Bridge bearing

Abstract

This application belongs to the field of bridge engineering technology. It provides a bridge bearing including an upper bearing plate, a lower bearing plate, an intermediate component, and a limiting assembly. The upper bearing plate is used to connect to the beam, and the lower bearing plate is located below the upper bearing plate to support it. The intermediate component is located between the upper and lower bearing plates and is used to transfer loads; the intermediate component rests on the lower bearing plate. The limiting assembly is located around the circumference of the intermediate component, with its inner wall in contact with the intermediate component, limiting its radial displacement. The limiting assembly and the lower bearing plate are detachably connected. The intermediate component is a vulnerable part; in many cases, replacing only the intermediate component can solve the problem of bridge bearing damage. The limiting assembly, intermediate component, and lower bearing plate are designed separately, and the limiting assembly is detachably connected to the lower bearing plate. When replacing the bridge bearing, especially in confined spaces, only the limiting assembly needs to be removed, making disassembly and installation easy, and replacing the intermediate component very convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of bridge engineering technology, and in particular relates to a bridge bearing. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge engineering refers to the processes of bridge surveying, design, construction, maintenance, and inspection, as well as the science and engineering technology that studies these processes. It is a branch of civil engineering. The development of bridge engineering is mainly driven by the needs of transportation. Bridge engineering primarily studies bridge design, determining bridge spans, considering navigation and route requirements to determine bridge deck height, considering the foundation's resistance to scour or frost heave to determine foundation depth, and designing diversion structures; bridge scheme design; bridge structural design; bridge construction; bridge inspection; bridge testing; and bridge maintenance.

[0003] Bridges are typically supported by multiple concrete piers at their base. Bridge bearings are usually installed on these concrete piers. Bridge bearings are important structural components that connect the superstructure and substructure of a bridge. They are located between the beams and the bearing pads and are important force transmission devices for the bridge.

[0004] The existing technology has the following defects and shortcomings: the installation and replacement of existing bridge bearings are relatively difficult and cumbersome, posing a high safety hazard. In the existing technology, bridge bearings are installed by filling with mortar, which easily causes the pad stone and the lower bearing plate to stick together, making it difficult to operate. When using jacks for support, they can only lift by 1 centimeter. The space in bridges and piers is narrow, making maintenance and replacement particularly difficult. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention provides a bridge bearing that solves the problem of difficult replacement of traditional bridge bearings.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A bridge bearing includes: an upper bearing plate for connecting to a beam; a lower bearing plate located below the upper bearing plate; an intermediate component disposed between the lower bearing plate and the upper bearing plate for transmitting loads, the intermediate component being placed on the lower bearing plate; and a limiting assembly located circumferentially around the intermediate component, the inner wall of the limiting assembly contacting the intermediate component, the limiting assembly limiting the radial displacement of the intermediate component, and the limiting assembly and the lower bearing plate being detachably connected.

[0008] Furthermore, in the bridge bearing described above, the intermediate component includes a base plate, which is placed on the lower bearing plate; the limiting component includes a limiting part and a connecting part, the limiting part is disposed on the circumferential outer side of the base plate to prevent the base plate from moving radially; the limiting part is detachably connected to the lower bearing plate through the connecting part.

[0009] Furthermore, in the bridge bearing described above, the limiting part includes multiple limiting blocks, which cooperate with each other and are connected to form a ring structure after being mounted on the base plate; the inner wall of the limiting block is in contact with the intermediate component; a portion of the lower bearing plate is embedded in the pad stone, and another portion is exposed outside the pad stone.

[0010] Furthermore, in the bridge bearing described above, the intermediate component also includes: a rubber plate disposed above the bottom plate of the base plate for compression resistance, buffering, and shock absorption; and an intermediate steel plate disposed above the rubber plate for enhancing load-bearing capacity.

[0011] Furthermore, in the bridge bearing described above, the base is basin-shaped; the intermediate component further includes: a sealing ring located between the rubber plate and the intermediate steel plate for buffer sealing; a wear-resistant plate located between the intermediate steel plate and the upper bearing plate for reducing frictional resistance; and a metal plate located between the wear-resistant plate and the upper bearing plate, wherein the metal plate is in contact with the upper bearing plate.

