An external dynamic heat preservation device for an aluminum electrolysis cell shell

Abstract

The utility model relates to aluminium electrolysis equipment technical field, concretely is a kind of aluminium electrolysis cell shell outside dynamic heat preservation device, including the heat preservation layer fender being arranged on the two long side walls of aluminium electrolysis cell shell, still including multiple U-shaped supports being equidistantly arranged in the length direction of aluminium electrolysis cell shell long side wall, dynamic pressing mechanism and elastic reset mechanism being arranged on support;Heat preservation layer fender is equipped with multiple and with multiple support one-to-one correspondence, dynamic pressing mechanism and elastic reset mechanism are used in conjunction with and all act on heat preservation layer fender. Through the dynamic balance design of spring steel sheet applied thrust and auxiliary spring applied tension, normal working condition can make heat preservation material closely adhere to shell;When shell is overheated due to abnormal working condition, weld point is quickly melted, drives fender to move along guide rod and forms heat dissipation gap, heat dissipation response time is fast, solves the existing technology static heat preservation cannot be adjusted, emergency heat dissipation slow lag problem, avoids the steel strength sudden drop caused by shell overtemperature, inner lining damage risk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis equipment, specifically to a dynamic heat preservation device for the exterior of an aluminum electrolysis cell shell, which is particularly suitable for adaptive temperature control of the shell of a prebaked anode aluminum electrolysis cell. Background Technology

[0002] In the aluminum electrolysis production process, the thermal balance control of the electrolytic cell directly affects the energy utilization efficiency and equipment operation safety. On the one hand, heat loss from the cell shell accounts for 15%-20% of the total energy consumption of electrolysis; efficient insulation can reduce cell voltage fluctuations and minimize energy waste. On the other hand, the electrolytic cell is prone to localized overheating due to abnormal operating conditions such as the anode effect and uneven feeding. If the cell shell temperature exceeds 400℃ (the maximum allowable temperature for steel), it will cause a sharp drop in the strength of the steel, leading to safety risks such as lining damage and leakage. Therefore, the insulation device must meet the dual requirements of energy saving and safe heat dissipation.

[0003] Existing aluminum electrolysis cell insulation technologies mostly employ static sealing structures. For example, Chinese utility model patent CN 205258627U discloses an aluminum electrolysis cell insulation device. Its technical solution consists of multiple cell cover plates, each fixed around its perimeter by welding square aluminum tubes, with supports mounted on the cell body. The cover plates have double-layered thin aluminum plates on both the inner and outer sides, with an outer layer of insulation cloth made from recycled filter bags. This device reduces heat loss through the double-layered structure of the cover plates and insulation cloth, effectively addressing the problem of excessive heat dissipation associated with traditional single-layer cover plates, thus achieving energy savings.

[0004] However, it still has certain shortcomings: 1. The insulation state cannot be dynamically adjusted, and it is a typical one-time insulation structure. Although it can reduce heat dissipation under normal operating conditions, when the temperature exceeds the limit abnormally, the fixed tank cover and insulation cloth will form a thermal barrier trap, which will prevent heat from being dissipated in time and increase the risk of thermal damage to the tank shell; 2. The emergency heat dissipation response is delayed. It is necessary to manually remove the insulation cloth or tank cover to dissipate heat, which is time-consuming and far from meeting the instantaneous temperature rise requirements of abnormal operating conditions such as the anode effect of the electrolytic cell (the temperature of the tank shell can exceed 400℃ within 10 minutes).

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need for a dynamic insulation device that can automatically switch between insulation and heat dissipation states based on the temperature of the tank shell and respond quickly, thereby ensuring energy-saving effects while avoiding the risk of overheating. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dynamic heat preservation device for the external shell of an aluminum electrolysis cell, which solves the problems mentioned in the prior art in the background section.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a dynamic heat preservation device for the outer shell of an aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising heat preservation layer plates disposed on the two long side walls of the aluminum electrolytic cell shell, and further comprising multiple U-shaped supports equidistantly disposed along the length of the long side walls of the aluminum electrolytic cell shell, a dynamic pressing mechanism and an elastic reset mechanism disposed on the supports; the heat preservation layer plates are provided in multiple ways and correspond one-to-one with the multiple supports, and the dynamic pressing mechanism and the elastic reset mechanism are used in combination and both act on the heat preservation layer plates.

