Prefabricated base plate and track bed applying the same

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of vibration and noise control technology of rail transit, concretely relates to a prefabricated base plate and track bed applying it. The utility model discloses surface layer prefabricated plate body, the inside setting of surface layer prefabricated plate body steel reinforcement framework, surface layer prefabricated plate body lower portion and steel reinforcement framework integration setting bottom layer external reinforcement cage. The utility model discloses prefabricated base plate, occupies small space, is favorable to optimizing the design and arrangement of track bed structure, the track bed of application the utility model prefabricated base plate, and the damping effect is good, and the construction efficiency is high, and the construction period is short, and the project quality is more guaranteed, and the later maintenance adjustment is convenient, is favorable to prolonging the service life of track bed system, and the economy, environmental protection and applicability have obtained the substantial promotion, can be widely applied in the damping engineering of subway, ground light rail etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of vibration and noise control of rail transit, and particularly relates to a prefabricated base plate and a slab track bed structure using this prefabricated base plate. Background Technology

[0002] Vibration and noise are widely recognized as one of the most widespread forms of public pollution, and a pressing problem that has hindered the development of rail transit in recent years. Among existing vibration and noise reduction technologies for rail transit, the floating slab track technology has been the most successful in practical application, boasting high vibration isolation efficiency and stable performance, a consensus within the industry. Traditionally, the track bed and foundation are integrated. The floating slab track divides the entire track bed into two parts: the foundation and the floating slab. The floating slab is supported on the foundation by elastic elements. Therefore, the floating slab system requires a high degree of flatness of the foundation near the supporting elements such as steel spring vibration isolators and elastic pads, needing to reach 2mm / m², while the elevation error is controlled within 0 to -5mm. Currently, the foundation is constructed using on-site casting. Due to limitations imposed by the construction site environment, the complexity of the construction process, and the high skill requirements of the construction personnel, large local errors often appear on the foundation surface, failing to meet the design requirements for flatness and elevation. Rework and repairs are frequent, significantly hindering the construction speed of floating slab sections.

[0003] Furthermore, the traditional floating slab track design uses a horizontal base and inclined floating slabs in curved sections. This approach has revealed several shortcomings, primarily: different reinforcement for each floating slab, a wide variety of vibration damping products required, inconvenient production and installation, long design and construction cycles, low efficiency, and high costs. To overcome these shortcomings, setting superelevation on the base has become a standard practice in floating slab track design in recent years. However, this technical solution has encountered new problems in practice: in transition curves, the superelevation value (along the transverse direction of the track) changes linearly, while the track itself has a slope (along the longitudinal direction of the track), making the base surface of the transition curve theoretically a curved surface. Because the on-site casting of the base is relatively rough, and concrete tends to flow downwards during the construction of the inclined base, these unfavorable factors often result in the base completed on-site in curved sections failing to meet design requirements. Either the elevation error exceeds the standard range of 0 to -5 mm, or the transverse slope does not meet requirements, with errors sometimes reaching ±30 mm.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, technicians have developed a precast foundation slab technology for track beds. A typical example is described in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN103669114A, which utilizes precast foundation slabs manufactured in a factory on the ground. During application, the height of the precast foundation slabs is first adjusted, and then concrete or grout is densely filled into the gap between the precast foundation slabs and the track bed structure foundation surface. Track bed foundations constructed using precast foundation slabs exhibit small errors, high precision, and require less on-site pouring. Construction is simple and quick, and key indicators such as the flatness and lateral slope of the foundation can be effectively controlled using the precast foundation slabs. This significantly reduces the difficulty of on-site construction, greatly improves construction efficiency, and reduces waste caused by secondary processing or rework. Its economic efficiency, practicality, and applicability are excellent, and it can be widely used for tunnel foundation construction in straight sections, curved sections, and transition curve sections. However, in practice, it has been found that, on the one hand, in order to ensure the strength of the precast track bed base slab, a steel cage must be installed in the precast track bed base slab. Therefore, the thickness of the precast track bed base slab is relatively thick, and the track bed base structure it forms requires a large space. On the other hand, the filling and fixing layer between the precast track bed base slab and the track bed structure foundation surface also needs a certain thickness to ensure the connection strength. Therefore, in application environments with specific dimensions such as tunnels, when the track bed base structure occupies a large space, it will inevitably affect the arrangement of other components in the track bed structure. For example, the thickness of the track slab will be limited. When applied to elastic floating track beds, the limited size of the track slab will directly affect the vibration-conducting mass, and thus affect the vibration reduction effect of the entire system. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned defects and provide a prefabricated base plate that occupies less space, has a fast construction speed, and whose product quality is easy to guarantee.

