Coal belt conveyor dust falling device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a coal belt conveyor dust falling device belongs to material conveying technical field, including the support frame for providing the installation space, the top of support frame is equipped with the protective cover for preventing coal dust diffusion, the top of protective cover is connected with a plurality of air inlet pipes for dust circulation, a plurality of air inlet pipes are installed with one -way air pipe away from the one end of protective cover, the inside of one -way air pipe is provided with annular hollow column for movement guide, the inside of annular hollow column is connected with spring, the end of spring is connected with annular board, annular board slidingly sets up in the inside of annular hollow column, the side of annular board away from spring is connected with a plurality of connecting columns, the device avoids the dust absorption efficiency sudden drop caused by air flow backwash, reduces the influence of frequent shutdown maintenance to the coal supply stability, guarantees the power plant power generation efficiency and is not indirectly disturbed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of material conveying technology, and in particular to a dust suppression device for a coal conveyor belt. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial sectors such as thermal power generation and coal mining, coal conveyor belts are key equipment for coal transportation. However, during coal transportation, collisions, friction, and airflow disturbances generate a large amount of dust, which not only pollutes the working environment and endangers the health of operators but may also cause safety hazards such as dust explosions. When one of the fans in a multi-fan parallel system stops, the negative pressure generated by the other fans can cause airflow to flow backward from the intake pipe of the stopped fan, forming an "airflow short circuit," which directly affects the dust suppression effect. It may also affect the stability of coal supply due to frequent shutdowns for maintenance, indirectly leading to a decrease in power generation efficiency.

[0003] A search revealed a Chinese patent document (authorization announcement number CN211569498U), which discloses a dust suppression device for a coal conveyor belt. This device uses a water pump to deliver water through a water pipe and connecting pipe to a spray pipe, and then sprays it out through an atomizing nozzle on the spray pipe. The water mist suppresses dust in the fixed chamber, preventing dust from scattering randomly and improving environmental performance. This device can meet basic usage requirements, but it has a weak ability to prevent backflow, which directly affects the dust suppression effect. It may also affect the stability of coal supply due to frequent shutdowns for maintenance, indirectly leading to a decrease in power generation efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a dust suppression device for coal conveyor belts to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a dust suppression device for a coal conveyor belt, comprising a support frame for providing installation space, a protective cover for preventing the spread of coal dust installed on the top of the support frame, and a plurality of air inlet pipes for dust circulation connected to the top of the protective cover. Each of the multiple air inlet pipes has a one-way vent pipe installed at the end away from the protective cover. The one-way vent pipe has an annular hollow column for motion guidance inside. A spring is connected inside the annular hollow column. An annular plate is connected to the end of the spring. The annular plate is slidably disposed inside the annular hollow column. Multiple connecting columns are connected to the side of the annular plate away from the spring. Multiple guide grooves for sliding of the connecting columns are provided at the bottom of the annular hollow column. A connecting frame is installed at the end of the connecting column away from the annular plate. A conical block is installed on the side of the connecting frame close to the annular plate. A conical groove for forming a seal with the conical block is installed on the outer periphery of the annular hollow column.

[0006] Preferably, the end of the one-way vent pipe away from the air inlet pipe is provided with an air outlet for air circulation, and a dust-resistant fan for increasing airflow is installed inside the air outlet.

[0007] Preferably, a power unit for providing driving force is installed on the side of the support frame, the drive unit of the power unit is connected to a belt drive unit for transmitting power, and the movable part of the belt drive unit is equipped with a belt conveyor unit for coal conveying.

[0008] Preferably, the protective cover is equipped with a plurality of air inlets for guiding the movement of dust, and the ends of the air inlets are connected to the air inlet pipes.

[0009] Preferably, the protective cover has multiple dust collection boxes installed on its side, and the top of each of the multiple dust collection boxes is connected to an external water pipe for connection to an external water pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the top of the dust collection box is connected to the bottom of the air outlet, and the interior of the dust collection box is connected to an annular water pipe for water flow, the outer periphery of which is connected to the end of an external water pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the outer periphery of the annular water pipe is provided with multiple nozzles for water mist spraying, and the bottom of the dust settling box is equipped with a guide bucket for guiding the movement of sewage, and the bottom of the guide bucket is connected to a sewage pipe for sewage discharge.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects and advantages of this utility model are as follows: This dust suppression device for coal conveyor belts benefits from a reliable unidirectional airflow mechanism achieved through the internal structure of a one-way ventilation pipe, which utilizes an annular hollow column, spring, annular plate, connecting column, and a conical block with a conical groove. When dust-laden air flows in the forward direction, the airflow pressure pushes the annular plate to compress the spring, causing the conical block to disengage from the conical groove and form a passage. If one dust-resistant fan stops, the negative pressure generated by other fans may trigger reverse airflow. In this case, the spring resets and pushes the annular plate, causing the conical block to fit tightly against the conical groove, completely blocking the reverse airflow. This structure fundamentally solves the "airflow short-circuit" problem in multi-fan parallel systems, avoids a sharp drop in dust collection efficiency due to backflow, reduces the impact of frequent shutdowns for maintenance on the stability of coal supply, and ensures that the power plant's power generation efficiency is not indirectly affected.

