Distributed plastic gasification cracking device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of plastic waste treatment equipment, and discloses a distributed plastic gasification and cracking device which comprises a bucket elevator, a screw conveyor, a secondary control valve, a heating reaction equipment, a separation equipment and a tertiary condensing mechanism. The input end of the screw conveyor is correspondingly arranged at the material output end of the bucket elevator, plastic is conveyed into the heating reaction equipment, the heating reaction equipment is a hollow cavity structure, the screw conveyor is arranged in the heating reaction equipment, plastic is heated and preliminarily cracked during conveying, the input end of the separation equipment is connected with the output end of the screw conveyor through a sealing pipeline, the mixture generated after heating and cracking is separated into gas and solid, and the tertiary condensing mechanism is arranged in the gas output direction of the separation equipment, the input end of the tertiary condensing mechanism is communicated with the gas output end of the separation equipment, high-temperature gas after separation is separated into gas and liquid, and tar components in the gas are extracted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of plastic waste treatment equipment technology, and in particular to a distributed plastic gasification pyrolysis device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the plastics industry, the amount of plastic waste generated is increasing year by year. Traditional plastic treatment methods, such as landfill and incineration, have many drawbacks: landfill disposal occupies a large amount of land resources, and plastics are difficult to degrade, which can easily cause soil and groundwater pollution; direct incineration will produce a large amount of toxic and harmful gases, such as dioxins and hydrogen chloride, which seriously endanger the atmospheric environment and human health.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, plastic gasification pyrolysis technology has gradually become a research hotspot. This technology decomposes plastics into gases, liquids (tar), and solid residues through heating, followed by separation and utilization of the products to achieve resource-based treatment of plastic waste. However, existing gasification pyrolysis equipment is mostly large-scale centralized units, which suffer from large footprints, high investment costs, and unsuitability for decentralized plastic waste treatment. Furthermore, some equipment has imperfections in material conveying control, product separation efficiency, and waste gas treatment, resulting in low pyrolysis efficiency and excessive pollutant emissions, making it difficult to meet practical application needs.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a plastic gasification pyrolysis device that is compact, easy to operate, and adaptable to distributed scenarios. By optimizing core processes such as material conveying, heating and pyrolysis, and separation and recycling, it is possible to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly treatment of plastic waste. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a distributed plastic gasification pyrolysis device.

[0006] The distributed plastic gasification pyrolysis device provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A distributed plastic gasification and pyrolysis device, which uses a bucket elevator to transport plastic to be gasified and pyrolyzed, includes: a screw conveyor with its input end corresponding to the material output end of the bucket elevator; a heating reaction device entirely integrated inside the screw conveyor; a separation device with its input end connected to the output end of the screw conveyor for gas and solid separation; and a three-stage condensation mechanism located in the gas output direction of the separation device for gas-liquid separation. The plastic to be gasified and pyrolyzed enters the heating reaction device for pyrolysis during transport via the screw conveyor, then enters the separation device for solid and gas separation, and finally passes through the three-stage condensation mechanism for gas-liquid separation.

[0007] Preferably, it further includes: a combustion chamber with at least two sets of secondary control valves located at the end of the tertiary condensation mechanism for secondary combustion treatment of exhaust gas, wherein the combustion chamber is connected to the gas pipe and oil pipe of the tertiary condensation mechanism respectively, and the gas pipe and oil pipe merge into the same conveying channel near the outside of the combustion chamber and are then introduced into the combustion chamber.

[0008] Preferably, the secondary control valve includes: a discharge pipe, a positioning frame fixed to the outer wall of the discharge pipe, an adjusting valve rod passing radially through the positioning frame, and an adjusting valve plate embedded in the inner channel of the discharge pipe. One end of the adjusting valve rod extends into the interior of the discharge pipe and is fixedly connected to the adjusting valve plate. The adjusting valve rod moves axially along the discharge pipe and drives the adjusting valve plate to slide in the inner channel.

[0009] Preferably, the secondary control valve is provided in two sets. The two ends of the discharge pipe of one set of secondary control valves are connected to the material output end of the bucket elevator and the material input end of the screw conveyor, respectively. The two ends of the discharge pipe of the other set of secondary control valves are connected to the solid output end of the separation equipment and the solid collection device, respectively.