[0006] The prefabricated base plate provided by this utility model is implemented as follows: it includes a surface prefabricated slab, the interior of which is provided with a steel reinforcement skeleton, and the lower part of the surface prefabricated slab is integrally provided with a bottom external steel reinforcement cage with the steel reinforcement skeleton.

[0007] Preferably, the surface precast slab is made of high-strength concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete, or ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC).

[0008] If necessary, a horizontal limiting structure can be provided on the surface precast slab, which includes a horizontal limiting post, a horizontal limiting hole, or a horizontal limiting groove; in addition, a positioning structure for positioning elastic elements can be provided on the top surface of the surface precast slab, which includes a positioning groove, a positioning hole, or a positioning shoulder; furthermore, to improve the strength of key load-bearing parts, a local steel reinforcement structure can be provided in the steel reinforcement cage corresponding to the horizontal limiting structure or / and the positioning structure; fourth, to facilitate connection and fixation with the substructure, the lower surface of the surface precast slab is roughened or provided with a shear-resistant protrusion and concave structure.

[0009] The precast base slab provided by this utility model may also include a height adjustment device, which is installed on the surface precast slab and / or the bottom external reinforcing cage. The specific structural form of the height adjustment device can be varied, including height adjustment wedges, or anchors with threaded holes and height adjustment threaded rods, etc.

[0010] To facilitate the fixing of the precast base plate to the track bed structure foundation surface using self-leveling filler material, grouting through holes can be provided on the surface precast slab. Additionally, grout outlet holes can also be provided on the surface precast slab.

[0011] Another objective of this utility model is to provide a track bed using the prefabricated base plate described above, including a track slab and supporting elements. The supporting elements are disposed between the prefabricated base plate and the track slab. A self-leveling filling material is used to fill and fix the gap between the bottom external steel reinforcement cage at the lower part of the prefabricated base plate and the foundation surface of the track bed structure.

[0012] The supporting element includes a height adjustment element and / or an elastic element. The height adjustment element includes a height adjustment pad or a mortar bag, and the elastic element includes an elastic pad or a spring vibration isolator.

[0013] The track plate is provided with corresponding horizontal limiting posts, horizontal limiting holes, or horizontal limiting grooves on the prefabricated base plate, with the horizontal limiting posts embedded within them. Furthermore, an elastic limiting layer can be provided in the gap between the horizontal limiting posts and the horizontal limiting holes or grooves.

[0014] Observation holes are provided on the track slab corresponding to the grouting holes or grout outlet holes set on the prefabricated base plate.

[0015] The track plate has a clearance through hole corresponding to the height adjustment threaded rod set on the prefabricated base plate.

[0016] When the elastic element is an elastic pad, the longitudinal gaps on both sides and the transverse gaps at both ends between the track plate and the prefabricated base plate are sealed by elastic sealing pads, and the surface stiffness of the elastic sealing pad is less than that of the elastic pad.

[0017] This utility model's prefabricated base slab, by featuring an exposed bottom external reinforcing cage, offers several advantages. Firstly, its overall thickness is thinner, lighter, and easier to transport, facilitating optimized track bed design and layout. Secondly, it allows for prefabrication in a factory, ensuring higher product quality. In application, because the bottom external reinforcing cage is exposed without a direct concrete protective layer, the self-leveling filler material between the bottom external reinforcing cage and the track bed foundation surface serves both as a fixing layer in traditional track beds and as a protective layer for the bottom external reinforcing cage in traditional base slabs. This allows the filling and fixing layer in traditional track bed structures to simultaneously function as the protective layer for the bottom external reinforcing cage in the prefabricated base slab. While maintaining the strength of the prefabricated base slab, this effectively reduces the overall thickness of the track bed base structure, resulting in a smaller footprint and more spacious layout for other functional components.

