A mountainous wandering river harnessing structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to water ecological restoration and river management technical field, concretely discloses a mountainous type river management structure, including ecological revetment and ecological water -permeable submerged dam, the ecological revetment includes the foot, the slope and the top of setting in the natural bank slope in turn from low to high protection, the foot includes two layers stacked up the box type gabion net, the ecological water -permeable submerged dam is arranged at least two groups on the river bed, the ecological water -permeable submerged dam is perpendicular to the water flow direction and ecological revetment, and both ends of ecological water -permeable submerged dam are fixedly connected to the ecological revetment of both sides, the utility model discloses the ecological revetment along the river channel arrangement, has retained the natural form of sinuous and tortuous river shoreline, has carried out the stabilization solidification to the river bank, and also has limited the mainstream meandering swing range. Ecological water -permeable submerged dam group is arranged on the river channel along the water flow direction interval, can adjust the water surface gradient and limit river bottom scouring, can improve the water flow flow pattern, has improved the river regime, has stabilized the river bed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water ecological restoration and river management technology, specifically to a management structure for wandering rivers in mountainous areas. Background Technology

[0002] For mountain rivers in valley areas, due to their large longitudinal gradient, fast flow velocity, and high bedload content, the flow velocity decreases sharply in sections where the river suddenly widens, leading to significant sediment deposition and the formation of wandering channels. Wandering channels are characterized by wide, shallow, and variable riverbeds, numerous sandbars and shoals that are easily moved and deformed, frequent shifts in the main channel, and numerous distributaries. Their instability triggers a series of flood control, ecological protection, and socio-economic problems. For example, the steep slopes in mountainous areas result in strong sediment transport capacity, leading to drastic changes in riverbed scouring and deposition. During floods, changes in the main channel or sediment deposition can impede flood flow, causing flooding, bank erosion, and other disasters. The wandering nature of the river also leads to an imbalance in the water-sediment relationship, making it difficult to form a stable river ecosystem and impacting biodiversity. All of these factors place enormous pressure on mountain river regulation projects. Control structures are easily destroyed and may exacerbate downstream erosion, requiring long-term reinforcement and maintenance, directly resulting in high costs for conventional management.

[0003] To address the characteristics and problems of meandering rivers in mountainous areas, current domestic and international measures generally include protective and control engineering to gradually reduce the range of mainstream meandering and stabilize the river course, specifically including groynes, longitudinal dikes, and bank protection projects. Traditional management measures, aiming to improve river course, stabilize the riverbed, and ensure flood control capacity, select durable and erosion-resistant materials, primarily using hard materials and rigid structures such as masonry and concrete. However, these measures fail to consider the dynamic evolution of the river channel, cannot adapt to natural riverbed deformation, have poor adaptability, are easily damaged and deformed, and have high maintenance costs. Hardening engineering blocks ecological corridors, leading to a decline in biodiversity; excessive engineering intervention in the natural evolution of the river channel exacerbates the risk of soil erosion. Furthermore, the unstable characteristics of meandering rivers in mountainous areas, such as large longitudinal gradients, rapid flow, siltation leading to wide and shallow channels, and frequent mainstream meandering, present challenges related to flood control safety, ecological damage, and high engineering maintenance costs. Traditional management measures (such as groynes and revetments) can control water flow in the short term, but they have drawbacks such as poor adaptability, easy erosion, ecological disruption, and high long-term maintenance costs. Furthermore, excessive engineering intervention may exacerbate soil erosion.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a governance structure for wandering rivers in mountainous areas to solve the problems existing in current technologies. Utility Model Content

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a mountain wandering river management structure that can effectively stabilize the river course and has low maintenance costs.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A structure for managing meandering rivers in mountainous areas includes ecological revetments and ecological permeable submerged dams; The ecological bank protection includes toe protection, slope protection and coping set sequentially on the natural bank slope from low to high; the toe protection includes two layers of stacked box-shaped gabion netting, and the slope protection includes slope protection gabion netting set on the natural bank slope and planting soil covering the slope protection gabion netting; At least two sets of the ecological permeable submerged dams are arranged at intervals on the riverbed. The ecological permeable submerged dams are perpendicular to the water flow direction and the ecological revetment. Both ends of the ecological permeable submerged dams are fixedly connected to the ecological revetment on both sides.