[0012] Furthermore, in the bridge bearing described above, the bottom of the base basin is a concave spherical surface; the intermediate component further includes: a spherical crown liner, disposed above the base basin, the bottom convex spherical surface of the spherical crown liner matching the concave spherical surface of the base basin; a wear-resistant plate, the wear-resistant plate including a first wear-resistant plate and a second wear-resistant plate, the first wear-resistant plate being located between the spherical crown liner and the base basin, and the second wear-resistant plate being located between the spherical crown liner and the upper bearing plate; a metal plate, the metal plate including a first metal plate and a second metal plate, the first metal plate being located between the first wear-resistant plate and the base basin, and the first metal plate contacting the base basin; the second metal plate being located between the second wear-resistant plate and the upper bearing plate, and the second metal plate contacting the upper bearing plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the bridge bearing described above includes a temporary fastener for connecting and fixing the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate, wherein one end of the temporary fastener is fixedly connected to the lower bearing plate and the other end is fixedly connected to the upper bearing plate.

[0014] Furthermore, in the bridge bearing described above, the temporary fastener includes an upper bearing plate connecting piece and a lower bearing plate connecting piece. The upper bearing plate connecting piece is fixedly connected to the upper bearing plate, and the lower bearing plate connecting piece is fixedly connected to the lower bearing plate. The upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate are fixedly connected by a detachable connection between the upper bearing plate connecting piece and the lower bearing plate connecting piece.

[0015] Furthermore, in the bridge bearing described above, the upper bearing plate connecting piece is provided with an upper bearing plate connecting hole, and the lower bearing plate connecting piece is provided with a lower bearing plate connecting hole. Bolts are used to fix the upper bearing plate connecting piece and the lower bearing plate connecting piece through the upper bearing plate connecting hole and the lower bearing plate connecting hole.

[0016] Furthermore, in the bridge bearing described above, the connecting part is a through hole; the limiting part is fixed by screwing the connecting part and the lower bearing plate.

[0017] The technical solution provided in this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] This application provides a bridge bearing in which the intermediate component is a vulnerable part. In many cases, replacing only the intermediate component can solve the problem of bridge bearing damage. Its limiting component is detachably connected to the lower bearing plate. The intermediate component and the lower bearing plate are designed separately. When replacing the bridge bearing, especially in a confined space, only the limiting component needs to be removed, which facilitates the removal of the intermediate component. This effectively reduces the labor intensity of replacing the bridge bearing, saves installation and replacement time, reduces costs, and eliminates safety hazards. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a bridge bearing provided in this application;

[0020] Figure 2 A top view of a bridge bearing provided in this application;

[0021] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the lower bearing plate and the pad stone of a bridge bearing provided in this application;

[0022] The following are the reference numerals: 1. Upper seat plate, 2. Sealing ring, 3. Rubber plate, 4. Middle steel plate, 5. Wear-resistant plate, 6. Base plate, 7. Stainless steel plate, 8. Lower seat plate, 9. Limiting block, 11. Mortar, 12. Pad stone. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the embodiments of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0024] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "both ends," "one end," and "the other end," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," and "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] See attached document Figure 1-2 A bridge bearing provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail. Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a bridge bearing provided in this application; Figure 2 A top view of a bridge bearing provided in this application; Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the lower bearing plate and the pad stone of a bridge bearing provided in this application.

[0027] In summary, the basic technical solution of this utility model is as follows: A bridge bearing includes an upper bearing plate 1, a lower bearing plate 8, an intermediate component, and a limiting component; the upper bearing plate 1 is used to connect with the beam, and the lower bearing plate 8 is located below the upper bearing plate 1 and is used to support the upper bearing plate 1; the intermediate component is located between the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 8 and is used to transfer the load, and the intermediate component is placed on the lower bearing plate 8; the limiting component is located on the circumferential periphery of the intermediate component, the inner wall of the limiting component is in contact with the intermediate component, and the limiting component limits the radial displacement of the intermediate component; the limiting component and the lower bearing plate 8 are detachably connected.

[0028] This application provides a bridge bearing where the intermediate component is a vulnerable part. In many cases, replacing only the intermediate component can solve the problem of bridge bearing damage. The bearing features a separate design for the limiting component, intermediate component, and lower bearing plate 8. The limiting component is detachably connected to the lower bearing plate 8. When replacing the bridge bearing, especially in confined spaces, simply removing the limiting component facilitates easy disassembly and installation, making the replacement of the intermediate component very convenient. This frees up space, effectively reducing the labor intensity of bridge bearing replacement, saving installation and replacement time, lowering costs, and eliminating safety hazards. Removing traditional bearings requires loosening the embedded sleeve, which is sometimes already cemented to the pier, making replacement very inconvenient and requiring significant manpower and resources. This application allows for replacement of only the intermediate component without removing the lower bearing plate.