[0018] Because the track bed of this utility model uses the prefabricated base plate of this utility model in its base structure, the base structure occupies less space, which is conducive to optimizing the track bed structure design and improving the overall performance of the track bed structure. In particular, for floating track bed structures, it is beneficial to increase the thickness of the track slab, optimize the vibration participation mass, and achieve the technical effect of improving the vibration reduction efficiency of the entire floating track bed system.

[0019] In summary, the prefabricated base plate of this utility model occupies little space, which is conducive to optimizing the design and layout of the track bed structure. The track bed using the prefabricated base plate of this utility model has good vibration reduction effect, high construction efficiency, short construction period, better guarantee of project quality, convenient later maintenance and adjustment, and helps to extend the service life of the track bed system. Its economy, environmental protection and applicability have been greatly improved, and it can be widely used in vibration reduction projects of rail transit lines such as subways and light rail. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the prefabricated base plate of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 2 For application Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the track bed of this utility model with a prefabricated base plate.

[0022] Figure 3 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the prefabricated base plate of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 AA sectional view.

[0024] Figure 5 for Figure 3 BB cross-sectional view.

[0025] Figure 6 For application Figure 3 The diagram shows the structure of the track bed of this utility model with a prefabricated base plate.

[0026] Figure 7 for Figure 6 CC section view.

[0027] Figure 8 for Figure 6 DD sectional view.

[0028] Figure 9 This is the third structural schematic diagram of the prefabricated base plate of this utility model.

[0029] Figure 10 for Figure 9 EE sectional view.

[0030] Figure 11 for Figure 9 FF sectional view.

[0031] Figure 12 For application Figure 9 The diagram shows the structure of the track bed of this utility model with a prefabricated base plate.

[0032] Figure 13 for Figure 12 GG cross-sectional view.

[0033] Figure 14 for Figure 12 HH sectional view.

[0034] Figure 15 for Figure 12 JJ sectional view.

[0035] Figure 16 This is the fourth structural schematic diagram of the prefabricated base plate of this utility model.

[0036] Figure 17 for Figure 16 MM section view.

[0037] Figure 18 For application Figure 16 The diagram shows the structure of the track bed of this utility model with a prefabricated base plate.

[0038] Figure 19 for Figure 18NN cross-sectional view.

[0039] Figure 20 This is the fifth structural schematic diagram of the prefabricated base plate of this utility model.

[0040] Figure 21 For application Figure 20 The diagram shows the structure of the track bed of this utility model with a prefabricated base plate. Detailed Implementation

[0041] Example 1 like Figure 1 The precast base plate of this utility model includes a surface precast slab 1, with a steel reinforcement skeleton 27 inside the surface precast slab 1. A bottom external steel reinforcement cage 2 is integrally formed with the steel reinforcement skeleton 27 at the bottom of the surface precast slab 1. The steel reinforcement skeleton 27 and the bottom external steel reinforcement cage 2 are composed of several annular steel bars spaced apart in the cross-sectional direction of the surface precast slab 1 and longitudinal steel bars spaced apart along the longitudinal direction of the surface precast slab 1.

[0042] When applying, such as Figure 2 The track bed of this utility model includes a track slab and supporting elements. The track slab is a cast-in-place floating slab 3. The supporting elements are set between the prefabricated base slab and the track slab. The supporting elements are elastic elements, specifically spring vibration isolators 5. A self-leveling filling material 6 is set in the gap between the bottom external steel cage at the bottom of the prefabricated base slab and the foundation surface 4 of the track bed structure. The rail structure 7 is set on the surface of the track slab. During the construction of the track bed of this utility model, the prefabricated base plate of this utility model is first transported to the designated position marked on the foundation surface 4 of the track bed structure. After adjusting the spatial position and height, it is positioned. Then, self-leveling filling material 6 is poured from the gap between the two sides of the surface prefabricated plate 1 and the foundation surface 4 of the track bed structure to the bottom of the surface prefabricated plate until the bottom external steel cage under the prefabricated base plate and the gap between the prefabricated base plate and the foundation surface 4 of the track bed structure are filled. Then, the self-leveling filling material 6 is cured. After the curing is completed, the construction of the base structure is completed. A template is built on the surface of the base structure and concrete is poured on site to make a cast-in-place floating slab 3 as the track slab. After the cast-in-place floating slab 3 solidifies, the template is removed and cured. Then, the track slab is elastically supported by spring vibration isolators 5 and a steel rail structure 7 is laid on top of the track slab to obtain the track bed of this utility model.