[0007] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: The top of the revetment is located between the riverbed and the multi-year average water level; the lower layer of gabion mesh of the revetment protrudes towards the middle of the riverbed relative to the upper layer of gabion mesh.

[0008] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: The top of the foot guard protrudes 30cm-50cm above the riverbed.

[0009] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: The portion of the planting soil above the multi-year average water level is planted with the first shrub and grass vegetation. The first shrub and grass vegetation includes bermudagrass and tall fescue; Secondary shrub and grass vegetation has also been planted on the natural bank slope above the ecological revetment; The second shrub and grass vegetation includes at least one of sea buckthorn, purple locust, tamarisk and vetiver.

[0010] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: The capping is a concrete capping cast on site, and the top of the capping is located above the design water level.

[0011] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: An ecological bank protection filter geotextile is installed between the gabion mesh and the natural bank slope for reverse filtration.

[0012] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: The ecological permeable submersible dam includes a first gabion mesh toothed wall, a dam body gabion mesh, a second gabion mesh toothed wall, a retaining gabion mesh, a third gabion mesh toothed wall, and a riprap backfill area, which are sequentially connected and set on the riverbed along the river flow direction. The gabion mesh of the dam body is raised in the middle, and the upstream slope of the raised middle is gentler than the downstream slope; The protective gabion netting is horizontally set on the riverbed; A support assembly is also installed below the central bulge of the dam body gabion mesh. The support assembly includes three stacked box-shaped gabion meshes. The lower layer of the support assembly includes three gabion meshes, the middle layer includes two gabion meshes arranged at intervals, and the upper layer includes two gabion meshes. The gaps between the gabion meshes arranged at intervals in the middle layer are filled with riverbed dredging material. The first gabion mesh toothed wall, the support components, the second gabion mesh toothed wall, and the third gabion mesh toothed wall are all buried below the riverbed.

[0013] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: An ecological permeable submersible dam filter geotextile is also installed between the riverbed and the ecological permeable submersible dam for reverse filtration. The ecological permeable submersible dam filter geotextile is embedded and fixed in the first gabion mesh toothed wall, the second gabion mesh toothed wall and the third gabion mesh toothed wall. The support assembly is also equipped with an impermeable geomembrane. The upper end of the impermeable geomembrane is anchored to the gabion mesh of the dam body, the middle part of the impermeable geomembrane passes through the riverbed excavation material, and the lower end of the impermeable geomembrane is anchored to the bottom gabion mesh of the support assembly.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: The crest elevation of the upstream permeable submerged dam is greater than that of the downstream permeable submerged dam, and the distance between the upstream and downstream permeable submerged dams is 100m to 400m. All the ecological permeable submersible dams are designed to protrude upstream as a whole.

[0015] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: Both the gabion mesh and the rubble backfill area are filled with stones.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are: 1. A structure for managing meandering rivers in mountainous areas, comprising ecological revetments and permeable ecological dams; the ecological revetments are arranged along the river's flow direction on the natural slopes on both sides of the river; the permeable ecological dams are spaced apart on the riverbed, perpendicular to the water flow direction and the ecological revetments, with both ends of the dams embedded and fixed within the ecological revetments. This invention, by arranging the ecological revetments along the original riverbank, preserves the meandering natural form of the existing riverbank while stabilizing and solidifying it, and also limits the range of meandering flow. The permeable ecological dam group, spaced apart along the water flow direction, can adjust the water surface gradient and limit riverbed erosion. The permeable dams, arranged convex upstream, improve the water flow pattern, reduce riverbed erosion, prevent the main channel from eroding, improve the river's course, and stabilize the riverbed.