[0008] Furthermore, the dynamic pressing mechanism includes a horizontally opened groove in the middle of one side of the insulation layer protective plate and a spring steel sheet on the corresponding support side; one end of the spring steel sheet is provided with a slider adapted to the groove, and the slider can slide horizontally in the groove.

[0009] Furthermore, the elastic reset mechanism includes two guide rods disposed on the insulation layer protective plate and located on one side of the slide groove, and a spring sleeved on the guide rods; the two guide rods are arranged vertically and are slidably connected to their corresponding brackets, and the two ends of the spring are fixed between the insulation layer protective plate and the bracket.

[0010] Furthermore, the insulation layer is provided with U-shaped protrusions that are adapted to the reinforcing ribs on the long side wall of the aluminum electrolytic cell shell.

[0011] Furthermore, a limit block is detachably connected to the end of the guide rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the other end of the spring steel sheet is provided with a positioning block that is compatible with the bracket.

[0013] This utility model, through structural optimization, has the following beneficial effects: 1. Achieve adaptive temperature control of the aluminum electrolysis cell shell, balancing heat preservation and energy saving with safe heat dissipation: This invention employs a dynamic balance design that balances the pushing force applied by the spring steel sheet and the pulling force applied by the auxiliary spring. Under normal operating conditions, this design ensures that the insulation material adheres tightly to the tank shell, effectively blocking heat loss and reducing heat dissipation. When the tank shell overheats due to abnormal operating conditions (exceeding the maximum allowable temperature of steel by 400°C), the low-melting-point alloy welds melt rapidly. After the slider is unlocked, the spring steel sheet elastically resets, and the auxiliary spring contracts, causing the protective plate to move along the guide rod to form a heat dissipation gap. This design provides a fast heat dissipation response time, solving the problems of static insulation being unadjustable and slow emergency heat dissipation in existing technologies (such as CN205258627U). It also avoids the risk of a sudden drop in steel strength and damage to the lining caused by overheating of the tank shell. 2. Improve insulation reliability and reduce insulation performance degradation caused by vibration: Existing technologies rely on the interlocking structure of the insulation cloth and the cover plate. However, the vibration during operation of the electrolytic cell can easily create gaps, resulting in a reduction of more than 30% in the insulation effect. This invention uses the U-shaped protrusion at the bottom of the protective plate to engage with the reinforcing ribs of the tank shell, combined with the continuous pre-tightening force of the spring steel sheet, to ensure that the insulation material and the tank shell are always tightly attached, even under the vibration conditions of the electrolytic cell. At the same time, the insulation material is wrapped in aluminum skin (which facilitates the subsequent separation of the insulation material from the protective plate and effectively eliminates the problem of excessively high temperature at individual points), and is fixed with high-temperature ceramic adhesive to further prevent the insulation material from falling off or shifting, reduce the rate of insulation effect attenuation, and improve the long-term insulation reliability. 3. Reduce maintenance costs and enable equipment reuse: In existing technologies, the insulation cloth or trough cover plate needs to be replaced entirely after damage, resulting in high maintenance costs. This utility model features a resettable structure. After abnormal heat dissipation, only manual pushing of the guard plate to return the slider to its position and re-welding of the low-melting-point alloy weld points are required to restore the dynamic balance state, without the need for complete disassembly or replacement of the main body of the device. At the same time, the core components such as spring steel sheets and auxiliary springs have excellent fatigue resistance, requiring only periodic inspection and partial replacement of vulnerable parts, reducing maintenance costs and improving equipment utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front view of the present utility model; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the insulation layer protective panel of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the spring steel sheet of this utility model.

