A penetration device for detecting compactness of sand

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of sand compaction degree detection is penetrated into device in the field of construction engineering, including probe rod body and the probe for detecting sand compaction degree of being set at the probe rod body bottom end, further include: drop hammer, liftable setting on the probe rod body, for driving the probe in sand down strike;Correcting unit, sleeve setting in the lower end of the probe rod body and with the ground fixed, for the probe rod body falling to guide, the utility model is fixed by correcting unit sleeve setting in the lower end of the probe rod body and with the ground, can provide stable guiding effect for probe rod body in falling process, so that probe can be vertically accurately penetrated into sand, avoid the uneven stress and detection position deviation of probe due to probe rod body deviation, to obtain more real data reflecting sand compaction degree, improve the accuracy of detection result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building engineering technology, specifically to a penetration device for testing the compaction of sand and soil. Background Technology

[0002] In engineering construction in aeolian sandy areas (deserts, Gobi, etc.), the density of sand is an important parameter and a crucial basis for selecting the characteristic value of the foundation bearing capacity of buildings and structures. It also provides guidance for the selection of engineering design schemes and investment costs.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for testing the compaction of sand are in-situ testing and laboratory testing, including static cone penetration tests, dynamic cone penetration tests, standard penetration tests, and relative compaction tests. The standard penetration test uses a drop hammer of a certain mass to drive a standard-sized conical probe into the soil layer from a certain free fall height. The changes in soil layer density are judged based on the number of blows, penetration depth, or dynamic penetration resistance, thus evaluating the compaction of the sand.

[0004] In aeolian sandy areas (deserts, Gobi, etc.), the instruments and equipment for in-situ testing of sand density (static cone penetration test, dynamic cone penetration test, standard penetration test, etc.) are relatively bulky and are mainly used in conventional sites with good transportation conditions.

[0005] The existing equipment has the following disadvantages: However, due to the special nature of the power industry, the sites of power transmission towers, photovoltaic frame foundations, wind power generation foundations, substation sites, etc. are mostly located in remote and uninhabited areas. During the preliminary survey, the transportation conditions are poor, and vehicles generally cannot directly reach the site. It is necessary to carry simple equipment to the site for survey. The bulky testing instruments are not convenient to carry. In addition, the existing penetration devices are prone to deviation during the descent of the probe, which causes the probe to not penetrate the sand and soil accurately and vertically, affecting the accuracy of the test results.

[0006] Therefore, this application proposes a penetration device for testing the compaction of sand to solve the above-mentioned problems. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a penetration device for testing the compaction of sand, so as to solve the problems that the bulky testing instruments are inconvenient to carry, and that the existing penetration devices are prone to deviation during the fall of the probe, which causes the probe to not penetrate the sand accurately and vertically, thus affecting the accuracy of the test results.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a penetration device for detecting the compaction of sand, comprising a probe body and a probe disposed at the bottom end of the probe body for detecting the compaction of sand, and further comprising: The drop hammer, which can be raised and lowered on the probe body, is used to drive the probe to strike downwards in the sand. The guide unit is sleeved on the lower end of the probe body and fixed to the ground to be inspected, and is used to guide the falling probe body.

[0009] The probe body includes a main rod, a standard rod detachably fixed to the lower end of the main rod, a connecting rod detachably fixed to the lower end of the standard rod for mounting the probe, and a handle located on the top of the main rod.

[0010] The main rod is equipped with a limiting component to restrict the downward movement distance of the drop hammer. The limiting component includes an upper buckle that is adjustable and fixed on the main rod and a lower buckle that is adjustable and disposed on the main rod and located below the upper buckle.

[0011] The guiding unit includes: A positioning cylinder, sleeved on the connecting rod, is used to guide the downward-moving connecting rod; The outriggers are adjustablely mounted on the outer end face of the positioning cylinder and fixedly connected to the ground by fixing nails, and are used to support the positioning cylinder.

[0012] The guiding unit further includes: The support mechanism, which is adjustable at equal angles, is set inside the positioning cylinder to support and guide the connecting rod; An adjustment mechanism, mounted on the positioning cylinder and connected to the support mechanism, is used to adjust the installation position of the support mechanism.

