an improvement: the four-wheel drive transmission includes a transmission housing, in which a power transmission main shaft, an intermediate drive shaft and a front drive drive shaft are rotatably connected. The input end of the power transmission main shaft is driven to the output end of the drive motor, and the output end of the power transmission main shaft is driven to the input end of the rear axle transfer case.

[0008] As an improvement: an input shaft gear is fixedly connected to the power transmission main shaft, an intermediate transmission gear is fixedly connected to the intermediate transmission shaft, and an output shaft gear is fixedly connected to the front drive transmission shaft. The input shaft gear is meshed with the intermediate transmission gear, and the intermediate transmission gear is meshed with the output shaft gear.

[0009] As an improvement: the front axle drive assembly includes a front axle differential, the front axle differential is fixedly connected to a front axle drive sleeve, the end of the front axle drive sleeve is driven connected to the front wheel of the tractor, the input end of the front axle differential is driven connected to one end of the front axle power input shaft, and the other end of the front axle power input shaft is driven connected to the front drive drive shaft.

[0010] As an improvement: a rear axle drive sleeve is fixedly connected to the side of the rear axle transfer case, and a rear axle drive shaft is sleeved inside the rear axle drive sleeve. The rear axle drive shaft is connected to the power transmission main shaft through a gear set structure. The end of the rear axle drive shaft is connected to the tractor's rear wheel.

[0011] As an improvement: the front end of the engine body is provided with an engine cooling module for dissipating heat from the engine body, the air intake of the engine body is connected to an engine air intake assembly, and the exhaust port of the engine body is connected to an engine exhaust gas emission assembly.

[0012] As an improvement: the engine intake assembly includes an engine intake turbine, the output end of which is connected to the air intake port of the engine body, the intake end of which is connected to one end of an intake delivery pipe, the other end of which is connected to an engine intake purification cylinder, the upper surface of which is connected to an intake cylinder, and the top of which is fixedly connected to an intake waterproof cap.

[0013] As an improvement: the engine exhaust emission assembly includes an exhaust particulate filter, which is connected to the exhaust port of the engine body via a pipe, and an exhaust emission bend is fixedly connected to the top of the exhaust particulate filter.

[0014] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the advantages of this utility model compared with the prior art are: Employing a short wheelbase layout, the tractor significantly reduces the distance between the front and rear axles by rationally integrating engine components, hybrid drive components, and a four-wheel drive transmission. This allows for flexible steering and turning operations in confined spaces such as greenhouses, terraced fields, and orchards, effectively reducing damage to crops and lowering the operator's steering effort, thus improving work efficiency. The four-wheel drive transmission, combined with the differential function of the front and rear axle drive components, effectively prevents wheel slippage, enabling operation on complex terrains such as mud, slopes, and gravel. The hybrid system, employing a hybrid mode where the engine and drive motor work in tandem, intelligently distributes power through a motor controller. The hybrid system can recover kinetic energy from tractor braking and downhill driving, converting it into electrical energy stored in the power battery, further improving energy efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of one side of the oil tank in this utility model.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom three-dimensional structure of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of one side of the power battery in this utility model.

[0019] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a four-wheel drive transmission gearbox.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Engine components; 11. Engine body; 12. Engine cooling module; 13. Engine intake assembly; 131. Engine intake turbine; 132. Intake delivery pipe; 133. Engine intake purifier; 134. Intake pipe; 135. Intake waterproof cap; 14. Engine exhaust assembly; 141. Exhaust particulate filter; 142. Exhaust exhaust bend; 2. Hybrid drive assembly; 21. Generator; 22. Drive motor; 23. Motor controller; 24. Power battery; 3. Four-wheel drive transmission 31. Gearbox; 32. Gearbox housing; 33. Power transmission main shaft; 34. Input shaft gear; 35. Intermediate drive shaft; 36. Intermediate transmission gear; 37. Front drive drive shaft; 4. Output shaft gear; 5. Rear axle drive assembly; 41. Rear axle transfer case; 42. Rear axle drive sleeve; 43. Rear axle drive shaft; 44. Tractor rear wheel; 5. Front axle drive assembly; 51. Front axle differential; 52. Front axle drive sleeve; 53. Front axle power input shaft; 54. Tractor front wheel; 6. Rear implement mounting module; 7. Fuel tank. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Example: Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a short-wheelbase four-wheel drive hybrid tractor includes an engine component 1 including an engine body 11. The engine body 11 is connected to a hybrid drive assembly 2. The hybrid drive assembly 2 includes a generator 21. The power input end of the generator 21 is connected to the power output end of the engine. The generator 21 is electrically connected to a motor controller 23. The motor controller 23 is electrically connected to a power battery 24 and a drive motor 22. The power output end of the drive motor 22 is connected to a four-wheel drive transmission gearbox 3 for distributing and transmitting power to the front and rear wheels. The two output ends of the four-wheel drive transmission gearbox 3 are respectively connected to a front axle transmission assembly 5 for driving the front wheels and a rear axle transmission assembly 4 for driving the rear wheels. The rear axle transmission assembly 4 includes a rear axle transfer case 41. The rear end of the rear axle transfer case 41 is connected to a tail-end implement mounting module 6 for mounting agricultural auxiliary equipment. The engine body 11 is connected to a fuel tank 7 via an oil pipe.