[0015] In the diagram: 1. Aluminum electrolytic cell shell; 2. Insulation layer protective plate; 3. Support; 4. Slide; 5. Spring steel sheet; 6. Slider; 7. Guide rod; 8. Spring; 9. Protrusion; 10. Limiting block; 11. Positioning block. Detailed Implementation

[0016] This utility model discloses a dynamic heat preservation device for the external shell of an aluminum electrolytic cell. Using the aluminum electrolytic cell shell 1 as the installation base, it is equipped with multiple heat preservation layer plates 2 adapted to the long sidewalls of the shell, multiple U-shaped supports 3 evenly distributed along the length of the shell, a dynamic clamping mechanism for dynamically limiting the heat preservation layer plates 2, and an elastic reset mechanism to assist in the movement of the plates. This allows the heat preservation layer plates 2 to maintain tight heat preservation during normal operation of the aluminum electrolytic cell, reducing heat loss through the sidewalls. When the anode effect becomes uncontrolled, causing abnormally high temperatures in the shell, the heat preservation layer plates 2 can detach from the shell to quickly release the heat preservation constraint, allowing the shell to dissipate heat directly and avoid overload damage. This device achieves adaptive switching between heat preservation and heat dissipation conditions through the coordinated operation of the dynamic clamping mechanism and the elastic reset mechanism. The following description, in conjunction with the attached... Figure 1-5 The present invention will be further described below: First, it is necessary to complete the material verification and compatibility confirmation of each component to ensure that each component meets the high-temperature operating requirements of the aluminum electrolysis cell. The insulation layer liner 2 is made of high-temperature resistant steel plate (such as Q345R heat-resistant steel, 8-12mm thick, combining strength and heat resistance). The U-shaped protrusions 9 on its surface are perfectly matched with the reinforcing ribs (usually Q235B carbon steel) on the long side wall of the aluminum electrolytic cell shell 1. The height of the protrusions is consistent with the thickness of the reinforcing ribs (generally 15-20mm), ensuring precise engagement and limiting horizontal displacement of the liner after assembly. The U-shaped bracket 3 (frame) is made of aluminum alloy (fast heat transfer, quickly conducting temperature changes in the cell shell). The opening width is 2-3mm higher than the side wall height of the cell shell 1, ensuring tight engagement without squeezing the cell shell. The spring steel sheet 5 of the dynamic pressing mechanism is made of 65Mn spring steel (3-5mm thick, 20-30mm wide). This material combines high elasticity and high temperature resistance (can withstand short-term high temperatures above 800℃). The slider at one end of it... 6. The spring steel sheet is integrally stamped (material is the same as the steel sheet). The slider size is adapted to the slide groove 4 (the slide groove width is 0.3-0.5mm larger than the slider, and the length is 80-100mm, ensuring smooth slider sliding without excessive wobbling). The guide rod 7 of the elastic reset mechanism is made of 310S high-temperature resistant stainless steel (diameter 12-16mm, length 100-120mm), with a straightness error ≤0.2mm / m, to avoid jamming of the guard plate movement. The spring 8 is a high-temperature resistant alloy spring (material is Inconel718, elastic coefficient 50-80N / mm, temperature resistance ≥800℃), ensuring that it can stretch and store force under normal conditions and quickly retract to drive the guard plate under abnormal conditions. The limit block 10 and the positioning block 11 are both made of 304 stainless steel (thickness 10-15mm). The former is used to limit the displacement of the guide rod, and the latter ensures the stable connection between the spring steel sheet and the bracket. At the same time, suitable insulation materials are selected (such as high-density aluminum silicate cotton board, density 120-150kg / m³). 3 Thickness 50-80mm, long-term operating temperature ≤1000℃; or ceramic fiber felt, density 96kg / m³3 The insulation material is 60mm thick and has a thermal conductivity as low as 0.12W / (m・K). First, the insulation material is wrapped in aluminum skin (to facilitate the subsequent separation of the insulation material from the protective plate, and to effectively eliminate the problem of excessive temperature at individual points). Then, the insulation material wrapped in aluminum skin is attached and fixed to the side of the insulation layer protective plate 2 facing the groove shell 1 using high-temperature ceramic adhesive (temperature resistance ≥1200℃, bonding strength ≥1.5MPa). When attaching, it is necessary to ensure that the insulation material completely covers the effective area of ​​the protective plate, and the insulation material wrapped in aluminum skin should also be pasted in the U-shaped protrusion 9 with a reserved space to avoid obstructing the engagement of the protrusion and the reinforcing rib. After attachment, let it stand for 24 hours to allow the adhesive to fully cure.