[0013] This dust suppression device for coal conveyor belts benefits from a protective cover that completely encloses the conveyor section, creating a closed space to prevent dust from escaping. Multiple air inlets inside are distributed in a diffused pattern, accurately capturing dust from different areas. The flared design of the air inlets enhances local negative pressure, making it easier for dust to be drawn into the inlet pipes. Combined with the sealing of the protective cover, this significantly improves dust collection efficiency. This structure reduces the unorganized diffusion of dust, lowers the processing load on subsequent dust collection boxes, and prevents dust from causing wear and tear on surrounding equipment, extending the overall maintenance cycle of the device.

[0014] This dust suppression device for coal conveyor belts utilizes a ring-shaped water pipe within the dust suppression chamber, combined with multiple nozzles, to create a 360° water mist field with no dead angles. High-pressure water supplied by an external water pipe is diverted through the ring-shaped water pipe and then sprayed as fine water mist from each nozzle, ensuring full contact with the dust-laden air entering the dust suppression chamber. Dust particles rapidly agglomerate upon collision with the water mist and are discharged through a guide hopper and wastewater pipe under gravity, resulting in a significant purification effect. This structure increases the contact area and collision probability between dust and water mist, achieving a dust suppression efficiency of over 90% and effectively improving air quality in the coal conveying environment. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This utility model Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 5 This utility model Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: In the diagram: 1. Support frame; 101. Power unit; 102. Belt drive unit; 103. Belt conveyor unit; 104. Protective cover; 105. Air inlet hopper; 106. Air inlet pipe; 2. One-way ventilation pipe; 201. Annular hollow column; 202. Spring; 203. Annular plate; 204. Connecting column; 205. Guide groove; 206. Connecting frame; 207. Conical block; 208. Conical groove; 3. Air outlet; 301. Dust-resistant fan; 4. Dust settling box; 401. External water pipe; 402. Annular water pipe; 403. Nozzle; 404. Guide hopper; 405. Sewage pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0018] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, certain technical features well-known in the art have not been described in order to avoid confusion with the present invention.

[0019] The connection method can be any existing method, such as bonding, welding, or bolting, depending on the actual needs.

[0020] like Figures 1 to 5 The dust suppression device for a coal conveyor belt shown includes a support frame 1 for providing installation space, a protective cover 104 for preventing the spread of coal dust installed on the top of the support frame 1, and a plurality of air inlet pipes 106 for dust circulation connected to the top of the protective cover 104. Multiple air inlet pipes 106 are each equipped with a one-way vent pipe 2 at the end furthest from the protective cover 104. The one-way vent pipe 2 contains an annular hollow column 201 for motion guidance. A spring 202 is connected inside the annular hollow column 201, and an annular plate 203 is connected to the end of the spring 202. The annular plate 203 is slidably disposed inside the annular hollow column 201. Multiple connecting posts 204 are connected to the side of the annular plate 203 furthest from the spring 202. The bottom of the annular hollow column 201 is provided with… Multiple guide grooves 205 are provided for the sliding of the connecting column 204. A connecting frame 206 is installed at the end of the connecting column 204 away from the annular plate 203. A conical block 207 is installed on the side of the connecting frame 206 near the annular plate 203. A conical groove 208 is installed on the outer periphery of the annular hollow column 201 to form a seal with the conical block 207. When dusty air enters the one-way ventilation pipe 2, the airflow pressure pushes the annular plate 203 to compress the spring 202, causing the annular plate to slide along the annular hollow column 201. At this time, the connecting column 204 moves synchronously along the guide grooves 205, causing the connecting frame 206 and the conical block 207 to disengage from the conical groove 208, forming an airflow channel (one-way open state). If the fan stops or the airflow reverses, the spring 202 resets and pushes the annular plate 203, causing the conical block 207 to fit tightly with the conical groove 208, blocking the reverse airflow and preventing dust from flowing back to the protective cover 104.