[0029] The following is a detailed discussion of a bridge bearing provided in this application. For example... Figure 1 As shown, a bridge bearing includes an upper bearing plate 1, a lower bearing plate 8, an intermediate component, and a limiting component. The upper bearing plate 1 has a rectangular or circular cross-section and is directly connected to the beam or the superstructure of the bridge. Specifically, the upper bearing plate 1 is bolted to the beam or the superstructure of the bridge. The upper dead load (such as self-weight) and live load (such as vehicle load) are concentrated and transferred to the internal structure of the bridge bearing. Anchor bars (usually in the shape of "U" or "L") are welded to the upper surface of the upper bearing plate 1. The anchorage length of the bars extending into the concrete is ≥35d (d is the diameter of the bars). Welding can be done by double-sided intermittent welding with an intermittent welding length of 5d and a weld height of 8mm.

[0030] The lower bearing plate 8 is positioned below the upper bearing plate 1. The lower bearing plate 8 can be plate-shaped, with a rectangular or circular cross-section. It is used to bear concentrated forces from the upper bearing plate 1, uniformly transferring the load to the bridge pier through a large contact surface, avoiding excessive local stress. As a foundation component of the bridge bearing, it can restrict the overall horizontal movement of the bridge bearing through anchor bolts or concave structures, ensuring the longitudinal stability of the bridge. In one specific embodiment, the lower bearing plate 8 is placed on the top pad stone 12 of the pier. A portion of the lower bearing plate 8 (connecting anchors) is embedded in the pad stone 12, while another portion protrudes outside. When installing the lower bearing plate 8, a formwork is required on the outer circumferential side of the lower bearing plate 8, and it is fixed to the pad stone 12 by filling with mortar 11. During bridge bearing installation, the top surface of the bearing pad should be roughened. An epoxy mortar leveling layer should be applied to the top surface of the bearing pad, excluding the anchor bolt holes. The leveling layer should be slightly higher than the design elevation of the bridge bearing (i.e., the bottom surface of the lower bearing plate 8). After positioning and leveling the bridge bearing, when it reaches the design elevation, use shims to support it. Then, fill the gaps around the sleeve and any areas around the bottom plate of the bridge bearing that are not fully filled with epoxy mortar using epoxy mortar or high-strength mortar, and compact the epoxy mortar thoroughly. Part of the lower bearing plate 8 is embedded in the bearing pad 12, while another part protrudes outside the bearing pad 12.

[0031] The intermediate component includes a base plate 6, which can be basin-shaped or have a concave spherical bottom surface to match the convex spherical surface of the spherical crown liner. The base plate 6 is placed on the lower seat plate 8, and the base plate 6 contacts the lower seat plate 8. The base plate 6 can cooperate with the wear-resistant plate 5 and the intermediate steel plate 4 to provide guidance for the expansion, contraction, and rotation of the beam, allowing the beam to generate the expected displacement under temperature changes, concrete shrinkage and creep, or seismic action. At the same time, the base plate 6 and the limiting component work together to constrain displacement in unexpected directions, ensuring structural stability. The base plate 6 and the lower seat plate 8 of this application adopt a separate design, which allows for easy replacement of the base plate 6 separately. The base plate 6 is used to bear the vertical load (such as the self-weight of the beam, vehicle load, etc.) transmitted by the upper seat plate 1 of the bridge, and evenly transmits the load to the lower seat plate 8 (such as piers and abutments), ensuring a stable and safe load transmission path and avoiding structural damage caused by excessive local stress. If the base plate 6 in this application is damaged, it can be easily replaced by disassembling the limiting component.