[0017] After completing the preliminary preparations, prioritize the installation and fixing of the U-shaped bracket (3) to ensure that the assembly benchmarks of subsequent components are consistent. Adjust the spacing according to the position of the cradle frame on the tank shell. Usually, one bracket is set every 1.5-2.0m (e.g., 5-6 brackets are set for a 10m long tank shell, and 6-7 brackets are set for a 12m long tank shell), and ensure that the installation height of all brackets is consistent. Align the open end of the U-shaped bracket 3 with the cradle frame on the long side wall of the tank shell 1, and slowly snap it in until the inner side wall of the bracket is completely in contact with the outer wall of the cradle frame. At this time, use an electric drill (equipped with a high-speed steel drill bit) to position the bracket at the preset mounting hole (diameter 14mm) and the preset threaded hole on the outer wall of the cradle frame (or the M12 stainless steel nut welded on the cradle frame). Select M12×30 304 stainless steel high-temperature resistant bolts (with spring washers and anti-loosening nuts), and tighten the bolts with a torque wrench. Control the tightening torque at 30-40N・m (too small a torque may cause the bracket to loosen, and too large a torque may squeeze and deform the tank shell). After assembly, use a level to check the levelness of each bracket to ensure that the error is ≤1°; at the same time, shake the bracket by hand to confirm that there is no obvious displacement or looseness. If there is a deviation, loosen the bolts, adjust the position of the bracket, and then tighten it again.

[0018] Next, the insulation layer protective plate 2 and the elastic reset mechanism are assembled. This step directly affects the smoothness and stability of the protective plate's movement. First, the guide rod 7 is fixed at the pre-set mounting holes on the insulation layer protective plate 2 (located on one side of the slide groove 4, vertically symmetrically distributed, with a center-to-center distance of 50-60mm between the two holes, and the hole diameter is 0.5mm larger than the guide rod diameter). If welding is used for fixing, stainless steel welding wire (such as ER310S) matching the material of the guide rod is selected. One end of the guide rod is welded to the protective plate by argon arc welding, with the welding current controlled at 120-150A and the welding time 3-5 seconds. Seconds / points, ensure the weld height is ≥5mm, free of pores or cracks. After welding, grind the weld with an angle grinder until smooth to avoid affecting spring installation. If using threaded connection, first tap an M14 internal thread at the mounting hole of the guard plate, and machine one end of the guide rod into a matching external thread (thread length 20mm). Apply high-temperature resistant thread-locking adhesive (temperature resistance ≥300℃) and screw the guide rod into the threaded hole of the guard plate. After tightening, the exposed rod length should be 80-100mm. Ensure the guide rod is perpendicular to the surface of the guard plate (perpendicularity error ≤0.5°, which can be checked with a right-angle ruler). Install one spring 8 on each guide rod 7, with one end of the spring 8 in contact with the surface of the guard plate. To prevent the spring from slipping, weld a 20mm diameter circular positioning piece (material same as the guard plate) at the corresponding position on the guard plate. Align the center of the positioning piece with the axis of the guide rod and place one end of the spring against the positioning piece to achieve initial positioning. Next, with the side of the insulation layer cover plate 2 with the guide rod 7 facing the fixed U-shaped bracket 3, slowly push the cover plate so that the free end of the guide rod passes through the corresponding guide hole on the bracket (the hole diameter is 0.8mm larger than the guide rod diameter) until the spring 8 is slightly compressed (compression amount 5-8mm). Install the limiting block 10 at the end of the guide rod 7 (the part that protrudes from the bracket): the limiting block has a preset internal thread (M14), apply a small amount of high-temperature resistant grease (temperature resistance ≥200℃) and screw it into the end of the guide rod; then manually push the insulation layer cover plate 2 to test the smoothness of the cover plate's movement along the direction of the guide rod 7, ensuring that there is no jamming or stuck phenomenon; if there is jamming, check the straightness of the guide rod or the position of the guide hole of the bracket, adjust and retest.