[0043] This utility model's prefabricated base slab, by featuring an exposed bottom external reinforcing cage, offers several advantages. Firstly, its overall thickness is thinner, lighter, and easier to transport, facilitating optimized track bed design and layout. Secondly, it allows for prefabrication in a factory, ensuring product quality and reducing on-site construction work, thus improving construction efficiency and lowering costs. In application, because the bottom external reinforcing cage of the prefabricated base slab is exposed without a direct concrete protective layer, the self-leveling filler material between the bottom external reinforcing cage and the track bed foundation surface serves both as a fixing layer in traditional track beds and as a protective layer for the bottom external reinforcing cage in traditional base slabs. This allows the filling and fixing layer in traditional track bed structures to simultaneously function as the protective layer for the bottom external reinforcing cage in the prefabricated base slab. While maintaining the strength of the prefabricated base slab, this effectively reduces the overall thickness of the track bed base structure, resulting in a smaller footprint and more spacious layout for other functional components.

[0044] Because this utility model's track bed utilizes the prefabricated base plate in its base structure, the base structure occupies less space, which is beneficial for optimizing the track bed structure design and improving the overall performance of the track bed structure. In particular, for floating track bed structures, it is beneficial for increasing the thickness of the track slab, optimizing the vibration-conducting mass, and achieving the technical effect of improving the vibration reduction efficiency of the entire floating track bed system.

[0045] In summary, the prefabricated base plate of this utility model occupies little space, which is conducive to optimizing the design and layout of the track bed structure. The track bed using the prefabricated base plate of this utility model has good vibration reduction effect, high construction efficiency, short construction period, better guarantee of project quality, convenient later maintenance and adjustment, and helps to extend the service life of the track bed system. Its economy, environmental protection and applicability have been greatly improved, and it can be widely used in vibration reduction projects of rail transit lines such as subways and light rail.

[0046] Example 2 like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The precast base slab of this utility model differs from that of Embodiment 1 in that a horizontal limiting post 9 is fixedly installed on the surface precast slab 1, and bevels inclined from the outside to the inside are partially provided on both sides of the top surface of the surface precast slab 1; in addition, a grouting through hole 8 is provided on the surface precast slab 1; furthermore, the steel reinforcement cage 27 includes not only several annular steel bars arranged at intervals in the cross-sectional direction of the surface precast slab 1 and longitudinal steel bars arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the surface precast slab 1, but also several transverse steel bars arranged at intervals along the transverse direction of the surface precast slab 1. The horizontal limiting post 9 is provided with a corresponding steel reinforcement cage, which is partially tied together with the steel reinforcement cage 27 and integrally cast in the surface precast slab 1 to form part of the steel reinforcement cage 27, and partially placed outside the surface precast slab 1 and tied to the bottom outer steel reinforcement cage 2 to form part of the bottom outer steel reinforcement cage 2.

[0047] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The track bed shown in this utility model is similar to that in Embodiment 1. Figure 2 The difference in the track bed shown is that the track slab adopts a prefabricated floating slab 10. The prefabricated floating slab 10 has horizontal limiting holes 14 corresponding to the horizontal limiting posts 9 set on the surface prefabricated slab body 1. The horizontal limiting posts 9 are embedded in the horizontal limiting holes 14. An elastic limiting layer 13 is set in the gap between the horizontal limiting posts 9 and the horizontal limiting holes 14. The elastic limiting layer 13 is specifically made of elastic rubber material. In addition, the prefabricated floating slab 10 has observation through holes 12 corresponding to the injection through holes 8 set on the surface prefabricated slab body 1. The lower part of the observation through hole 12 is also provided with a lifting groove 15. In addition, the supporting element is an elastic element, specifically an elastic pad 11. In application, the prefabricated base plate, supporting elements, and track slab of this utility model can be pre-assembled to form a combined slab unit. This unit is then hoisted to the designated position on the foundation surface 4 of the track bed structure. A steel rail structure 7 is laid on top of the track slab. Using height-adjusting wedges (not specifically shown in the figure) and referring to the track reference, the spatial position is adjusted. After locking the spatial position, self-leveling filler material 6 is poured into the underside of the surface prefabricated slab 1 through the observation through-hole 12 and the injection through-hole 8 until the bottom layer of external steel reinforcement cage under the prefabricated base plate and the gap between the prefabricated base plate and the foundation surface 4 of the track bed structure are filled. The self-leveling filler material 6 is then cured. After curing, the track bed of this utility model is obtained. The track bed of this utility model described in this example also possesses the various advantages described in Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here. Of course, the technical solution described in this example also does not exclude following the construction sequence in Embodiment 1, first pouring the base structure, then assembling the track slab and track structure to finally form the track bed of this utility model, which can also achieve good technical results. This will also be explained here.