[0032] The inner wall of the limiting component contacts the base 6 of the intermediate component, limiting the radial displacement of the base 6. The limiting component includes a limiting part and a connecting part. The limiting part is positioned on the circumferential outer side of the base 6 of the intermediate component to prevent radial movement of the base 6. The connecting part is used for detachable connection between the limiting part and the lower seat plate 8. The limiting part is detachably connected to the lower seat plate 8 through the connecting part. The limiting part includes multiple limiting blocks 9, the inner wall of which contacts the base 6 of the intermediate component. The limiting blocks 9 can be rectangular, circular, or irregular in shape, meaning that the shape of the limiting blocks 9 can be varied to adapt to the shape of the base 6 of the intermediate component, thus fixing the base 6 of the intermediate component. Multiple limiting blocks 9 cooperate with each other, holding the base 6 of the intermediate component, and then joined together to form a ring structure. The shape of the limiting blocks 9 adapts to the shape of the base 6 of the intermediate component, and the cooperation is manifested in the fact that two adjacent limiting blocks 9 are joined end to end on the outer side of the base 6 of the intermediate component. In one specific embodiment, the outer wall of the base basin 6 is circular, and the limiting block 9 is arc-shaped. Multiple limiting blocks 9 cooperate with each other and are connected to the base basin 6 of the intermediate component to form a ring structure. The number of limiting blocks 9 ranges from 2 to 6, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. Preferably, the number of limiting blocks 9 is 3. A pad stone 12 is provided below the lower seat plate 8. The connecting part can be a through hole. The limiting part is detachably installed on the lower seat plate 8 through the connecting part. For example, the limiting part is fixed to the lower seat plate 8 by screws through the connecting part. When disassembling, the bolts can be removed directly, which is very convenient and facilitates the replacement of the intermediate component. This application adopts a separate design of the limiting component, the base basin 6, and the lower seat plate 8, which saves costs and is convenient to assemble and disassemble. Especially in a confined space, the operation becomes easier, reducing the labor intensity of the operator and eliminating safety hazards. The limiting device of this application can be used for cast-in-place beam pot bearings as well as precast beam pot bearings.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, as some alternative embodiments of this application, the limiting part of the limiting component can be set as a fractional circle, ranging from a half-circle, a third-circle, a quarter-circle, a fifth-circle, to a sixth-circle. The limiting block 9 can also be arc-shaped to adapt to the shape of the lower seat plate 8. Preferably, the shape of the limiting part is a third-circle, which, based on the principle of triangles, is more stable than the rectangle in the prior art, resulting in a more stable structure. Bolt installation is easier to disassemble, operation is simpler, the weight of the lower seat plate 8 is reduced, and costs are saved. During installation, the third-circle is simply screwed to the lower seat plate 8, facilitating the replacement of intermediate components, effectively reducing the labor intensity of replacement, saving installation and replacement time, and is quite convenient, more practical, easy to assemble, and easy to replace! It greatly improves the speed of replacing bridge bearings, reduces labor intensity, and lowers safety hazards.

[0034] It should be noted that the load transfer chain is “beam body → upper support plate → intermediate component → lower support plate → pier”. The upper support plate 1 allows the beam end to rotate, the lower support plate provides fixed constraints, and the intermediate component coordinates the displacement and rotation requirements to jointly ensure the free deformation of the structure. In the two-way seismic hinge support, the upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate work together to resist the horizontal force of the earthquake through special structures (such as limit blocks) to prevent the structure from dislodging.

[0035] In one specific embodiment, a bridge bearing has a vertical design bearing capacity of 4MN, a longitudinal displacement of ±100°, a transverse displacement of ±50°, and a vertical rotation angle of 0.02 rad. The bridge bearing conforms to the requirements of JT / T391-2019 "Pot Bearings for Highway Bridges" standard.

[0036] As some alternative embodiments of this application, the intermediate component may include a rubber component, and the corresponding lower seat plate 8 may be plate-shaped. The rubber component includes a rubber block, which bears the vertical load (self-weight, vehicle load) of the beam through the elastic deformation of the rubber and evenly transfers the load to the pier. The flexibility of the rubber allows the beam to undergo slight rotation (usually ≤1.5°) due to the longitudinal slope of the bridge deck and temperature changes, avoiding cracking of the structure due to rigid constraints. The damping characteristics of the rubber can absorb vibrations caused by vehicle traffic or earthquakes, reducing the dynamic response of the bridge. The rubber block is made into a rectangle or a circle, preferably a circle, and the rubber block is made of natural rubber or neoprene rubber. The rubber component may also include an intermediate steel plate 4 disposed below the rubber block, which is used to enhance the load-bearing capacity, improve stability, and optimize stress distribution. The intermediate steel plate 4 can be cylindrical or spherical. The cylindrical shape can be square on the top and round on the bottom. The material of the intermediate steel plate 4 can be customized according to customer requirements. Specifically, the material of the intermediate steel plate 4 can be Q235 steel, Q345 steel, Q390 steel, 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, and 0Cr19Ni13Mo3 stainless steel plates. In this embodiment, the components from bottom to top are: lower seat plate 8, base plate 6, rubber plate 3, intermediate steel plate 4, and upper seat plate 1. If any one of the base plate 6, rubber plate 3, or intermediate steel plate 4 is damaged, it can be easily replaced by disassembling the limiting assembly.