[0019] After assembling the elastic reset mechanism, connect the insulation layer liner 2 to the dynamic pressing mechanism. This step is crucial for switching between normal insulation and abnormal heat dissipation. Select the prepared spring steel sheet 5, whose positioning block 11 at one end is an integrally stamped U-shaped structure. Align the positioning block 11 with the preset slot of the U-shaped bracket 3 (0.2mm larger than the positioning block and 8mm deeper). Slowly press to fully embed the positioning block 11 into the slot, achieving an interference fit (after embedding, pull the spring steel sheet by hand to confirm there is no looseness). If further reinforcement is needed, spot welding can be performed at the contact point between the positioning block 11 and the bracket slot (use ER50-6 welding wire, welding current 90-110A, weld diameter 3-4mm, 2-3 welds, avoiding too many welds that could affect the elasticity of the steel sheet). Adjust the other end of the spring steel sheet 5 so that the slider 6 (15mm×10mm×5mm) is aligned with the opening end of the groove 4 of the insulation layer liner 2 (located at the end of the groove 4 away from the support 3, which can accommodate the slider 6 to move in and out). Slowly push the slider 6 into the groove 4. Then manually push the insulation layer liner 2 to fit against the side wall of the groove shell, and bend the spring steel sheet 5 to move the slider 6 along the groove 4 towards one end of the support 3 until the slider 6 reaches one end of the groove 4 support 3. At this time, use a low melting point alloy (such as bismuth-tin eutectic alloy solder or Wood's alloy) with a melting point of 220-240°C that matches the materials of the insulation layer liner 2 and the slider 6 to fix the joint. Weld the slider 6 to the end of the groove 4 by arc welding, with the welding current controlled at 100-120A and the weld area ≥10mm². 2 (For example, welded into a crescent shape, 15mm long and 8mm wide), ensuring the weld strength meets the limit requirements under normal working conditions (a tensile test is required after welding, applying a horizontal tensile force of 500N; the weld should not crack or fall off). When the insulation layer protective plate 2 is attached to the side wall of the groove shell, the spring 8 is stretched. After welding, use a wire brush to clean the weld slag at the weld point and check the fit clearance between the slider 6 and the slide 4 to ensure there is no jamming caused by weld slag. The aforementioned spring steel sheet 5 must quickly return to its original position without permanent deformation.

[0020] After the overall assembly of the device is completed, it enters the normal insulation operation stage. At this time, the spring 8 of the elastic reset mechanism is in a continuously stretched pre-tightened state, applying a pulling force towards the support 3 to the insulation layer liner 2 through its elastic force. Meanwhile, the spring steel sheet 5, due to being bent, applies a pushing force towards the tank shell to the insulation layer liner 2. Under normal conditions, the pushing force of the spring steel sheet 5 must be greater than the pulling force of the spring 8, so that the insulation layer liner 2 drives the insulation material to fit tightly against the long side wall of the tank shell (fitting gap ≤ 1mm). At the same time, the U-shaped protrusion 9 of the insulation layer liner 2 precisely engages with the reinforcing rib of the tank shell 1, fixing the position of the liner 2 horizontally and ensuring that the insulation material covers the side wall of the tank shell without gaps. In this state, the insulation material can effectively prevent heat from the tank from escaping outward through the side wall.

[0021] When the aluminum electrolysis cell experiences uncontrolled anode effect, the electrolyte temperature inside the cell rises sharply and is conducted to the cell shell 1, causing the temperature of the long side wall of the cell shell to exceed 400℃ (the maximum allowable temperature of steel). At this point, the device automatically activates a dynamic heat dissipation response. First, the high temperature transmitted from the cell shell heats the low-melting-point alloy weld joints at the ends of the slider 6 and the slide 4. Because the melting point of the low-melting-point alloy weld is lower than the abnormal temperature (400℃) of the tank shell but higher than the normal operating temperature, the weld melts rapidly, and the slider 6 loses its limiting constraint. Immediately afterwards, the spring steel sheet 5, under its own elastic restoring force (approximately 300-500N), pushes the slider 6 along the slide groove 4 towards the end away from the support 3, until the slider 6 reaches the other end of the slide groove 4, releasing the pushing force on the insulation layer protective plate 2. Subsequently, the spring 8 of the elastic reset mechanism rapidly contracts from its stretched state, generating a pulling force (approximately 200-300N) away from the tank shell, causing the insulation layer protective plate 2 to move along the axis of the guide rod 7. Finally, the protective plate 2, along with the aluminum-clad insulation material, simultaneously detaches from the long side wall of the tank shell 1, forming a 100-150mm... The heat dissipation gaps allow the tank shell sidewalls to be directly exposed to the air, enabling rapid cooling through air convection and radiation. This prevents the tank shell from deforming or cracking due to overload caused by high temperatures (above 400°C), and also prevents the anode effect from becoming uncontrolled and further aggravated.