[0048] It should be noted that the technical solution described in this example uses an elastic element as the supporting element, specifically an elastic pad, for illustration. In practical applications, the supporting element may vary for road sections with different vibration reduction requirements. For example, for road sections with low environmental impact assessment requirements, height adjustment elements can be used as supporting elements. Typical height adjustment elements include height adjustment pads or mortar bags. In this case, the track bed constructed using the height adjustment element, the track slab, and the prefabricated base slab of this utility model is a track bed of ordinary vibration reduction level. Of course, in this case, plain cement can be used to fill the gap between the horizontal limiting post 9 and the horizontal limiting hole 14. When the environmental impact assessment requirements of the road section are raised due to urbanization or other reasons, the plain cement layer filling the gap between the horizontal limiting post 9 and the horizontal limiting hole 14 can be broken up, and the jack can be placed in the lifting groove 1. In step 5, the track slab is lifted using jacks, and then elastic elements are used to replace the height adjustment elements as support elements. For example, elastic pads made of rubber are used instead of height adjustment pads. At this time, by replacing the elastic elements with different elasticity and using them in conjunction with the track slab and the prefabricated base plate of this utility model to construct the track bed, it is possible to upgrade the original ordinary vibration reduction level track bed to a medium vibration reduction level floating track bed or even a high vibration reduction level floating track bed. Of course, in order to successfully achieve the vibration reduction function, an elastic limiting layer 13 is set in the gap between the horizontal limiting post 9 and the horizontal limiting hole 14. Similarly, when the performance of the elastic pad deteriorates or is damaged, a new elastic pad can be replaced in accordance with the above method, which is very convenient and quick. Furthermore, it is important to note that during the replacement of the elastic elements, excessive lifting of the track slab is unnecessary; 30mm is sufficient. Generally, removing the rail pads from the fastening system provides enough height. Therefore, during vibration reduction upgrades or maintenance, there is no need to saw the rails or significantly lift the track slab. Vibration reduction upgrades or maintenance can be completed during the track vehicle's operating windows, with minimal impact on line operation, making it extremely convenient. In summary, this utility model of track bed is a highly prefabricated, universal track bed system with adjustable vibration reduction levels. It requires minimal on-site construction work, has a fast construction speed, and facilitates later upgrades and maintenance. It offers greater applicability and better cost-effectiveness. The technical solutions mentioned above are all variations based on the technical principles of this utility model and are all within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0049] This example illustrates the use of a prefabricated base plate with corresponding horizontal limiting posts and track plates to achieve effective horizontal limiting. This ensures that the relative displacement between the track plates and the prefabricated base plate remains within a reasonable range during use, thus guaranteeing the stability and safety of the track bed system. Of course, based on the technical principles of this example, to achieve horizontal limiting, the prefabricated base plate can be equipped with horizontal limiting posts, horizontal limiting holes, or horizontal limiting grooves, and the track plates can be equipped with corresponding horizontal limiting holes, grooves, or posts. The horizontal limiting posts are embedded within the limiting holes or grooves. Furthermore, the elastic limiting layer can also be constructed using other elastic materials such as elastic polyurethane, achieving similar technical effects. This is described in words only, without additional drawings, and is within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0050] Example 3 like Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 The prefabricated base plate of this utility model is shown, and Figure 3 and Figure 4 The difference in the technical solution shown is that the top surface of the precast slab 1 is flat on both sides, and no bevel is set. The precast slab 1 also has grout outlet holes 16. In addition, the technical solution described in this example also includes a height adjustment device, which consists of an anchor 17 with threaded holes and a height adjustment threaded rod 18. The anchor 17 with threaded holes is specifically an ear plate, which is pre-anchored to both sides of the precast slab 1. In addition, a local steel reinforcement structure is set in the steel reinforcement skeleton 27 corresponding to the horizontal limiting structure. The local steel reinforcement structure is specifically a local steel reinforcement structure 29 set in the steel reinforcement skeleton 27 corresponding to the root of the horizontal limiting column 9. The local steel reinforcement structure 29 is specifically a number of steel bars with a diameter larger than the steel bars in other parts of the steel reinforcement skeleton.