[0017] 2. This utility model utilizes a flexible structure to replace rigid engineering, significantly reducing maintenance costs. The use of flexible materials such as gabion mesh reduces structural damage rates and adapts to natural riverbed deformation, extending the project's service life. Furthermore, the internal filling material of the gabion mesh is boulders, pebbles, and other stones, which can be sourced locally and used directly after washing during river excavation, reducing project costs and offering excellent economic efficiency and durability.

[0018] 3. Both the ecological revetment and the ecological permeable submerged dam in this utility model utilize gabion mesh, which is natural, ecological, environmentally friendly, and pollution-free, conforming to the national concept of green and sustainable development. The boulders and pebbles filling the gabion cages are loose materials with numerous pores and gaps, allowing for natural water exchange between the bank slope and the river channel, providing habitats for aquatic organisms and enhancing biodiversity. The ecological revetment surface layer above the normal water level is covered with planting soil, effectively restoring the river ecosystem. The planting of fast-growing willows, sea buckthorn, and other plants not only stabilizes the soil and prevents erosion but also reduces the impact of revetment and submerged dam construction on the river channel, accelerating the restoration of the ecological environment within the river area. 4. The ecological permeable submerged dam group in this utility model is arranged at intervals on the river channel, which can optimize the longitudinal slope of the river channel and adjust the longitudinal morphology of the riverbed. A deep pool with a certain water storage capacity is formed on the upstream side of the ecological permeable submerged dam, and a gentle slope overflow surface that can maintain the ecological base flow is formed on the downstream side of the ecological permeable submerged dam. During the flood season, it can slow down the flow velocity and prevent erosion of the riverbed and banks. During the dry season, it can conserve water and store water to prevent the river channel from drying up. It provides a migration channel for fish in the river and has good ecological water-friendly effect and landscape effect.

[0019] 5. The ecological revetment and permeable submerged dam group in this utility model are mainly constructed from gabion mesh, ensuring safe and reliable operation and simple and convenient maintenance. The ecological revetment and permeable submerged dam group require no facilities or equipment for human management. Due to the permeability of the ecological revetment, the grass seeds on the slope surface require only appropriate watering after the initial sowing; subsequent watering and maintenance are unnecessary, allowing them to grow naturally. Because the permeable submerged dam slows the river flow, its upstream pool provides a certain degree of sediment interception and prevents downstream siltation. Only appropriate dredging of the upstreammost ecological permeable submerged dam pool is required during the annual dry season, reducing the workload of daily maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of the ecological bank protection and ecological permeable submerged dam according to an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the ecological revetment at point AA; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the ecological permeable submerged dam at point BB.

[0021] Among them, 1. Natural bank slope; 2. Ecological bank protection, 2.1. Toe protection, 2.2. Slope protection, 2.21. Slope protection gabion mesh, 2.22. Planting soil, 2.23. First shrub and grass vegetation, 2.3. Coping, 2.4. Second shrub and grass vegetation, 2.5. Ecological bank protection reverse filter geotextile; 3. Ecological permeable submerged dam, 3.1. First gabion mesh toothed wall, 3.2. Dam body gabion mesh, 3.3. Second gabion mesh toothed wall, 3.4. Revetment gabion mesh, 3.5. Third gabion mesh toothed wall, 3.6. Rockfill backfill area, 3.7. Support components, 3.8. Ecological permeable submerged dam reverse filter geotextile, 3.9. Impermeable geomembrane, 3.10. Riverbed excavation material; H1. Riverbed elevation; H2. Normal water level elevation; H3. Design water level elevation; H4. Bank top elevation. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] Example: This embodiment describes a mountainous meandering river management structure as part of a county-level comprehensive water ecological management project. The relevant data for the river to be managed are as follows: source elevation 4118m, estuary elevation 2975m, estuary flow rate 8.27 m³ / s, total river length 45.02km, drainage area 646.49km², and average river gradient 14.1‰, classifying it as a typical mountainous river. This embodiment uses the management of the upstream meandering section of this river as an example to illustrate the application of this invention. The upstream section of the managed river is 1.8km long from start to finish, with a drainage area of ​​approximately 615km². 2 The riverbed elevation ranges from approximately 3072.67m at the starting point to approximately 3052.04m at the ending point, with an average gradient of 11.5‰. The river width ranges from 15m to 105m, narrowing upstream and widening downstream. The main stream meanders from side to side, exhibiting severe lateral erosion. The riverbed is covered with shallows, dividing the flow into numerous distributaries, resulting in a highly turbulent flow and significant scouring. The riverbed has undergone some downcutting, and the vegetation cover on both banks is low, with many exposed areas, indicating a poor ecological environment.