[0037] like Figure 1As shown, as some alternative embodiments of this application, the intermediate component may also include a metal and rubber composite component, commonly used in bridges with spans of 30 to 100 meters, which need to simultaneously meet the requirements of large loads and rotation. The corresponding shape of the base basin 6 can be basin-shaped, annular, or annular-basin-shaped. Taking the basin-shaped base 6 as an example, the metal and rubber composite component includes a rubber plate 3, a sealing ring 2, and an intermediate steel plate 4. The function of the intermediate steel plate 4 is the same as that of the intermediate steel plate described above, and will not be repeated here. The rubber plate 3 is positioned above the base plate (basin bottom) of the chassis for compression buffering and shock absorption. The rubber plate 3 is used to bear the vertical load of the beam (self-weight, vehicle load) and evenly transfer the load to the piers. When the rubber plate 3 is compressed within the base basin 6, it improves the bearing capacity (capable of withstanding thousands of tons of load) through the "ring effect." The sealing ring 2 is positioned above the rubber plate 3, between the rubber plate 3 and the intermediate steel plate 4, for buffering and sealing the intermediate steel plate 4, preventing rubber aging, and extending the service life of the bridge bearing. The sealing ring 2 is made of a metallic material, such as copper, steel, aluminum, titanium, or nickel. Preferably, the sealing ring 2 is a copper sealing ring, such as an H62 copper sealing ring, which is commonly used in GPZ type pot bearings for highway bridges. The bottom basin 6 is used to constrain rubber deformation, transfer loads, provide sealing protection, and ensure rotational performance. The steel sidewalls of the bottom basin 6 constrain the lateral deformation of the rubber plate 3. The bottom basin 6 allows the bridge bearing to allow the beam to rotate and slide horizontally. A wear-resistant plate 5 can also be installed between the intermediate steel plate 4 and the upper bearing plate 1 to protect the intermediate steel plate 4 and reduce frictional resistance. A metal plate can also be installed between the wear-resistant plate 5 and the upper bearing plate 1, contacting the upper bearing plate 1. This metal plate has the characteristics of "low friction, high corrosion resistance, and high flatness." On the one hand, it ensures the free displacement and rotation of the beam under the action of temperature and load, avoiding additional stress on the structure; on the other hand, by resisting corrosion and wear, it extends the service life of the bearing and ensures the safe and stable load transfer between the superstructure and substructure of the bridge. The metal plate and wear-resistant plate 5 work together to achieve low friction with the upper seat plate 1. Specifically, the metal plate and wear-resistant plate 5 work together to ensure the free displacement of the beam through low friction characteristics, to transfer vertical loads through a rigid-flexible combination, and to maintain long-term stability through corrosion and wear resistance, ultimately achieving safe deformation and reliable stress bearing of the bridge structure under the influence of temperature, load, etc. Specifically, the metal plate can be stainless steel plate 7, such as 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 and 0Cr19Ni13Mo3 stainless steel plates. In this embodiment, the components from bottom to top are, in order: lower seat plate 8, bottom basin 6, rubber plate 3, sealing ring 2, intermediate steel plate 4, wear-resistant plate 5, metal plate, and upper seat plate 1. If any of the intermediate components—bottom basin 6, rubber plate 3, sealing ring 2, intermediate steel plate 4, wear-resistant plate 5, and metal plate—is damaged, it can be easily replaced by disassembling the limiting assembly.