[0051] When applying, such as Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 and Figure 15 The track bed shown in this utility model is similar to that in Embodiment 2. Figure 6The difference in the technical solution shown is that the supporting element is composed of an elastic element and a height adjustment element, wherein the elastic element is specifically an elastic pad 11, and the height adjustment element is specifically a height adjustment pad 28; in addition, a second observation through hole 23 is provided on the prefabricated floating plate 10, which serves as the track slab, corresponding to the grout outlet hole 16; furthermore, the longitudinal gaps on both sides and the transverse gaps at both ends between the prefabricated floating plate 10 and the surface prefabricated plate 1 are respectively sealed by elastic sealing elements 22, the surface stiffness of the elastic sealing element 22 being less than the surface stiffness of the elastic pad 11; fourth, in order to prevent foreign objects from falling in, the upper parts of the horizontal limiting hole 14, the observation through hole 12, and the second observation through hole 23 are respectively provided with a horizontal limiting hole end cap 21, an observation through hole end cap 19, and a second observation through hole end cap 20. Preferably, the observation through hole 12 and the second observation through hole 23 can be standardized so that their dimensions are exactly the same, which not only facilitates the processing of the track slab but also unifies the size of the end caps used. Compared with Embodiment 2 Figure 6 Compared to the technical solutions shown, the technical solution described in this example, due to the addition of grout outlet holes 16 on the surface precast slab 1, not only can gas be expelled when pouring self-leveling filler material 6 under the surface precast slab 1 during construction, but the filling situation can also be better observed, avoiding the phenomenon of incomplete filling. In addition, due to the addition of a height adjustment device, the height adjustment and leveling operation of the precast floating slab is simpler and more precise before pouring the self-leveling filler material 6, which is very convenient. Furthermore, since the supporting element is composed of elastic pad 11 and height adjustment pad 28, it can ensure elasticity and facilitate height adjustment, which can effectively cope with unexpected situations such as foundation settlement during application. It should be noted that, in this example, since an elastic sealing element 22 is added between the precast floating slab 10 and the surface precast slab 1, it can effectively prevent foreign objects from entering the gap between the precast floating slab 10 and the surface precast slab 1 without affecting the vibration reduction effect of the elastic element. This can prevent the vibration reduction effect from decreasing or even failing due to the accumulation of foreign objects.

[0052] Based on the technical principle of this example, the height adjustment device can be installed not only on the surface precast slab but also on the bottom outer steel reinforcement cage. For example, the anchor with threaded holes can be a metal ear plate, which is welded and fixed to the bottom outer steel reinforcement cage. In addition, the specific structural form of the height adjustment device can be varied, such as a height adjustment wedge, etc., all of which can achieve good technical effects. These are all simple variations based on the technical principle of this utility model, and are only described in words here without additional drawings, and are also within the protection scope claimed by this utility model.

[0053] Example 4 like Figure 16 and Figure 17 The prefabricated base plate of this utility model is shown, and Figure 9 The difference in the technical solution shown is that four horizontal limiting posts 9 are set, and the four horizontal limiting posts are set in pairs on both sides of the top surface of the surface precast slab 1; in addition, four sets of height adjustment devices are set. In the height adjustment device, the anchor 17 with threaded holes is specifically an anchor cylinder, which is pre-integratedly fixed in the surface precast slab 1, and the height adjustment threaded rod 18 passes through the anchor cylinder; in addition, in the steel reinforcement skeleton 27 on the same cross section of the surface precast slab 1 and the bottom external steel reinforcement cage 2, the ring steel reinforcement includes two sets of ring steel reinforcement arranged in parallel.