[0022] Once the aluminum electrolysis cell malfunction is resolved, the cell temperature returns to the normal operating range (940-960℃), and the temperature of the cell shell sidewall drops below 300℃, the device needs to be reset for reuse. First, wearing high-temperature resistant gloves (≥500℃), manually push the insulation layer guard plate 2 slowly along the guide rod 7 towards the cell shell 1, keeping the guard plate horizontal until the insulation material re-adheres to the cell shell sidewall. At this point, the spring 8 is stretched to its pre-tightened state (the pre-tightening amount is consistent with the initial assembly). Then, gently pry the spring steel plate 5 with a wrench to adjust the position of the slider 6, allowing it to slide back along the slide groove 4 to its initial end (the end closest to the bracket 3). Select welding wire matching the original weld point and re-weld the slider 6 and slide groove 4 according to the initial welding parameters. After welding, check the weld quality to ensure there are no incomplete welds or missed welds.

[0023] During the resetting process, a comprehensive inspection of the status of each component is required: check whether the positioning block 11 and the U-shaped bracket 3 are tightly engaged. If there is any looseness, they need to be re-pressed and engaged or spot welded. Check the elasticity of the spring 8. If the spring 8 is permanently deformed (cannot return to its original length after stretching) or broken, it needs to be replaced with a high-temperature alloy spring of the same model. Check whether the guide rod 7 is bent. If the straightness error exceeds 0.2mm / m, it needs to be replaced with a 310S stainless steel guide rod. If the insulation material is damaged or aged during the detachment process (such as surface cracking or a reduction in thickness of more than 10%), the old insulation material and residual high-temperature ceramic adhesive must be removed with a utility knife. The surface of the protective plate should be sanded smooth. Then, according to the initial assembly method, apply high-temperature ceramic adhesive and attach the new insulation material. Let it stand for 24 hours for the adhesive to cure before it can be put back into normal operation.

[0024] This device operates on a core cycle of normal heat preservation, abnormal heat dissipation, and fault reset. Utilizing the synergistic effect of a dynamic clamping mechanism and an elastic reset mechanism, it achieves adaptive switching between heat preservation and heat dissipation under different operating conditions of the aluminum electrolysis cell. The specific working process is as follows: 1. When the aluminum electrolysis cell is within the normal operating temperature range of 940-960℃, the device enters a stable heat preservation state, and the core components work together to achieve heat insulation: the spring 8 of the elastic reset mechanism is in a continuously stretched pre-tightened state, applying a pulling force away from the cell shell to the insulation layer liner 2; at the same time, the spring steel sheet 5 of the dynamic pressing mechanism, due to the bending during the initial assembly, applies a pushing force towards the cell shell to the insulation layer liner. Since the pushing force of the spring steel sheet 5 is greater than the pulling force of the spring 8, the insulation layer liner 2 is firmly pushed against the long side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell shell 1, causing the insulation material attached to the inner side of the liner to come into close contact with the outer wall of the cell shell.

[0025] 2. The U-shaped protrusions on the insulation layer 2 precisely engage with the reinforcing ribs on the long sidewall of the tank shell, limiting the horizontal displacement of the insulation layer 2 and preventing vibrations during the operation of the aluminum electrolysis cell from causing the insulation layer 2 to shift or the insulation material to detach. The adhered insulation material effectively blocks the heat from the electrolyte inside the cell from being conducted outward through the sidewall of the tank shell, reducing heat loss and ensuring a stable temperature environment for the aluminum electrolysis cell to operate.