[0038] As some alternative embodiments of this application, the intermediate component may also include a spherical structural component to accommodate multi-directional rotation, low friction, and dedicated horizontal force transmission. This is suitable for scenarios with high requirements for rotational performance, such as long-span (over 100 meters) bridges and high-speed railway bridges. The bottom shape of the base basin 6 can be a concave spherical surface that matches the convex spherical surface of the bottom of the spherical structural component (spherical crown liner). The spherical structural component includes a spherical crown liner, a wear-resistant plate 5, and a metal plate. The spherical crown liner is installed on the base basin 6, providing a rotation center and support surface, allowing the upper seat plate 1 to rotate around the center of the spherical crown liner, realizing the three-dimensional rotational freedom of the structure (such as pitch and yaw), achieving uniform load transmission and distribution, and working in conjunction with the wear-resistant plate 5 to achieve low-friction rotation, improving the durability and reliability of the bridge bearing. The wear-resistant plate 5 and the metal plate work together to ensure free displacement of the beam with low friction characteristics, transmit vertical loads with a rigid-flexible combination, and maintain long-term stability with corrosion and wear resistance characteristics, ultimately achieving safe deformation and reliable stress bearing of the bridge structure under the action of temperature, load, etc. The metal plates include a first metal plate and a second metal plate; the wear-resistant plate 5 includes a first wear-resistant plate and a second wear-resistant plate, used to reduce frictional resistance; the first wear-resistant plate is located between the spherical crown liner and the base plate 6, used to protect the spherical crown liner; the first metal plate is located between the first wear-resistant plate and the base plate 6, used to provide low friction for the base plate 6; the first metal plate is in direct contact with the base plate 6; the second wear-resistant plate is located between the spherical crown liner and the upper seat plate 1, used to protect the spherical crown liner; the second metal plate is located between the second wear-resistant plate and the upper seat plate 1, used to provide low friction for the upper seat plate 1; the second wear-resistant plate is in direct contact with the upper seat plate 1. The first and second wear-resistant plates reduce frictional resistance, protect the spherical crown liner, extend the service life of the spherical crown liner, and adapt to bridge deformation. The convex spherical surface of the spherical crown liner fits against the concave spherical surface of the base plate 6, forming a rotating pair through a spherical sliding plate (filled with lubricating material), allowing the beam to rotate in any direction (rotation angle can reach more than 3°), adapting to the complex stress of curved and skewed bridges. The wear-resistant plate 5 reduces rotational friction resistance, ensuring smooth rotation and reducing component wear. The wear-resistant plate 5 in this application can be made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). During an earthquake, displacement may occur, typically 50, 100, 150, or 200 mm longitudinally and 20-100 mm transversely, according to the JT / T391-2019 standard "Pot Bearings for Highway Bridges". In this embodiment, the components from bottom to top are: lower bearing plate 8, bottom basin 6, first wear-resistant plate, first metal plate, spherical crown liner, second wear-resistant plate, second metal plate, and upper bearing plate 1. If any one of the intermediate components—bottom basin 6, first wear-resistant plate, spherical crown liner, or second wear-resistant plate—is damaged, it can be easily replaced by disassembling the limiting assembly. Both the first and second metal plates can be made of stainless steel 7. Examples of stainless steel plates include 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 and 0Cr19Ni13Mo3 stainless steel plates.

[0039] In summary, in the above embodiments of the intermediate component, the components can be combined in any way. By disassembling and assembling the limiting component provided in this application, any component of the intermediate component can be replaced. Of course, any combination of components in the intermediate component can also be replaced, thereby solving the problem of bridge bearing damage.

[0040] The bridge bearing of this application also includes: a temporary fastener, which is used to connect and fix the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 8. One end of the temporary fastener is fixedly connected to the lower bearing plate 8, and the other end is fixedly connected to the upper bearing plate 1. After the limiting component is installed and fixed, the temporary fastener is removed, allowing the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 8 to become two separate entities that can rotate or slide. It should be noted that the temporary fastener is pre-installed at the factory and does not require on-site installation; it can be removed after construction is completed. The temporary fasteners include an upper seat plate connecting piece and a lower seat plate connecting piece. The upper seat plate connecting piece is fixedly connected to the upper seat plate 1, and the lower seat plate connecting piece is fixedly connected to the lower seat plate 8. The upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 8 are detachably connected. Specifically, the upper seat plate connecting piece is screwed or welded to the upper seat plate 1, and the lower seat plate connecting piece is screwed or welded to the lower seat plate 8. The upper seat plate connecting piece has an upper seat plate connecting hole, and the lower seat plate connecting piece has a lower seat plate connecting hole. A sleeve is used to bolt the upper seat plate connecting piece and the lower seat plate connecting piece through the upper seat plate connecting hole and the lower seat plate connecting hole to fix the upper seat plate connecting piece and the lower seat plate connecting piece together. That is, the upper seat plate 1 and the lower seat plate 8 are fixedly connected together by screwing the upper seat plate connecting piece and using a sleeve. After the limit assembly is installed and fixed, the temporary fasteners are removed.