[0054] When applying, such as Figure 18 and Figure 19 The track bed shown in this utility model is similar to that in Embodiment 3. Figure 12 The difference in the technical solution shown is that a horizontal limiting groove 24 is provided on the precast floating slab 10, which serves as the track slab, corresponding to the horizontal limiting post 9. The horizontal limiting post 9 is embedded in the horizontal limiting groove 24, and an elastic limiting layer 13 is provided in the gap between the horizontal limiting post 9 and the horizontal limiting groove 24. In addition, a clearance through hole 26 is provided on the precast floating slab 10 corresponding to the height adjustment threaded rod 18 provided on the surface precast slab body 1. During construction, after the self-leveling filler material 6 is poured and cured, the part of the height adjustment threaded rod 18 exposed on the surface of the precast floating slab 10 can be cut off, and the clearance through hole 26 can be covered by the clearance through hole end cap 25 to prevent foreign objects from falling in. Compared with the technical solution described in Embodiment 3, the technical solution described in this example features a more flexible arrangement of the transverse reinforcing bars in the bottom-layer external reinforcing cage. Increasing the number of parallel ring-shaped reinforcing bars prevents excessive bending deformation of the horizontal section reinforcing bars due to gravity when the size is large. Furthermore, it allows for increased reinforcement only in load-bearing areas, thereby improving the local strength of the base structure to meet usage requirements, optimizing reinforcement usage, and reducing production costs. Of course, based on the technical principles of this example, a horizontal limiting groove can also be provided on the surface precast slab 1 of the precast base slab of this utility model, with corresponding horizontal limiting columns provided on the precast floating slab 10 to achieve a good horizontal limiting effect. This is only described in words and no further drawings are provided; all of these are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0055] Example 5 like Figure 20 The prefabricated base plate of this utility model shown is similar to that in Embodiment 2. Figure 4The difference in the technical solutions shown is that, in the steel reinforcement cage 27 on the same cross-section of the surface precast slab 1 and in the bottom external steel reinforcement cage 2, the annular steel reinforcement includes three sets of annular steel reinforcement arranged in parallel; a positioning structure 30 for positioning elastic elements is provided on the top surface of the surface precast slab 1, which is specifically a positioning groove in the figure; in addition, a local steel reinforcement structure 29 is provided in the steel reinforcement cage 27 below the positioning structure 30, which is specifically a local steel reinforcement densification area; fourth, a shear-resistant protrusion-concavity structure 31 is provided on the lower surface of the surface precast slab 1, which is specifically a plurality of grooves.

[0056] When applying, such as Figure 21 The track bed shown in this utility model is similar to that in Embodiment 2. Figure 7 The difference in the technical solution shown is that an elastic sealing element 22 is provided in the four-dimensional gap between the surface precast slab 1 and the precast floating slab 10 to provide a seal. The surface stiffness of the elastic sealing element 22 is less than that of the elastic pad 11. Compared with Embodiment 2, in the technical solution described in this example, the arrangement of the transverse steel bars in the bottom external steel cage of the surface precast slab 1 is more flexible. Increasing the number of parallel ring steel bars can prevent excessive bending deformation of the horizontal steel bars due to gravity when the size is large. In addition, the addition of a positioning structure on the surface precast slab 1 can effectively position the elastic element, prevent the elastic element from moving accidentally, and make the vibration reduction performance more stable and safer. Preferably, the groove can be arranged alternately in the transverse and longitudinal directions of the surface precast slab. Furthermore, after setting a local steel reinforcement structure in the steel skeleton below the corresponding positioning structure, the local bearing capacity can be greatly improved, avoiding the surface precast slab from being crushed due to excessive local load. This is conducive to optimizing the amount of steel used, improving cost-effectiveness, and reducing production costs. In addition, because the lower surface of the surface precast panel is provided with a shear-resistant convex-concave structure, the filling and fixing layer composed of self-leveling filling material 6 is more tightly bonded to the surface precast panel 1, which can effectively prevent relative displacement between the two during use, making it more stable, safe and reliable.