[0013] The supporting mechanism includes: A movable seat is adjustablely disposed inside the positioning cylinder and connected to the adjustment mechanism; The mounting shafts are spaced apart on the movable seat; A support roller, sleeved on the mounting shaft and abutting against the connecting rod, is used to guide the downward-moving connecting rod. The guide blocks are spaced apart on the side of the movable seat away from the support roller and pass through the slots opened on the positioning cylinder.

[0014] The adjustment mechanism includes: The mounting base is located at the top of the positioning cylinder; A rotating ring is rotatably disposed inside the mounting base; A transmission component, located at the lower end of the rotating ring and connected to the movable seat, is used to drive the movable seat to move inside the positioning cylinder.

[0015] The transmission component includes: A flat spiral disc is disposed at the lower end of the rotating ring; The rack is mounted on the mounting base, with its upper end meshing with the flat screw disc and its lower end fixedly connected to the movable base.

[0016] The adjustment mechanism further includes: A rotating rod is set at equal angles on the outside of the rotating ring to drive the rotating ring to rotate inside the mounting base; The locking element includes a mounting plate disposed on at least one of the rotating rods and a fixing bolt threaded to the mounting plate and abutting against the mounting seat, for fixing the adjusted rotating rod to the mounting seat.

[0017] The mounting base includes: The lower seat is located at the top of the positioning cylinder; The upper seat can be detachably fixed to the top of the lower seat; The flat spiral disc is rotatably positioned in the rotating groove between the lower seat and the upper seat.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: This utility model features a detachable design for easy transport and handling. A guiding unit, fitted onto the lower end of the probe body and fixed to the ground, provides stable guidance during descent, ensuring the probe penetrates the sand vertically and accurately. This avoids uneven force on the probe and positional deviations caused by probe body offset, resulting in more accurate data reflecting sand density and improved test results. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of a structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the probe body in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the guiding unit and the probe body in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the guiding unit in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the support mechanism and the connecting rod in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded view of the guiding unit in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the positioning cylinder and the support mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the support mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a top view of the support mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Probe body; 11. Main rod; 111. Threaded section; 112. Lower buckle; 113. Upper buckle; 12. Handle; 13. Standard rod; 1301. Threaded hole; 14. Connecting rod; 2. Drop hammer; 21. Handle; 3. Probe; 4. Guiding unit; 41. Positioning cylinder; 4101. Through slot; 411. Mounting bracket; 412. Abutment plate; 413. Mounting base; 4131. Upper base; 4132. Lower base; 41 3201, Moving groove; 413202, Rotating groove; 42, Support leg; 43, Fixing pin; 44, Adjusting mechanism; 441, Rotating ring; 442, Rotating rod; 443, Locking element; 4431, Mounting plate; 4432, Fixing bolt; 444, Flat threaded disc; 445, Rack; 44501, Limiting groove; 45, Supporting mechanism; 451, Moving seat; 452, Mounting shaft; 453, Support roller; 454, Guide block. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0022] Please see Figures 1-12 This utility model provides a technical solution: a penetration device for testing the compactness of sand, including a probe body 1 and a probe 3 set at the bottom of the probe body 1 for testing the compactness of sand, and further including: a drop hammer 2, which is vertically mounted on the probe body 1 and is used to drive the probe 3 to strike the sand; and a guide unit 4, which is sleeved on the lower end of the probe body 1 and fixed to the ground to be tested, for guiding the falling probe body 1.