[0024] The area where the river channel is located has an average annual temperature of 5.9℃, an extreme maximum temperature of 30℃, an extreme minimum temperature of -21℃, an average temperature of -16℃ in the coldest month, and fewer than 200 freeze-thaw cycles per year. The freezing period is from December to February of the following year, classifying it as a severely cold region. The average annual precipitation is 723.2 mm, with a maximum daily rainfall of 46.0 mm. The average annual evaporation is 1127.1 mm, the average frost-free period is 220 days, the average relative humidity is 64%, the average wind speed is 1.3 m / s, the maximum wind speed is 15.7 m / s, the most frequent wind direction is SSW, and there are 50 days of thunderstorms. The flood peak flows for the treated river are 121 m³ / s, 107 m³ / s, 88 m³ / s, 74 m³ / s, 60 m³ / s, and 42 m³ / s respectively, representing a 100-year, 50-year, 20-year, 10-year, 5-year, and 2-year return periods. The multi-year average suspended sediment transport modulus is 150 t / km², with a total sediment load of 113,400 t, including 18,900 t of bedload sediment and 94,500 t of suspended sediment. The normal water level of the treated river is 3053.50 m to 3069.41 m, the design flood level is 3054.55 m to 3071.23 m, and the design flow velocity is 0.8 m / s to 3.55 m / s.

[0025] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the arrows indicate the direction of river flow. The mountainous wandering river management structure provided in this embodiment includes an ecological revetment 2 and an ecological permeable submerged dam 3. The ecological revetment 2 is arranged on the natural bank slope 1 on both sides of the river along the river flow direction. The ecological permeable submerged dam 3 is arranged at intervals on the riverbed. The ecological permeable submerged dam 3 is perpendicular to the water flow direction and the ecological revetment 2. Both ends of the ecological permeable submerged dam 3 are fixed inside the ecological revetment 2.

[0026] The ecological bank protection 2 includes a toe protection 2.1, a slope protection 2.2, and a coping 2.3, which are arranged sequentially from low to high on the natural bank slope 1. The toe protection 2.1 includes two stacked box-shaped gabion nets, with the lower gabion net and part of the upper gabion net below the riverbed. The lower gabion net protrudes towards the middle of the riverbed relative to the upper gabion net. The slope of the slope protection 2.2 is 1:2, and includes a slope protection gabion net 2.21 set on the natural bank slope 1 and planting soil 2.22 covering the slope protection gabion net 2.21. The coping 2.3 is a cast-in-place concrete coping 2.3.

[0027] The layout of the ecological bank protection 2 is determined in conjunction with the transverse design of the river channel. It is located on the natural bank slope 1 on both sides of the river channel, parallel to the direction of the river flow. Its main functions are to construct a natural shoreline, improve the river's course, prevent bank erosion, and restore the river's ecology.

[0028] The top of the footing 2.1 protrudes 30cm-50cm above the riverbed and is below the multi-year average water level, i.e., below the normal water level elevation H2. The portion of the planting soil 2.22 above the multi-year average water level is planted with fast-growing, erosion-resistant first shrub and grass vegetation 2.23; the first shrub and grass vegetation 2.23 includes bermudagrass and tall fescue, and the planting ratio of bermudagrass and tall fescue can be adjusted according to the environment.

[0029] The top elevation of the ecological revetment 2 is above the design water level H3. The top of the ecological revetment 2 is also planted with fast-growing and erosion-resistant second shrub and grass vegetation 2.4. The second shrub and grass vegetation 2.4 includes at least one of sea buckthorn, purple locust, tamarisk and vetiver grass, and a variety can be planted according to environmental adaptability.