[0021] One-way ventilation pipe 2 is provided with an air outlet 3 for air circulation at the end away from air inlet pipe 106. A dust-resistant fan 301 for increasing air flow is installed inside the air outlet 3. A power unit 101 for providing driving force is installed on the side of the support frame 1. The power unit 101 is the driving core of the entire device and is mainly composed of a motor, reducer, coupling and base. The motor is a three-phase AC asynchronous motor (power matched according to the conveyor capacity, usually 15-75kW) to provide the initial power; the reducer is a hardened cylindrical gear reducer, which reduces the speed and increases the torque through gear meshing; the coupling is used to connect the output shaft of the motor and the input shaft of the reducer, to compensate for installation errors and buffer impacts; the base adopts a welded steel structure and is fixed to the support frame 1 with anchor bolts to ensure operational stability. When working, the motor generates rotational power after being connected to the power supply. After being reduced and increased in torque by the reducer, the power is transmitted to the belt drive unit 102 through the coupling. The belt drive unit 102 is the intermediate link of power transmission and consists of a driving roller, a driven roller, a tensioning device and a transmission support. The drive roller is connected to the output end of the power unit 101 and its surface is covered with a rubber layer to increase friction. The driven roller is installed at the end of the belt conveyor 103 to support the belt and change the transmission direction. The tensioning device adopts a spiral or counterweight structure, and the belt tension is maintained at a suitable level (usually 10-30kN) by adjusting the position of the driven roller. The transmission bracket is a welded steel frame used to fix the roller and the tensioning device, ensuring that the transmission shaft is parallel. During operation, the drive roller rotates under the drive of the power unit 101, driving the conveyor belt of the belt conveyor 103 through friction. The driven roller rotates synchronously with the conveyor belt, forming a closed transmission cycle. The tensioning device compensates for the slack of the belt caused by long-term operation in real time, ensuring that slippage does not occur between the drive roller and the conveyor belt, and ensuring efficient power transmission. It provides continuous driving force to the belt conveyor 103. At the same time, the power unit 101 is equipped with an overload protection device (such as a thermal relay and torque limiter), which automatically stops the machine when the conveying load exceeds the set value to avoid damage to the equipment due to overload. The drive unit of the power unit 101 is connected to a belt drive unit 102 for transmitting power, and the movable part of the belt drive unit 102 is equipped with a belt conveyor unit 103 for coal conveying. The belt conveyor unit 103 is the actuator for coal conveying, mainly composed of a conveyor belt, idler rollers, a cleaning device, and a frame. The conveyor belt uses a flame-retardant steel cord belt (1-2.4m wide), featuring high strength and wear resistance. The idler rollers include upper idlers (trough type, supporting the load-bearing section of the belt) and lower idlers (parallel type, supporting the return section of the belt), spaced 1-1.5m apart to reduce belt sagging. The cleaning device, installed below the drive drum, uses a polyurethane scraper to remove residual coal slag from the conveyor belt surface. The frame is a prefabricated steel structure, connected and fixed to the support frame 1, supporting the entire conveying system. During operation, the conveyor belt continuously circulates under the drive of the belt drive unit 102. Coal falls onto the load-bearing section of the conveyor belt through upstream equipment (such as a coal feeder) and is conveyed forward with the belt. The idler rollers support the conveyor belt to maintain a stable running trajectory, preventing excessive deformation due to the weight of the coal. The cleaning device cleans the surface of the conveyor belt in real time, preventing residual coal slag from falling and causing secondary dust. The entire process achieves continuous and efficient coal transportation, providing a stable source of dust for subsequent dust suppression devices. Multiple air inlets 105 are installed inside the protective cover 104 to guide dust movement. The ends of the air inlets 105 are connected to the air inlet pipe 106. When the power unit 101 drives the belt conveyor 103 via the belt drive unit 102, the dust generated during coal transportation is confined inside the protective cover 104, preventing unorganized diffusion. The air inlets 105 inside the protective cover 104 collect dust through a funnel-shaped structure. Under the negative pressure of the dust-resistant fan 301, dust-laden air is drawn into the one-way ventilation pipe 2 through the air inlet pipe 106.