[0023] It should be noted that during operation, when testing the compaction of sand within a designated area, a Luoyang shovel is first used to excavate the area to be tested. A margin of at least 15cm is left between the excavated soil layer and the depth to be measured, based on the required sand depth. The depth of the borehole is then measured. Next, the sand compaction test probe body 1 is assembled, and the probe 3 is fixed to the probe body 1. Then, the guide unit 4 is fixed to the upper end of the borehole and positioned so that the center of the guide unit 4 is aligned with the center of the probe 3. The probe 3 is then passed through the guide unit 4, extending into the strata within the borehole and contacting the bottom. Handles 21 are provided on both sides of the drop hammer 2. The operator holds the handles 21, raises the drop hammer 2 to the set position, and then performs a free-fall hammer blow at a penetration rate of 15-30 blows per minute to drive the probe 3 into the borehole. In the soil layer, during the descent of the probe body 1, the guiding unit 4 can guide the probe body 1, allowing it to move vertically downwards. The length of the probe body 1 can be assembled according to the depth of the test. During hammering, the probe body 1 is first driven into the soil for 15cm without counting the blows, and then driven into the soil for another 30cm. The number of blows N is recorded. If a further penetration test is required, the probe body 1 is explored and the hole is drilled using a Luoyang shovel. The above steps are repeated until the designed hole depth is reached. After the test is completed, the probe body 1 and probe 3 are pulled out, disassembled, and stored for future use. The guiding unit 4 is fitted onto the lower end of the probe body 1 and fixed to the ground. During the descent, it provides a stable guiding effect for the probe body 1, allowing the probe 3 to penetrate the sand vertically and accurately. This avoids uneven force on the probe 3 and deviation in the detection position caused by the displacement of the probe body 1, thereby obtaining more accurate data reflecting the compaction of the sand and improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0024] In one embodiment, the probe body 1 includes a main rod 11, a standard rod 13 detachably fixed to the lower end of the main rod 11, a connecting rod 14 detachably fixed to the lower end of the standard rod 13 for mounting the probe 3, and a handle 12 disposed on the top of the main rod 11. The bottom of the main rod 11 and the standard rod 13 are provided with threaded sections 111, and the top ends of the standard rod 13 and the connecting rod 14 are provided with threaded holes 1301. The probe body 1 can be easily assembled and disassembled by means of threaded connection.

[0025] This design is for reference. Figures 1-4 The main rod 11, standard rod 13 and connecting rod 14 are fixed by threaded connection, so that the length of the probe body 1 can be adjusted according to the actual detection depth requirements by changing the number of standard rods 13, which improves the versatility and applicability of the equipment and reduces the detection cost.

[0026] In one embodiment, the main rod 11 is provided with a limiting member for limiting the downward movement distance of the drop hammer 2: the limiting member includes an upper buckle 113 that is adjustablely fixed on the main rod 11 and a lower buckle 112 that is adjustablely disposed on the main rod 11 and located below the upper buckle 113.

[0027] This design is for reference. Figure 4 The upper buckle 113 and the lower buckle 112 are adjustable and fixed on the main rod 11. By precisely adjusting the position of the upper and lower buckles 112, the downward movement distance of the drop hammer 2 on the main rod 11 can be accurately limited, thereby precisely controlling the falling height of the drop hammer 2. The falling height of the drop hammer 2 directly affects its impact force on the probe 3, and the magnitude of the impact force is closely related to the test result of the sand compaction. Therefore, controlling the falling height of the drop hammer 2 can ensure that the impact force received by the probe 3 is stable and consistent during each test, thereby obtaining more accurate and reliable sand compaction test data and reducing the test error caused by the difference in impact force.

[0028] In one embodiment, the guiding unit 4 includes: a positioning cylinder 41, sleeved on the connecting rod 14, for guiding the downward moving connecting rod 14; and a support leg 42, adjustablely disposed on the outer circular end face of the positioning cylinder 41 and fixedly connected to the ground by a fixing nail 43, for supporting the positioning cylinder 41. A mounting bracket 411 for mounting the support leg 42 is fixed on the outer side of the positioning cylinder 41, and an abutment plate 412 is provided at the lower end of the positioning cylinder 41.

[0029] This design is for reference. Figure 5 ,as well as Figure 6 The positioning cylinder 41 is sleeved on the connecting rod 14, providing a precise guide channel for the downward movement of the connecting rod 14 and the entire probe body 1. During the process of the drop hammer 2 driving the probe 3 to strike the sand, the positioning cylinder 41 can effectively limit the lateral displacement of the connecting rod 14, ensuring that the probe 3 penetrates the sand vertically. The support leg 42 is adjustable and set on the outer circular end face of the positioning cylinder 41, which allows the positioning cylinder 41 to meet the needs of different scenarios. When the ground is uneven, the operator can adjust the installation angle of the support leg 42 to keep the positioning cylinder 41 in a horizontal state, thereby ensuring that the probe body 1 falls vertically.

[0030] In one embodiment, the guiding unit 4 further includes: a support mechanism 45, which is angularly adjustable inside the positioning cylinder 41 and is used to support and guide the connecting rod 14; and an adjustment mechanism 44, which is disposed on the positioning cylinder 41 and connected to the support mechanism 45, and is used to adjust the installation position of the support mechanism 45.