[0030] An ecological revetment filter geotextile 2.5 is installed between the ecological revetment 2 and the natural bank slope 1 for reverse filtration.

[0031] The ecological permeable submersible dam 3 includes a first gabion mesh toothed wall 3.1, a dam body gabion mesh 3.2, a second gabion mesh toothed wall 3.3, a retaining gabion mesh 3.4, a third gabion mesh toothed wall 3.5, and a riprap backfill area 3.6, which are sequentially connected and set on the riverbed along the river flow direction. The dam body gabion mesh 3.4 has a central bulge, and the upstream slope of the central bulge is gentler than the downstream slope; The protective gabion netting 3.4 is horizontally set on the riverbed; A support component 3.7 is also installed below the central bulge of the dam body gabion mesh 3.2. The support component 3.7 includes three stacked box-shaped gabion meshes. The lower layer of the support component 3.7 includes three gabion meshes, the middle layer includes two gabion meshes arranged at intervals, and the upper layer includes two gabion meshes. The gaps between the gabion meshes arranged at intervals in the middle layer are filled with riverbed dredging material. The first gabion mesh toothed wall 3.1, the support component 3.7, the second gabion mesh toothed wall 3.3, and the third gabion mesh toothed wall 3.5 are all buried below the riverbed.

[0032] The slope of the upstream slope is 1:3; the slope of the downstream slope is 1:10. The layout of the ecological permeable submerged dams 3 is determined in conjunction with the longitudinal design of the river channel. Each ecological permeable submerged dam 3 is perpendicular to the direction of the river flow and the ecological revetment 2, with both ends extending into the ecological revetment 2. The structure is mostly of the gentle slope type, and the materials are sourced locally. The main functions are to adjust the water surface gradient, limit the scouring of the riverbed, improve the flow pattern, ensure the ecological base flow, prevent siltation in the river section, and enhance the landscape effect.

[0033] An ecological permeable submersible dam filter geotextile 3.8 is also installed between the riverbed and the ecological permeable submersible dam 3 for reverse filtration. The ecological permeable submersible dam filter geotextile 3.8 is embedded and fixed in the first gabion mesh toothed wall 3.1, the second gabion mesh toothed wall 3.3 and the third gabion mesh toothed wall 3.5. The support component 3.7 is also equipped with an impermeable geomembrane 3.9. The upper end of the impermeable geomembrane 3.9 is anchored to the gabion mesh 3.2 of the dam body, the middle part of the impermeable geomembrane 3.9 passes through the river excavation material 3.10, and the lower end of the impermeable geomembrane 3.9 is anchored to the bottom gabion mesh of the support component 3.7.

[0034] The ecological permeable submerged dam 3 is arranged in two sets at intervals along the direction of water flow on the river channel. The top elevation of the upstream ecological permeable submerged dam 3 is greater than that of the downstream ecological permeable submerged dam 3. The distance between the upstream and downstream ecological permeable submerged dam 3 is 100m to 400m. The ecological permeable submersible dams 3 are all designed to protrude upstream as a whole, with a dam axis rotation angle of 150° and a radius of 6m.

[0035] The upper gabion mesh of the foot protection 2.1 has a size of 1m×1m×1m, the lower gabion mesh has a size of 1.5m×1m×1m, the slope protection gabion mesh 2.21 has a size of 0.3m×1m×1m, and the coping 2.3 has a size of 0.2m×0.4m; the gabion mesh of the first gabion mesh toothed wall 3.1 and the support component 3.7 has a size of 1m×1m×1m; the dam body gabion mesh 3.2 and the abutment gabion mesh 3.4 have a size of 0.5m×1m×1m; the second gabion mesh toothed wall 3.3 has a size of 1.5m×1m×1m, and the third gabion mesh toothed wall 3.5 has a size of 2.0m×1m×1m.