[0026] 3. When the aluminum electrolysis cell experiences uncontrolled anode effect, the electrolyte temperature inside the cell rises sharply and is conducted to the cell shell, causing the temperature of the long side wall of the cell shell to exceed 400℃ (the maximum allowable temperature of steel). The device then triggers a dynamic heat dissipation mechanism, automatically releasing the insulation constraint: the weld points at the ends of the slider 6 and the slide 4 are made of low-melting-point alloy, with a melting point lower than the abnormal temperature of the cell shell (400℃) but higher than the normal operating temperature. At this time, the high temperature causes the low-melting-point alloy weld points to melt rapidly, and the slider 6 loses its welding limit, allowing it to slide freely along the slide 6. Under the action of its own elastic restoring force (65Mn steel has strong elastic restoring properties and no permanent deformation), the spring steel sheet 5 pushes the slider 4 to slide rapidly along the slide 6 away from the U-shaped support 3 (aluminum alloy material, fast heat transfer) until the slider 4 reaches the end of the slide 6, releasing the thrust on the insulation layer 2 towards the cell shell. At this moment, spring 8 rapidly contracts from its stretched state, generating a pulling force away from the tank shell. This causes the insulation layer liner 2 to move outward along guide rod 8, ultimately creating a 100-150mm heat dissipation gap between the insulation layer liner 2 and the long side wall of the aluminum electrolysis tank shell 1. The tank shell side wall is directly exposed to the air, rapidly releasing excess heat through air convection and thermal radiation. This prevents the tank shell from deforming or cracking due to high temperatures (above 400℃), while simultaneously suppressing further aggression of the uncontrolled anode effect and ensuring the safety of the main structure of the aluminum electrolysis tank.

[0027] 4. After the aluminum electrolysis cell malfunction is resolved, the cell temperature returns to the normal range, and the temperature of the cell shell sidewall drops below 300℃, the device needs to be reset to restore its insulation capacity. Operators, wearing heat-resistant gloves, should slowly push the insulation layer plate 2 towards one side of the aluminum electrolysis cell shell 1 along the guide rod 8, keeping the plate moving horizontally (avoiding jamming), until the insulation material inside the plate re-adheres to the outer wall of the cell shell. At this point, the spring 8 will be stretched to its pre-tightened state again. Use a wrench to pry the spring steel plate 5 and adjust the position of the slider 6, allowing it to slide along the slide groove 4 to the initial end near the U-shaped bracket. Use welding wire matching the original weld point to re-weld and fix the slider to the end of the slide groove.

[0028] 5. Periodic shutdowns are required for a comprehensive inspection of the insulation device. Inspect the U-shaped bracket 3 and the aluminum electrolysis cell shell 1, ensuring the bolts are secure and the bracket 3's levelness error is ≤1°. If loose, retighten. Check spring 8 for permanent deformation or breakage, and guide rod 8 for bending; replace with the same model if abnormal. Inspect the insulation material for surface cracks or reduced thickness; if present, remove old material and residual high-temperature ceramic adhesive with a utility knife, sand the protective plate, and re-attach new insulation material. Allow to stand for 24 hours for the adhesive to fully cure. After resetting, the device returns to normal insulation operation, awaiting the next work cycle.

Claims

1. A dynamic heat preservation device for the outer shell of an aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising heat preservation layer plates (2) disposed on the two long side walls of the aluminum electrolytic cell shell (1), characterized in that, It also includes multiple U-shaped supports (3) equidistantly arranged along the length of the long side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell shell (1), a dynamic pressing mechanism and an elastic reset mechanism provided on the supports (3); the insulation layer protective plate (2) is provided with multiple supports (3) one by one, and the dynamic pressing mechanism and the elastic reset mechanism are used in combination and both act on the insulation layer protective plate (2).

2. The dynamic heat preservation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic pressing mechanism includes a horizontal groove (4) opened in the middle of one side of the insulation layer guard plate (2) and a spring steel plate (5) provided on one side of the corresponding bracket (3); one end of the spring steel plate (5) is provided with a slider (6) adapted to the groove (4), and the slider (6) can slide horizontally in the groove (4).

3. The dynamic heat preservation device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic reset mechanism includes two guide rods (7) on the insulation layer guard plate (2) and located on one side of the slide groove (4) and a spring (8) sleeved on the guide rods (7); the two guide rods (7) are arranged vertically and are slidably connected to the corresponding brackets (3), and the two ends of the spring (8) are fixed between the insulation layer guard plate (2) and the brackets (3).

4. The dynamic heat preservation device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The insulation layer protective plate (2) is provided with a U-shaped protrusion (9) that matches the reinforcing ribs on the long side wall of the aluminum electrolytic cell shell (1).

5. The dynamic heat preservation device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The guide rod (7) is detachably connected to a limiting block (10) at its end.

6. The dynamic heat preservation device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The other end of the spring steel sheet (5) is provided with a positioning block (11) that is compatible with the bracket (3).

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