[0022] Multiple dust collection boxes 4 are installed on the side of the protective cover 104. The top of each dust collection box 4 is connected to an external water pipe 401 for connection to an external water pipe. The top of the dust collection box 4 is connected to the bottom of the air outlet 3. The inside of the dust collection box 4 is connected to an annular water pipe 402 for water flow. The outer periphery of the annular water pipe 402 is connected to the end of the external water pipe 401. Multiple nozzles 403 for water mist spraying are provided on the outer periphery of the annular water pipe 402. The bottom of the dust collection box 4 is equipped with a guide bucket 404 for guiding the movement of sewage. The bottom of the guide bucket 404 is connected to a sewage pipe 405 for sewage discharge. Dust-laden air through the one-way ventilation pipe 2 enters the dust collection box 4 through the air outlet 3. At the same time, the external water pipe 401 delivers high-pressure water to the annular water pipe 402, forming an annular water mist field through the multiple nozzles 403. Dust particles collide with water mist and agglomerate into large particles, which fall into the guide hopper 404 under the action of gravity and are eventually discharged through the sewage pipe 405 (which can be recycled into the subsequent water treatment system).

[0023] This dust suppression device for coal conveyor belts employs a multi-dimensional structural design to minimize disruption to normal operation in four aspects: environmental adaptability, ease of maintenance, material selection, and sealing assurance. For instance, regarding environmental adaptability, the device is optimized for the high dust and high humidity characteristics of coal conveying environments. The protective cover 104 adopts a fully enclosed structure, completely enclosing the belt conveyor section 103, blocking the unorganized exchange of dust with the external environment, and preventing dust diffusion caused by external airflow disturbances. The spring 202 inside the one-way ventilation pipe 2 is made of corrosion-resistant alloy material, and the sliding contact surface between the annular plate 203 and the annular hollow column 201 is coated with high-temperature lubricant, allowing for stable operation in ambient temperatures ranging from -20℃ to 60℃, preventing freezing at low temperatures or aging at high temperatures from affecting the one-way opening and closing function. The annular water pipe 402 of the dust suppression box 4 is made of 304 stainless steel, and the inner wall of the nozzle 403 is smoothed and equipped with a removable filter screen to prevent uneven water mist distribution caused by impurities in the water clogging it, ensuring a stable and effective water mist field even in industrial environments with poor water quality.

[0024] The convenient maintenance design significantly reduces the impact of downtime. The one-way vent pipe 2 adopts a modular assembly structure. The annular hollow column 201 and the conical groove 208 are connected by a flange. Loosening the fixing bolts allows for the removal of internal components such as the spring 202 and annular plate 203, facilitating regular cleaning of dust accumulation in the guide groove 205 and preventing jamming of the connecting column 204. The dust collection box 4 has a quick-opening drain port at the bottom of its guide hopper 404, allowing for the periodic discharge of deposited coal sludge and impurities without shutting down the machine. The annular water pipe 402 and the external water pipe 401 use a quick-connect fitting, and the replacement time for a single set of nozzles 403 is controlled within 10 minutes. The dust-resistant fan 301 has a drawer-type dust filter installed at the air inlet, eliminating the need to disassemble the fan body for daily cleaning, significantly shortening maintenance time and reducing the impact on the continuity of coal transportation.

[0025] Material selection considers both durability and functionality. The support frame 1 is welded from Q235B steel, with a surface treated by sandblasting and epoxy primer, providing corrosion resistance for over 5 years. The protective cover 104 is made of 3mm thick galvanized steel plate, with an inner layer of wear-resistant rubber, resisting coal impact and reducing secondary dust generation from dust collisions. The conical block 207 of the one-way vent pipe 2 is made of polyurethane elastomer, which, when combined with the metal conical groove 208, ensures a tight seal and buffers the impact force during closure, preventing seal failure due to long-term collisions. The idler rollers of the belt conveyor section 103 are coated with a ceramic coating, improving wear resistance by 3 times compared to traditional steel idler rollers, reducing downtime caused by frequent component replacements.

[0026] The sealed structure design eliminates the risks of dust leakage and airflow turbulence. The conical block 207 and conical groove 208 of the one-way vent pipe 2 have a 1:5 taper fit, forming a line seal with the preload of the spring 202. The greater the reverse air pressure, the tighter the seal, completely blocking reverse airflow below 0.8MPa and preventing "airflow short circuit" when multiple fans are connected in parallel. The connection between the air inlet hopper 105 and the protective cover 104 adopts a labyrinth-type sealing structure, combined with a high-temperature resistant silicone sealing ring, to prevent dusty air from escaping from the gaps. The connection flange between the top of the dust settling box 4 and the air outlet 3 is equipped with a double-layer sealing gasket. The inner layer is sealed with nitrile rubber, and the outer layer is reinforced with a metal skeleton, which ensures airtightness and withstands the stress generated by equipment vibration, preventing the purified air from carrying dust and leaking out.