[0036] As a further embodiment, the gabion mesh has a mesh size of 50mm×60mm, uses zinc-aluminum alloy steel wire, has a tensile strength of 50KN / m, and the filling stone particle size is preferably D80~300mm, with a strength grade of MU30, a specific gravity of not less than 2.5t / m3, and is not easily disintegrated or hydrolyzed when exposed to water, and is resistant to weathering.

[0037] After structural optimization in this embodiment, the optimized data is shown in the following table:

[0038] The left and right ecological revetments 2 are arranged along the original riverbank slope 1, respectively, using a gabion mesh toe protection 2.1 + slope protection 2.2 + coping 2.3. Toe protection 2.1 is constructed using the toe protection 2.1 method, buried at a depth of 1.5m~1.7m. The entire lower layer and part of the upper layer of gabion mesh are buried below the riverbed, with the top of the upper layer protruding 30cm-50cm above the riverbed and below the multi-year average water level. The slope 2.2 of the ecological revetment 2 has a 1:2 slope, with a single layer of gabion mesh at the bottom, covered with planting soil 2.22, and planted with vegetation above the multi-year average water level (Bermudagrass, tall fescue). The coping 2.3 of the ecological revetment 2 uses cast-in-place concrete, with the top elevation H4 taken as the design water level plus 0.5m, and planted with vegetation on the top (sea buckthorn, Amorpha fruticosa, Tamarix, Vetiver). Geotextile is installed between the ecological revetment 2 and the original riverbank slope 1 for reverse filtration. The upper gabion mesh for the toe protection (2.1) measures 1m × 1m × 1m, the lower gabion mesh for the toe protection (2.1) measures 1.5m × 1m × 1m, the gabion mesh for the slope protection (2.2) measures 0.3m × 1m × 1m, and the coping (2.3) is cast-in-place concrete measuring 0.2m × 0.4m. The bottom elevation of the toe protection (2.1) is 3050.56m~3071.17m, the riverbed elevation H1 is 3052.06m~3072.67m, the normal water level elevation H2 is 3052.36m~3072.97m, the design flood level is 3054.16m~3074.62m, and the top elevation of the revetment H4 is 3054.66m~3075.12m. The ecological revetment design results for each section are shown in Table 1-2.

[0039]

[0040] Five ecological permeable submerged dams (3) were constructed in the upstream section of the river for river management, located at chainages K0+420.00, K0+780.0, K1+120.0, K1+420.0, and K1+680.0. The dam axis length was adapted to the river width, ranging from 50m to 105m. Each ecological permeable submerged dam (3) consists of an upstream slope, dam body, downstream slope, and horizontal abutment. The upstream slope has a gradient of 1:3, with a gabion mesh toothed wall at the front, entirely buried below the riverbed. The slope uses a single layer of gabion mesh, connecting to the front toothed wall and the top of the rear dam body. The dam body uses support components (3.7). The first layer consists of two horizontally tightly arranged components, the second layer of two horizontally spaced components filled with riverbed excavation material (3.10), and the third layer of three horizontally tightly arranged components. The upper part of the dam body uses a single layer of gabion mesh, forming a flat slope, connecting to the upstream and downstream slopes and the dam body. The downstream slope has a gradient of 1:10. A single-layer gabion mesh is used, connected to the dam body and downstream apron. The apron also uses a single-layer gabion mesh, with gabion mesh toothed walls at the front and rear, which are entirely buried below the riverbed. The tail end is backfilled with riprap for erosion control. Geotextile is installed between the upstream and downstream slopes, the top surface of the dam body, and the gabion mesh of the apron and the original riverbed for reverse filtration, with the geotextile embedded in the toothed walls. A geomembrane is installed in the middle of the dam body for seepage prevention. The upper part of the geomembrane is anchored to the gabion mesh on the dam surface, and the middle part passes through 3.10 mm of excavated material from the river channel. The lower part of the geomembrane is anchored to the bottom of the third layer of gabion mesh in the dam body. The dimensions of the upstream front toothed wall and the gabion mesh of the dam body are 1m×1m×1m. The dimensions of the upstream slope, downstream slope, top surface of the dam body, and the apron gabion mesh are 0.5m×1m×1m. The dimensions of the gabion mesh in the front toothed wall of the apron are 1.5m×1m×1m. The dimensions of the gabion mesh in the rear toothed wall of the apron are 2.0m×1m×1m. The design results for each submerged dam bank are shown in Tables 1-3.