[0057] It should be noted that the annular reinforcing bars in the steel reinforcement cage on the same cross-section of the surface precast slab and in the bottom external steel reinforcement cage can also include four, five, or even more sets of annular reinforcing bars arranged in parallel; depending on the elastic element and its arrangement, the positioning structure provided on the surface precast slab can also be different. In addition to the positioning grooves already mentioned, it can also be positioning holes or positioning shoulders, etc., all of which can achieve good positioning effects. In practice, it can be designed and selected according to needs; in addition, the specific form of the shear-resistant protrusion and concave structure provided on the lower surface of the surface precast slab can also be varied, in addition to the several grooves already mentioned. Alternatively, it can be a number of raised ribs, a number of raised protrusions arranged in an array, etc. Of course, a roughening process can also be used to make the lower surface of the surface precast slab rough. These technical solutions can also improve the bonding force between the surface precast slab and the filling and fixing layer, improve the shear resistance, and play a technical role in preventing the surface precast slab and the filling and fixing layer from slipping relative to each other. In addition, based on the technical principles described in this example and Embodiment 3, local steel reinforcement structures can also be set in the steel reinforcement skeletons corresponding to the horizontal limiting structure and the positioning structure. The above technical solutions are all simple variations based on the technical principles of this utility model and are all within the protection scope claimed by this utility model.

[0058] It should be noted that the embodiments in this utility model are only for better illustrating the technical solution of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation of this utility model. The technical features in many of the embodiments can also be used interchangeably. Based on the technical principles of this utility model, those skilled in the art can recombine the technical solutions described in the above embodiments or use similar technologies to simply replace some of the components. As long as it is based on the technical principles of this utility model, it is within the protection scope claimed by this utility model.

Claims

1. A prefabricated base plate, comprising a surface prefabricated plate body, characterized in that, The surface precast slab is internally provided with a steel reinforcement skeleton, and the bottom layer of the surface precast slab is integrated with the steel reinforcement skeleton to form a bottom external steel reinforcement cage; A horizontal limiting structure is provided on the surface precast panel, the horizontal limiting structure including a horizontal limiting post, or a horizontal limiting hole, or a horizontal limiting groove.

2. The prefabricated base plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The top surface of the precast surface panel is provided with a positioning structure for positioning elastic elements, the positioning structure including a positioning groove, a positioning hole or a positioning shoulder.

3. The prefabricated base plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal limiting structure is provided with a local steel reinforcement structure in the steel reinforcement cage.

4. The prefabricated base plate as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The positioning structure is provided with a local steel reinforcement structure in the steel reinforcement cage.

5. The prefabricated base plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower surface of the surface precast panel is roughened or has a shear-resistant protrusion and concave structure.

6. The prefabricated base plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The prefabricated base plate also includes a height adjustment device, which is installed on the surface prefabricated slab or / and the bottom external steel reinforcement cage.

7. The prefabricated base plate as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The height adjustment device includes a height adjustment wedge, or an anchor with a threaded hole and a height adjustment threaded rod.

8. The prefabricated base plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The surface precast panel is provided with injection through holes.

9. The prefabricated base plate as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Grout outlet holes are provided on the surface precast slab.

10. A track bed, using the prefabricated base plate according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The track bed also includes a track slab and supporting elements. The supporting elements are arranged between the prefabricated base slab and the track slab. A self-leveling filling material is arranged in the bottom layer of the external steel reinforcement cage under the prefabricated base slab and in the gap between the prefabricated base slab and the foundation surface of the track bed structure.

11. The track bed as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The track plate is provided with horizontal limiting posts, horizontal limiting holes or horizontal limiting grooves corresponding to the horizontal limiting posts, horizontal limiting holes or horizontal limiting grooves provided on the prefabricated base plate, and the horizontal limiting posts are embedded in the limiting holes or limiting grooves.

12. The track bed as described in claim 11, characterized in that, An elastic limiting layer is provided in the gap between the horizontal limiting post and the horizontal limiting hole or horizontal limiting groove.

13. The track bed as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The track plate is provided with observation through holes corresponding to the grouting through holes or grout outlet holes set on the prefabricated base plate.

14. The track bed as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The track plate is provided with clearance through holes corresponding to the height adjustment threaded rods set on the prefabricated base plate.

15. The track bed as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The support element includes a height adjustment element and / or an elastic element, wherein the height adjustment element includes a height adjustment pad or a mortar bag, and the elastic element includes an elastic pad or a spring vibration isolator.

16. The track bed as described in claim 15, characterized in that, When the elastic element is an elastic pad, the longitudinal gaps on both sides and the transverse gaps at both ends between the track plate and the prefabricated base plate are sealed by elastic seals, and the surface stiffness of the elastic seal is less than that of the elastic pad.

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