[0022] The drive motor 22 can achieve precise control of speed and torque through the motor controller 23. Its power output end is connected to the power transmission main shaft 32 of the four-wheel drive transmission gearbox 3 through a spline. The motor controller 23 adopts a DSP digital control chip and has functions such as power distribution, energy recovery, and fault diagnosis. It can adjust the power output ratio of the engine and drive motor according to the working conditions, and at the same time control the charging and discharging state of the power battery 24. The power battery 24 integrates BMS and PDU modules.

[0023] The tail-end implement mounting module 6 is bolted to the rear end of the rear axle transfer case 41 for power transmission. It employs a three-point suspension structure, making it compatible with various agricultural auxiliary equipment such as plows, harrows, seeders, and harvesters. The mounting module is equipped with a hydraulic lifting system, using hydraulic cylinders to control the lifting height of the implements to meet different working depth requirements.

[0024] The four-wheel drive transmission gearbox 3 includes a gearbox housing 31, in which a power transmission main shaft 32, an intermediate drive shaft 34 and a front drive drive shaft 36 are rotatably connected. The input end of the power transmission main shaft 32 is connected to the output end of the drive motor 22, and the output end of the power transmission main shaft 32 is connected to the input end of the rear axle transfer case 41.

[0025] An input shaft gear 33 is fixedly connected to the power transmission main shaft 32, an intermediate transmission gear 35 is fixedly connected to the intermediate transmission shaft 34, and an output shaft gear 37 is fixedly connected to the front drive transmission shaft 36. The input shaft gear 33 is meshed with the intermediate transmission gear 35, and the intermediate transmission gear 35 is meshed with the output shaft gear 37.

[0026] The intermediate transmission gear 35 enables power transmission from the input shaft gear 33 to the output shaft gear 37, ensuring that the rotation direction of the input shaft gear 33 is the same as that of the output shaft gear 37. This also ensures that the rotation direction of the power transmission main shaft 32 is the same as that of the front drive shaft 36. The gearbox housing 31 also houses a multi-stage speed-regulating and forward / reverse gearbox structure similar to those found in existing tractors; the specific structure will not be described in detail here.

[0027] The front axle drive assembly 5 includes a front axle differential 51, which is fixedly connected to a front axle drive sleeve 52. The end of the front axle drive sleeve 52 is drivenly connected to the front wheel 54 of the tractor. The input end of the front axle differential 51 is drivenly connected to one end of the front axle power input shaft 53, and the other end of the front axle power input shaft 53 is drivenly connected to the front drive drive shaft 36.

[0028] A rear axle transmission sleeve 42 is fixedly connected to the side of the rear axle transfer case 41. A rear axle transmission shaft 43 is sleeved inside the rear axle transmission sleeve 42. The rear axle transmission shaft 43 is connected to the power transmission main shaft 32 through a gear set structure. The end of the rear axle transmission shaft 43 is connected to the tractor's rear wheel 44. The rear axle transfer case 41 adopts a bevel gear differential structure, which can realize differential rotation of the left and right rear wheels and prevent the rear wheels from slipping when the tractor turns.

[0029] The engine body 11 has an engine cooling module 12 at its front end for dissipating heat. The engine body 11 has an air intake connected to an engine intake assembly 13 and an exhaust port connected to an engine exhaust assembly 14. The engine cooling module 12 includes a cooling fan and aluminum heat sinks. The cooling fan uses an electronic temperature control design, automatically starting when the engine coolant temperature exceeds 85°C. The fan speed adaptively increases as the coolant temperature rises, ensuring the engine operating temperature is maintained between 80°C and 90°C.

[0030] The engine intake assembly 13 includes an engine intake turbine 131. The output end of the engine intake turbine 131 is connected to the air intake port of the engine body 11. One end of the intake delivery pipe 132 is connected to the intake end of the engine intake turbine 131, and the other end of the intake delivery pipe 132 is connected to an engine intake purification cylinder 133. An intake cylinder 134 is connected to the upper surface of the engine intake purification cylinder 133, and an intake waterproof cap 135 is fixedly connected to the top of the intake cylinder 134. The intake turbine 131 can increase the engine intake pressure and increase the intake volume, making the fuel combustion more complete. The intake purification cylinder 133 is equipped with a double-layer filter cotton. The inner layer of the double-layer filter cotton is high-density fiber cotton, and the outer layer is an activated carbon filter layer, which filters dust and impurities in the air as much as possible. The intake waterproof cap 135 can effectively prevent rainwater and dew from entering the engine intake assembly 13.