[0041] When replacing the intermediate component of the bridge bearing, the beam is supported by a jack; the limiting component is removed, the intermediate component is replaced, and the limiting component is installed.

[0042] The scope of application of the bridge bearing provided in this application includes: GPZ series of highway pot bearings, QZ series and JQZ series of spherical bearings, JZQZ series of friction pendulum spherical vibration isolation bearings, QPZ series of highway bridge pot bearings, LQZ series of high load-bearing fully enclosed spherical bearings, TPZ series of pot bearings, and JHPZ series of pot bearings.

[0043] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features of the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0044] For those skilled in the art, this invention can be implemented through other embodiments that do not depart from its spirit or essential characteristics. It is obvious that this invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, all embodiments are merely illustrative and not exhaustive, and should be considered exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and therefore all changes falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. All changes within the scope of this invention or its equivalents are included in this invention.

Claims

1. A bridge bearing, characterized in that, include: Upper seat plate, which is used to connect with the beam body; A lower seat plate, which is located below the upper seat plate; An intermediate component is disposed between the lower seat plate and the upper seat plate for transmitting loads, and the intermediate component is placed on the lower seat plate. and A limiting component is located on the circumferential periphery of the intermediate component, the inner wall of the limiting component is in contact with the intermediate component, the limiting component limits the radial displacement of the intermediate component, and the limiting component and the lower seat plate are detachably connected. The intermediate component includes a base basin, which is placed on the lower seat plate; The limiting component includes a limiting part and a connecting part. The limiting part is disposed on the circumferential outer side of the base basin to prevent the base basin from moving radially. The limiting part is detachably connected to the lower seat plate through the connecting part.

2. The bridge bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting part includes multiple limiting blocks, which cooperate with each other to hug the bottom basin and then connect to form a ring structure; the inner wall of the limiting block is in contact with the intermediate component; Part of the lower seat plate is embedded in the pad stone, while the other part is exposed outside the pad stone.

3. The bridge bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate component also includes: A rubber sheet is installed above the bottom plate of the basin for pressure resistance, cushioning, and shock absorption. An intermediate steel plate is placed above the rubber plate to enhance load-bearing capacity.

4. The bridge bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom basin is basin-shaped; The intermediate component also includes: A sealing ring, located between the rubber plate and the intermediate steel plate, is used for buffer sealing; A wear-resistant plate, located between the intermediate steel plate and the upper seat plate, is used to reduce frictional resistance; A metal plate is located between the wear-resistant plate and the upper seat plate, and the metal plate is in contact with the upper seat plate.

5. The bridge bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the basin is shaped like a concave spherical surface; The intermediate component also includes: A spherical crown liner is disposed above the base basin, wherein the bottom convex spherical surface of the spherical crown liner matches the concave spherical surface of the base basin; A wear-resistant plate, comprising a first wear-resistant plate and a second wear-resistant plate, wherein the first wear-resistant plate is located between the spherical crown liner and the base plate, and the second wear-resistant plate is located between the spherical crown liner and the upper seat plate; The metal plate includes a first metal plate and a second metal plate. The first metal plate is located between the first wear-resistant plate and the base plate, and the first metal plate is in contact with the base plate. The second metal plate is located between the second wear-resistant plate and the upper seat plate, and the second metal plate is in contact with the upper seat plate.

6. The bridge bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: Temporary fasteners are used to connect and secure the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate. One end of the temporary fastener is fixedly connected to the lower base plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the upper base plate.

7. The bridge bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that, The temporary fastener includes an upper seat plate connecting piece and a lower seat plate connecting piece. The upper seat plate connecting piece is fixedly connected to the upper seat plate, and the lower seat plate connecting piece is fixedly connected to the lower seat plate. The upper seat plate and the lower seat plate are detachably connected to fix the upper seat plate and the lower seat plate together.

8. The bridge bearing according to claim 7, characterized in that, The upper seat plate connecting piece is provided with an upper seat plate connecting hole, and the lower seat plate connecting piece is provided with a lower seat plate connecting hole. Bolts are used to fix the upper seat plate connecting piece and the lower seat plate connecting piece together through the upper seat plate connecting hole and the lower seat plate connecting hole.

9. The bridge bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting part is a through hole; The limiting part is fixed by screwing the connecting part and the lower base plate.

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