Biomass gasifier

Abstract

The application relates to a biomass gasification furnace, and relates to the technical field of the gasification furnace. The biomass gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace body, an inlet is arranged at the upper end of the gasification furnace body, a fuel gas outlet is arranged at one side of the upper portion of the gasification furnace body, a grate is arranged at the lower end in the gasification furnace body, a slag outlet is arranged at the tail end of the grate, a water cooling device is arranged on the side wall of the gasification furnace body, the water cooling device is arranged along the height direction of the gasification furnace body, and a wind distribution assembly for distributing wind to the grate is arranged at the lower end of the gasification furnace body. The application has the effect of prolonging the service life of the gasification furnace.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of gasifiers, and in particular to a biomass gasifier. Background Technology

[0002] With the continued growth in global demand for clean energy and increasing emphasis on environmental protection, biomass energy, as a renewable, clean, and abundant energy source, is receiving increasing attention for its development and utilization. Biomass gasifiers, as key equipment in biomass energy conversion, play a crucial role in transforming biomass raw materials such as crop straw, agricultural waste, and sawdust into combustible gases. Through a series of complex chemical reactions including pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction, biomass is converted into fuel gas rich in carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and methane (CH4) within the gasifier. This fuel gas can be widely used in heating, power generation, and industrial fuel applications, playing a significant role in alleviating the energy crisis and reducing environmental pollution.

[0003] Among the various types of biomass gasifiers, fixed-bed gasifiers are commonly used in small-scale biomass gasification applications due to their relatively simple structure and ease of operation. However, during operation, especially after prolonged use, the problem of excessively high furnace temperatures leading to damage is particularly prominent. Taking a common downdraft fixed-bed gasifier as an example, the biomass feedstock is added from the top of the furnace and passes through a drying layer, a pyrolysis layer, an oxidation layer, and a reduction layer from top to bottom. In the oxidation layer, the biomass undergoes a vigorous oxidation reaction with oxygen in the air, releasing a large amount of heat, which is the main heat source in the furnace. Theoretically, the temperature in this area can reach 700℃-1200℃. In actual long-term continuous operation, due to the complexity of the reaction and uncontrollable factors, heat accumulates continuously in the furnace, causing the overall furnace temperature to exceed the normal range, thereby increasing the risk of furnace damage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to improve the service life of the gasifier, this application provides a biomass gasifier.

[0005] The biomass gasification furnace provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A biomass gasifier includes a gasifier body, a feed inlet at the upper end of the gasifier body, a gas outlet on one side of the upper part of the gasifier body, a grate installed at the lower end of the gasifier body, a slag outlet at the tail end of the grate, a water cooling device installed on the side wall of the gasifier body, the water cooling device being arranged along the height direction of the gasifier body, and an air distribution assembly for distributing air to the grate installed at the lower end of the gasifier body.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, when the gasifier body is working, the water cooling device can be used to cool and lower the temperature of the gasifier body area, so that the temperature inside the furnace body is maintained within a certain range. At the same time, cold water can be supplied to the cooling pipes, so that the cold water flows inside the outer wall of the gasifier body, thereby cooling the gasifier body and maintaining it within a suitable process temperature range. This reduces the occurrence of damage to the gasifier body and improves the service life of the gasifier.

[0007] Optionally, the air distribution assembly includes multiple air distribution chambers, which are arranged along the length of the grate and connected to the grate.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, air can be delivered to the air distribution chamber through an external blower and then enter the grate through each air distribution chamber.

[0009] Optionally, the end of the grate near the slag outlet is inclined downwards.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, it is easier for the grate to drive the fuel to move to the rear of the grate.

[0011] Optionally, the side wall of the gasifier body opposite the grate is provided with a plurality of coking holes, and the coking holes are provided with sealing components for sealing the coking holes.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, when coking inside the gasifier body affects the normal operation of the gasifier body, the sealing parts can be adjusted, and the coking parts can be broken and cleaned by using an external coking workpiece through the inspection hole.

[0013] Optionally, the sealing element is configured as a cap, which seals the upper part of the coking hole.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the coking hole can be sealed by sealing the cap.

[0015] Optionally, an inspection hole is provided on the gasifier body, and the inspection hole is located at one end of the gasifier body near the slag outlet.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the combustion state of fuel and the coking state inside the gasifier can be observed through the inspection hole.

[0017] Optionally, the lower end of the slag outlet is provided with an ash collection box.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the ash and slag after combustion can be collected and transported through the ash and slag collection box.