[0010] By setting up two sets of secondary control valves to control the conveying speed of plastic raw materials and solid residues respectively, the problem of imperfect material control in existing equipment is solved.

[0011] Preferably, the separation device includes: a separator, and a solid deposition container whose input end is connected to the output end of the separator.

[0012] Preferably, the three-stage condensation mechanism includes: at least three condensation tanks connected to the gas output end of the separator, and an oil tank connected to the liquid output end of the condensation tanks, wherein the three condensation tanks are connected in series.

[0013] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects: The separation equipment achieves efficient gas-solid separation through gravity separation, avoiding solid residue from mixing into the gas and affecting subsequent processing; the three-stage condensation mechanism uses three condensers connected in series, and achieves graded separation of tar with different boiling points through temperature gradient design, resulting in high tar recovery rate and reducing tar droplets entrained in the gas.

[0014] The combustion chamber is set up to perform secondary combustion of the gas and tar discharged from the three-stage condensation mechanism. This can fully burn and decompose the incompletely separated volatile organic compounds and toxic gases, reduce pollutant emissions, and meet environmental protection requirements.

[0015] All components (screw conveyor, heating reaction equipment, separation equipment, and three-stage condensation mechanism) adopt an integrated and compact design, which has a small footprint and is easy to install. It is suitable for decentralized plastic waste treatment scenarios such as communities and small factories, solving the problem of poor compatibility of existing large equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a distributed plastic gasification pyrolysis device according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a front view of a distributed plastic gasification pyrolysis device according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the heating reaction equipment of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 4 This utility model Figure 1 Enlarged view of area A.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Bucket elevator; 2. Screw conveyor; 3. Secondary control valve; 4. Heating and reaction equipment; 5. Separation equipment; 6. Tertiary condensation mechanism; 7. Combustion chamber; 8. Feeding pipe; 31. Positioning frame; 32. Adjusting valve stem; 33. Adjusting valve plate; 34. Reactor; 41. Tail gas discharge pipe; 42. Separator; 51. Solid sedimentation container; 52. Condensation tank; 61. Oil tank; 62. Gas pipe; 72. Oil pipe; 73. Natural gas pipeline; 74. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 This application will be described in further detail.

[0022] This application discloses a distributed plastic gasification pyrolysis device. (Refer to...) Figure 1 and Figure 2 The system includes: a bucket elevator 1, a screw conveyor 2, a secondary control valve 3, a heating reaction device 4, a separation device 5, and a tertiary condensation mechanism 6. The input end of the screw conveyor 2 is correspondingly set to the material output end of the bucket elevator 1, and is used to receive the plastic transferred by the bucket elevator 1 and transport the plastic to the heating reaction device 4. The heating reaction device 4 has a hollow cavity structure, and the screw conveyor 2 is installed inside the heating reaction device 4, so that the plastic is heated simultaneously during the transportation process to complete the initial pyrolysis. The input end of the separation device 5 is connected to the output end of the screw conveyor 2 through a sealed pipe, and is used to perform gas-solid separation on the mixture (solid residue and high-temperature gas) generated after heating and pyrolysis. The tertiary condensation mechanism 6 is set in the gas output direction of the separation device 5, and its input end is connected to the gas output end of the separation device 5, and is used to perform gas-liquid separation on the separated high-temperature gas and extract the tar component from the gas.

[0023] The process for processing plastic to be gasified and pyrolyzed is as follows: Bucket elevator 1 transfers the plastic to the input end of screw conveyor 2. The plastic is then conveyed by screw conveyor 2 to the interior of heating reaction equipment 4. During the conveying process, heating reaction equipment 4 heats the plastic, causing it to pyrolyze into solid residue and high-temperature gas. Subsequently, the mixture enters separation equipment 5, where the solid residue and high-temperature gas are separated. The separated high-temperature gas enters a three-stage condensation mechanism 6, where, after gas-liquid separation, the tar is collected, and the remaining gas enters subsequent processing stages.