[0031] The engine exhaust emission assembly 14 includes an exhaust particulate filter 141, which is connected to the exhaust port of the engine body 11 via a pipe. An exhaust emission bend 142 is fixedly connected to the top of the exhaust particulate filter 141. The exhaust particulate filter 141 contains a dedicated exhaust gas recovery filter carrier for capturing and adsorbing harmful substances and particulate matter in the exhaust gas. The bending angle of the exhaust emission bend 142 effectively prevents rainwater from entering the exhaust emission bend 142 during rain.

Claims

1. A short-wheelbase four-wheel drive hybrid tractor, characterized in that: The engine component (1) includes an engine body (11), which is connected to a hybrid drive assembly (2). The hybrid drive assembly (2) includes a generator (21), the power input end of which is connected to the power output end of the engine. The generator (21) is electrically connected to a motor controller (23), which is electrically connected to a power battery (24) and a drive motor (22). The power output end of the drive motor (22) is connected to a four-wheel drive transmission gearbox (3) for distributing and transmitting power to the front and rear wheels. The two output ends of the four-wheel drive transmission gearbox (3) are respectively connected to a front axle drive assembly (5) for driving the front wheels and a rear axle drive assembly (4) for driving the rear wheels. The rear axle drive assembly (4) includes a rear axle transfer case (41), the rear end of which is connected to a tail end implement mounting module (6) for carrying agricultural auxiliary equipment. The engine body (11) is connected to a fuel tank (7) via an oil pipe.

2. The short-wheelbase four-wheel drive hybrid tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four-wheel drive transmission gearbox (3) includes a gearbox housing (31), in which a power transmission main shaft (32), an intermediate drive shaft (34) and a front drive drive shaft (36) are rotatably connected. The input end of the power transmission main shaft (32) is connected to the output end of the drive motor (22), and the output end of the power transmission main shaft (32) is connected to the input end of the rear axle transfer case (41).

3. A short-wheelbase four-wheel drive hybrid tractor according to claim 2, characterized in that: An input shaft gear (33) is fixedly connected to the power transmission main shaft (32), an intermediate transmission gear (35) is fixedly connected to the intermediate transmission shaft (34), and an output shaft gear (37) is fixedly connected to the front drive transmission shaft (36). The input shaft gear (33) meshes with the intermediate transmission gear (35), and the intermediate transmission gear (35) meshes with the output shaft gear (37).

4. A short-wheelbase four-wheel drive hybrid tractor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front axle drive assembly (5) includes a front axle differential (51), which is fixedly connected to a front axle drive sleeve (52). The end of the front axle drive sleeve (52) is driven to the front wheel (54) of the tractor. The input end of the front axle differential (51) is driven to one end of the front axle power input shaft (53), and the other end of the front axle power input shaft (53) is driven to the front drive shaft (36).

5. A short-wheelbase four-wheel drive hybrid tractor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rear axle transfer case (41) is fixedly connected to the side of a rear axle drive sleeve (42), and a rear axle drive shaft (43) is sleeved inside the rear axle drive sleeve (42). The rear axle drive shaft (43) is connected to the power transmission main shaft (32) through a gear set structure. The end of the rear axle drive shaft (43) is connected to the tractor rear wheel (44).

6. A short-wheelbase four-wheel drive hybrid tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The engine body (11) is provided with an engine cooling module (12) for cooling the engine body (11) at the front end. The engine body (11) is connected to an engine intake assembly (13) at the air inlet and to an engine exhaust assembly (14) at the exhaust outlet.

7. A short-wheelbase four-wheel drive hybrid tractor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The engine intake assembly (13) includes an engine intake turbine (131), the output end of which is connected to the air intake port of the engine body (11), the intake end of which is connected to one end of an intake delivery pipe (132), the other end of which is connected to an engine intake purification cylinder (133), the upper surface of which is connected to an intake cylinder (134), and the top end of which is fixedly connected to an intake waterproof cap (135).

8. A short-wheelbase four-wheel drive hybrid tractor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The engine exhaust gas emission assembly (14) includes an exhaust gas particulate filter (141), which is connected to the exhaust port of the engine body (11) via a pipe, and an exhaust gas emission bend (142) is fixedly connected to the top of the exhaust gas particulate filter (141).

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