[0019] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By supplying cold water into the cooling pipes, the cold water flows inside the outer wall of the gasifier body, thereby cooling the gasifier body and maintaining it within a suitable process temperature range, reducing the occurrence of damage to the gasifier body and extending the service life of the gasifier. 2. When coking inside the gasifier affects the heat dissipation of the gasifier body, the sealing parts can be adjusted, and then an external workpiece can be used to break and clean the coking area through the coking hole. 3. The combustion state of the fuel and the coking state inside the gasifier can be observed through the inspection holes. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing component according to an embodiment of this application.

[0021] In the figure, 1. Gasifier body; 11. Gas outlet; 12. Feed inlet; 13. Coke hole; 14. Sealing component; 15. Inspection hole; 2. Grate; 3. Slag outlet; 4. Water cooling device; 41. Water-cooled wall tube; 5. Foundation pit; 6. Air distribution assembly; 61. Air distribution chamber; 7. Ash and slag collection box. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 2 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0023] An embodiment of this application is: a biomass gasification furnace, referring to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The system includes a gasifier body 1 mounted on the ground. A feed inlet 12 is located at the upper end of the gasifier body 1, and a gas outlet 11 is located on one side of the upper part of the gasifier body 1. A grate 2 is installed at the lower end inside the gasifier body 1. The grate 2 is a type of grate used in the prior art to propel fuel and control the gasification reaction process. It can be a fixed grate 2, a reciprocating grate 2, or a chain grate 2, etc. In this embodiment, a reciprocating grate 2 is selected.

[0024] The grate 2 is provided with a slag outlet 3 at the tail end after the fuel is completely burned, and the end of the grate 2 near the slag outlet 3 is inclined downward. A pit 5 is opened on the ground opposite the lower end of the slag outlet 3, and an ash collection box 7 is provided in the pit. The slag discharged by the grate 2 can fall into the ash collection box 7 through the slag outlet 3.

[0025] A water cooling device 4 is installed on the side wall of the gasifier body 1. The water cooling device 4 includes a plurality of water cooling wall tubes 41 arranged along the height direction of the gasifier body 1.

[0026] Furthermore, when the gasifier body 1 is working, the water cooling device 4 can be used to cool and dissipate heat in the area of ​​the gasifier body 1, so that the gasifier body 1 can be maintained within a suitable process temperature range.

[0027] An air distribution assembly 6 for distributing air to the grate 2 is installed at the lower end of the gasifier body 1. The air distribution assembly 6 includes multiple air distribution chambers 61, which are mounted on the ground. The multiple air distribution chambers 61 are arranged along the length of the grate 2 and are connected to the grate 2. A blower for conveying air into the air distribution chamber 61 is connected to the air distribution chamber 61. The blower is not shown in the figure.

[0028] Multiple coking holes 13 are provided on the side wall of the gasifier body 1 opposite to the grate 2, and sealing elements 14 for sealing the coking holes 13 are provided on the coking holes 13. In this embodiment, the sealing element 14 is set as a cap, which seals the upper part of the coking hole 13.

[0029] Furthermore, when coking inside the gasifier body 1 affects its normal operation, the sealing component 14 can be adjusted, and an external workpiece can be used to break and clean the coking area through the coking hole 13. At the same time, in order to facilitate observation of the coking state inside the gasifier, an inspection hole 15 is provided on the gasifier body 1, which is located at the end of the gasifier body 1 near the slag outlet 3.

[0030] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A biomass gasification furnace, comprising a gasification furnace body (1), wherein a feed inlet (12) is provided at the upper end of the gasification furnace body (1), characterized in that, A gas outlet (11) is provided on one side of the upper part of the gasifier body (1). A grate (2) is installed at the lower end of the gasifier body (1). A slag outlet (3) is provided at the tail end of the grate (2) after fuel combustion. A water cooling device (4) is installed on the side wall of the gasifier body (1). The water cooling device (4) is arranged along the height direction of the gasifier body (1). An air distribution component (6) for distributing air to the grate (2) is installed at the lower end of the gasifier body (1).

2. The biomass gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air distribution assembly (6) includes multiple air distribution chambers (61), which are arranged along the length of the grate (2) and connected to the grate (2).

3. A biomass gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grate (2) is inclined downward at the end near the slag outlet (3).

4. A biomass gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gasifier body (1) opposite the grate (2) has multiple slag holes (13) on its side wall, and the slag holes (13) are provided with sealing parts (14) for sealing the slag holes (13).

5. A biomass gasification furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sealing element (14) is configured as a cap, which seals the upper part of the coking hole (13).

6. A biomass gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, An inspection hole (15) is provided on the gasifier body (1), and the inspection hole (15) is located at one end of the gasifier body (1) near the slag outlet (3).

7. A biomass gasification furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the slag outlet (3) is provided with an ash collection box (7).

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