[0024] In the above embodiments, further, as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the distributed plastic gasification pyrolysis device also includes: a secondary control valve 3 and a combustion chamber 7. The secondary control valve 3 is provided with at least two sets for precise control of the conveying speed and weight of materials (plastic raw materials and solid residues). The combustion chamber 7 is located at the end of the tertiary condensation mechanism 6 and is used to perform secondary combustion treatment on the exhaust gas discharged from the tertiary condensation mechanism 6 to reduce pollutant emissions. The combustion chamber 7 is connected to the gas pipe 72 and oil pipe 73 of the tertiary condensation mechanism 6 respectively. The gas pipe 72 and oil pipe 73 merge into the same conveying channel near the outside of the combustion chamber 7 and are then introduced into the combustion chamber 7, so that the gas separated by the tertiary condensation mechanism 6 and the tar can enter the combustion chamber 7 for combustion simultaneously. At the same time, a natural gas pipeline 74 is also added. The outlet end of the natural gas pipeline 74 is set adjacent to the inlet end of the gas pipe 72 and the oil pipe 73 and is connected to the combustion chamber 7 together.

[0025] like Figure 4 As shown, the secondary control valve 3 includes: a discharge pipe 31, a positioning frame 32, an adjusting valve stem 33, and an adjusting valve plate 34. The discharge pipe 31 is a hollow tubular structure used for material flow. The positioning frame 32 is fixed to the outer wall of the discharge pipe 31, providing installation and positioning support for the adjusting valve stem 33. The adjusting valve stem 33 passes through the positioning frame 32 radially along the discharge pipe 31 and can move axially. The adjusting valve plate 34 is a plate-shaped structure adapted to the inner channel of the discharge pipe 31 and is embedded in the inner channel of the discharge pipe 31. One end of the adjusting valve stem 33 extends into the interior of the discharge pipe 31 and is fixedly connected to the adjusting valve plate 34. When the adjusting valve stem 33 moves axially, it can drive the adjusting valve plate 34 to slide in the inner channel of the discharge pipe 31. By changing the gap between the adjusting valve plate 34 and the inner wall of the discharge pipe 31, the material conveying speed and weight can be adjusted.

[0026] In the above embodiment, the secondary control valve 3 is further provided in two sets. One set of the secondary control valve 3 has its discharge pipe 31 connected to the material output end of the bucket elevator 1 and the material input end of the screw conveyor 2 at both ends, and is used to control the speed at which the plastic raw material enters the screw conveyor 2. The other set of the secondary control valve 3 has its discharge pipe 31 connected to the solid output end of the separation device 5 and the solid collection device (solid sedimentation container 52) at both ends, and is used to control the conveying speed of the solid residue discharged from the separation device 5.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the separation device 5 includes a separator 51 and a solid deposition container 52. The separator 51 is a conical or cylindrical cavity structure, with its input end connected to the output end of the screw conveyor 2. It has an internal guide plate or filter structure to guide the separation of solid residue and high-temperature gas. The solid residue moves towards the bottom of the separator 51 under gravity, while the high-temperature gas flows towards the gas output end at the top of the separator 51. The solid deposition container 52 is a cylindrical structure with an open top and a sealed bottom. Its input end is connected to the output end (bottom solid outlet) of the separator 51 via a pipe, and it is used to collect the solid residue separated by the separator 51.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the three-stage condensation mechanism 6 includes: a condenser tank 61 and an oil tank 62. At least three condenser tanks 61 are provided, all of which are connected to the gas output end of the separator 51 through a sealed pipe. The three condenser tanks 61 are connected in series to form a temperature gradient from high temperature to medium temperature to low temperature. Specifically, the first condenser 61 (near the separator 51) has the highest temperature and is used to separate high-boiling-point heavy tar from the gas; the second condenser 61 has a slightly lower temperature and is used to separate medium-boiling-point tar; the third condenser 61 has the lowest temperature and is used to separate low-boiling-point light tar. This staged condensation improves tar separation efficiency. The oil tank 62 is a sealed cavity structure connected to the liquid output end (bottom outlet) of each condenser 61 via a pipe, and is used to collect the tar separated by each condenser 61.

[0029] In the above embodiment, the heating reaction device 4 further includes a reactor 41 and a tail gas discharge pipe 42. The front end of the reactor 41 is provided with a tail gas discharge pipe 42, which can discharge the gas to be processed by a gas treatment device or enter the combustion chamber 7 for combustion treatment.