[0027] Through the above design, the device can maintain stable operation in complex industrial environments, reduce the downtime rate caused by environmental interference, maintenance requirements, material consumption, and seal failure, ensure the continuity of the coal conveying system and dust suppression device working together, and guarantee the stable coal supply to the power plant.

[0028] Working principle In operation, the dust suppression device for this coal conveyor belt first drives the belt drive unit 102, which in turn drives the belt conveyor unit 103 to transport coal. The generated dust is sealed by the protective cover 104 to prevent its spread. The air inlet hopper 105 inside the protective cover 104 collects the dust, and the dust-resistant fan 301 generates negative pressure, allowing dust-laden air to enter the one-way ventilation pipe 2 through the air inlet pipe 106. The airflow pushes the annular plate 203 to compress the spring 202, and the connecting column 204 slides along the guide groove 205, causing the conical block 207 to disengage from the conical groove 208, forming a passage for air to pass smoothly. If the airflow reverses, the spring 202 returns to its original position, and the conical block 207 seals against the conical groove 208 to prevent dust backflow. The dust-laden air then enters the dust suppression box 4 through the air outlet 3, and the external water pipe 401 delivers water into the annular water pipe 402, which sprays out from the nozzle 403 to form a water mist. Dust particles collide with and condense with water mist, then fall into the guide hopper 404 with the water and are discharged through the sewage pipe 405. In this way, efficient dust suppression is achieved through closed collection, unidirectional airflow control, and water mist purification.

[0029] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as one and two are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0030] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A dust suppression device for a coal conveyor belt, comprising a support frame (1) for providing installation space, characterized in that: The top of the support frame (1) is equipped with a protective cover (104) for preventing the spread of coal dust, and the top of the protective cover (104) is connected to a plurality of air inlet pipes (106) for dust circulation. Each of the multiple air inlet pipes (106) has a one-way vent pipe (2) installed at one end away from the protective cover (104). The one-way vent pipe (2) has an annular hollow column (201) for motion guidance inside. A spring (202) is connected inside the annular hollow column (201), and an annular plate (203) is connected to the end of the spring (202). The annular plate (203) is slidably disposed inside the annular hollow column (201), and the annular plate (203) is away from the spring (202). A plurality of connecting columns (204) are connected to one side. The bottom of the annular hollow column (201) is provided with a plurality of guide grooves (205) for sliding of the connecting column (204). A connecting frame (206) is installed at the end of the connecting column (204) away from the annular plate (203). A conical block (207) is installed on the side of the connecting frame (206) close to the annular plate (203). A conical groove (208) for forming a seal with the conical block (207) is installed on the outer periphery of the annular hollow column (201).

2. The dust suppression device for a coal conveyor belt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way ventilation pipe (2) is provided with an air outlet (3) for air circulation at one end away from the air inlet pipe (106), and a dust-resistant fan (301) for increasing air circulation is installed inside the air outlet (3).

3. The dust suppression device for a coal conveyor belt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support frame (1) has a power unit (101) for providing driving force installed on its side. The drive unit of the power unit (101) is connected to a belt drive unit (102) for transmitting power. The movable part of the belt drive unit (102) is equipped with a belt conveyor unit (103) for conveying coal.

4. The dust suppression device for a coal conveyor belt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective cover (104) is equipped with a plurality of air inlets (105) for guiding the movement of dust, and the ends of the air inlets (105) are connected to the air inlet pipe (106).

5. The dust suppression device for a coal conveyor belt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective cover (104) is equipped with multiple dust collection boxes (4) on its side, and the top of each of the multiple dust collection boxes (4) is connected to an external water pipe (401) for connection to an external water pipe.

6. A dust suppression device for a coal conveyor belt according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the dust settling box (4) is connected to the bottom of the air outlet (3). The interior of the dust settling box (4) is connected to an annular water pipe (402) for water flow. The outer periphery of the annular water pipe (402) is connected to the end of the external water pipe (401).

7. A dust suppression device for a coal conveyor belt according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer periphery of the annular water pipe (402) is provided with multiple nozzles (403) for water mist spraying, and the bottom of the dust settling box (4) is equipped with a guide bucket (404) for guiding the movement of sewage, and the bottom of the guide bucket (404) is connected to a sewage pipe (405) for sewage discharge.

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