[0041]

[0042] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model, and the protection scope of this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. For those skilled in the art, improvements and modifications obtained without departing from the technical concept of this utility model should also be considered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A structure for managing meandering rivers in mountainous areas, characterized by: This includes ecological revetments and ecological permeable submerged dams; The ecological bank protection includes toe protection, slope protection and coping set sequentially on the natural bank slope from low to high; the toe protection includes two layers of stacked box-shaped gabion netting, and the slope protection includes slope protection gabion netting set on the natural bank slope and planting soil covering the slope protection gabion netting; At least two sets of the ecological permeable submerged dams are arranged at intervals on the riverbed. The ecological permeable submerged dams are perpendicular to the water flow direction and the ecological revetment. Both ends of the ecological permeable submerged dams are fixedly connected to the ecological revetment on both sides.

2. The mountainous wandering river management structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the revetment is located between the riverbed and the multi-year average water level; the lower layer of gabion mesh of the revetment protrudes towards the middle of the riverbed relative to the upper layer of gabion mesh.

3. The mountainous wandering river management structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the foot guard protrudes 30cm-50cm above the riverbed.

4. The mountainous wandering river management structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The portion of the planting soil above the multi-year average water level is planted with the first shrub and grass vegetation. The first shrub and grass vegetation includes bermudagrass and tall fescue; Secondary shrub and grass vegetation has also been planted on the natural bank slope above the ecological revetment; The second shrub and grass vegetation includes at least one of sea buckthorn, purple locust, tamarisk and vetiver.

5. The mountainous wandering river management structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capping is a concrete capping cast on site, and the top of the capping is located above the design water level.

6. The mountainous wandering river management structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An ecological bank protection filter geotextile is installed between the gabion mesh and the natural bank slope for reverse filtration.

7. A mountain-area wandering river management structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The ecological permeable submersible dam includes a first gabion mesh toothed wall, a dam body gabion mesh, a second gabion mesh toothed wall, a retaining gabion mesh, a third gabion mesh toothed wall, and a riprap backfill area, which are sequentially connected and set on the riverbed along the river flow direction. The gabion mesh of the dam body is raised in the middle, and the upstream slope of the raised middle is gentler than the downstream slope; The protective gabion netting is horizontally set on the riverbed; A support assembly is also installed below the central bulge of the dam body gabion mesh. The support assembly includes three stacked box-shaped gabion meshes. The lower layer of the support assembly includes three gabion meshes, the middle layer includes two gabion meshes arranged at intervals, and the upper layer includes two gabion meshes. The gaps between the gabion meshes arranged at intervals in the middle layer are filled with riverbed dredging material. The first gabion mesh toothed wall, the support components, the second gabion mesh toothed wall, and the third gabion mesh toothed wall are all buried below the riverbed.

8. The mountainous wandering river management structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: An ecological permeable submersible dam filter geotextile is also installed between the riverbed and the ecological permeable submersible dam for reverse filtration. The ecological permeable submersible dam filter geotextile is embedded and fixed in the first gabion mesh toothed wall, the second gabion mesh toothed wall and the third gabion mesh toothed wall. The support assembly is also equipped with an impermeable geomembrane. The upper end of the impermeable geomembrane is anchored to the gabion mesh of the dam body, the middle part of the impermeable geomembrane passes through the riverbed excavation material, and the lower end of the impermeable geomembrane is anchored to the bottom gabion mesh of the support assembly.

9. A mountain-area wandering river management structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The crest elevation of the upstream permeable submerged dam is greater than that of the downstream permeable submerged dam, and the distance between the upstream and downstream permeable submerged dams is 100m to 400m. All the ecological permeable submersible dams are designed to protrude upstream as a whole.

10. A mountain-area wandering river management structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: Both the gabion mesh and the rubble backfill area are filled with stones.

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