[0030] In actual use, the bucket elevator 1 is a TD type bucket elevator 1, and the screw conveyor 2 is an LS type screw conveyor 2; the reactor 41 is a hollow cavity made of stainless steel, with electric heating wires wound around the outside (heating temperature range 300-800℃). During the conveying process of the screw conveyor 2, the plastic is heated to the pyrolysis temperature by the electric heating wires and decomposes into solid residue (carbon black, unpyrolyzed plastic particles) and high-temperature gas (containing methane, ethylene, and tar vapor); the separator 51 is equipped with a guide plate. The solid residue moves to the bottom under the guidance of gravity and the guide plate, and enters the solid deposition container 52 through another set of secondary control valves 3, while the high-temperature gas flows upward to the gas output end at the top of the separator 51; the three condenser tanks 61 of the three-stage condensation mechanism 6 are connected in series through sealed pipes. The gas input end of the first condenser tank 61 is connected to the separator 51. The gas output end of the separator 51 is connected to three condenser tanks 61, each with cooling water at different temperatures. The cooling water temperature of the first condenser tank 61 is 80-100℃, the second is 50-70℃, and the third is 20-40℃. The high-temperature gas passes through the three condenser tanks 61 in sequence, and the tar vapor gradually liquefies. It then flows into the oil tank 62 through the pipe at the bottom of the condenser tank 61. The gas pipe 72 (transporting uncondensed gas) and the oil pipe 73 (transporting part of the tar) of the three-stage condensation mechanism 6 merge into the same stainless steel pipe outside the combustion container 71 and are introduced into the combustion container 71. A natural gas burner is installed on the outside of the combustion container 71 and connected to a natural gas pipe 74. After the natural gas is ignited, the gas transported by the gas pipe 72 and the tar transported by the oil pipe 73 can be fully burned. The exhaust gas after combustion is discharged through the exhaust gas pipe at the top of the combustion container 71, thus completing the overall process.

[0031] Finally, the following points should be noted: First, in the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly, and can be mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components, or direct connections. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may change. Secondly: The accompanying drawings of the embodiments disclosed in this utility model only involve the structures involved in the embodiments disclosed in this utility model. Other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other. Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0032] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A distributed plastic gasification and pyrolysis device, wherein a bucket elevator is used to transport the plastic to be gasified and pyrolyzed, characterized in that, include: The screw conveyor is configured with its input end corresponding to the material output end of the bucket elevator; The heating reaction equipment has the screw conveyor entirely installed inside it; A separation device, with its input end connected to the output end of the screw conveyor, is used for gas and solid separation; A three-stage condensation mechanism is located in the gas output direction of the separation device for gas-liquid separation. The plastic to be vaporized and pyrolyzed is conveyed by a screw conveyor into a heating reaction device for pyrolysis, then enters a separation device for solid-gas separation, and finally passes through a three-stage condensation mechanism for gas-liquid separation.

2. The distributed plastic gasification pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: At least two sets of secondary control valves shall be installed. The combustion chamber, located at the end of the three-stage condensation mechanism, is used for secondary combustion treatment of the exhaust gas; The combustion chamber is connected to the gas pipe and oil pipe of the three-stage condensation mechanism respectively. The gas pipe and oil pipe merge into the same delivery channel near the outside of the combustion chamber and are then introduced into the combustion chamber.

3. A distributed plastic gasification pyrolysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The secondary control valve includes: Material feeding pipe; The positioning frame is fixed to the outer wall of the feeding pipe; The regulating valve stem passes radially through the positioning frame along the feed pipe; A regulating valve plate is embedded in the inner channel of the discharge pipe; One end of the regulating valve rod extends into the interior of the discharge pipe and is fixedly connected to the regulating valve plate; the regulating valve rod moves axially along the discharge pipe and drives the regulating valve plate to slide in the inner channel.

4. A distributed plastic gasification pyrolysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The secondary control valves are provided in two sets. One set of secondary control valves has its discharge pipes connected to the material output end of the bucket elevator and the material input end of the screw conveyor, respectively. The other set of secondary control valves has its discharge pipes connected to the solid output end of the separation equipment and the solid collection device, respectively.

5. A distributed plastic gasification pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The separation device includes: Separator; A solid deposition container, with its input end connected to the output end of the separator.

6. A distributed plastic gasification pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-stage condensation mechanism includes: At least three condenser tanks are connected to the gas output end of the separator. The oil tank is connected to the liquid output end of the condenser. The three condenser tanks are connected in series.

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