[0031] This design is for reference. Figure 8The support mechanism 45 is adjustable at various angles inside the positioning cylinder 41, providing multi-directional support for the connecting rod 14. During the downward movement of the connecting rod 14, this multi-directional support can more effectively limit the lateral sway and offset of the connecting rod 14, ensuring that the connecting rod 14 always moves along the predetermined vertical direction. The adjustment mechanism 44 can adjust the installation position of the support mechanism 45 to meet the guiding use of connecting rods 14 of different sizes, and can make the support mechanism 45 fit the connecting rod 14 more closely, improving the detection accuracy.

[0032] In one embodiment, the support mechanism 45 includes: a movable seat 451, adjustablely disposed inside the positioning cylinder 41 and connected to the adjustment mechanism 44; a mounting shaft 452, spaced apart on the movable seat 451; a support roller 453, sleeved on the mounting shaft 452 and abutting against the connecting rod 14, for guiding the downwardly moving connecting rod 14; and a guide block 454, spaced apart on the side of the movable seat 451 away from the support roller 453 and passing through a slot 4101 opened on the positioning cylinder 41.

[0033] This design is for reference. Figures 6-7 ,as well as Figures 11-12 The support roller 453 is sleeved on the mounting shaft 452 and abuts against the connecting rod 14. During the downward movement of the connecting rod 14, the support roller 453 can roll around the mounting shaft 452, reducing the friction between the connecting rod 14 and the support mechanism 45, allowing the connecting rod 14 to move downward more smoothly. At the same time, the support roller 453 provides uniform support force for the connecting rod 14, ensuring that the connecting rod 14 always moves downward in the vertical direction, effectively avoiding the deviation or shaking of the connecting rod 14 during the downward movement, thereby ensuring that the probe 3 can accurately penetrate the sand and improve the accuracy of the sand compaction test results. The setting of the through groove 4101 and the guide block 454 can improve the stability of the connection between the moving seat 451 and the positioning cylinder 41, so that when the connecting rod 14 is hammered downward under the action of the drop hammer 2, the support roller 453 can provide stable support for the connecting rod 14.

[0034] In one embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 44 includes: a mounting base 413 disposed at the top end of the positioning cylinder 41; a rotating ring 441 rotatably disposed inside the mounting base 413; and a transmission member disposed at the lower end of the rotating ring 441 and connected to the movable seat 451, for driving the movable seat 451 to move inside the positioning cylinder 41.

[0035] This design is for reference. Figures 5-9By setting a mounting base 413 at the top of the positioning cylinder 41 and rotating the ring 441 inside the mounting base 413, when it is necessary to adjust the position of the support mechanism 45 to accommodate different specifications of connecting rods 14, the operator only needs to adjust the rotating ring 441 at the top of the positioning cylinder 41 to adjust the moving seat 451, so that the support roller 453 on the moving seat 451 abuts against the connecting rod 14.

[0036] In one embodiment, the transmission component includes: a flat screw disc 444 disposed at the lower end of the rotating ring 441; and a rack 445 passing through the mounting base 413, with its upper end meshing with the flat screw disc 444 and its lower end fixedly connected to the movable base 451.

[0037] This design is for reference. Figure 8 ,as well as Figure 9 The flat screw disc 444 is located at the lower end of the rotating ring 441. The upper end of the rack 445 is meshed with the flat screw disc 444, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the movable seat 451. When the rotating ring 441 rotates, the flat screw disc 444 rotates synchronously. Its spiral teeth mesh with the rack 445, which can directly convert the rotational motion of the rotating ring 441 into the linear motion of the rack 445, thereby driving the movable seat 451 to move in the positioning cylinder 41, so that the support roller 453 on the movable seat 451 abuts against the connecting rod 14, guiding the downward moving connecting rod 14.

[0038] In one embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 44 further includes: a rotating rod 442, which is disposed at equal angles on the outside of the rotating ring 441, for driving the rotating ring 441 to rotate inside the mounting base 413; and a locking member 443, which includes a mounting plate 4431 disposed on at least one of the rotating rods 442 and a fixing bolt 4432 threadedly connected to the mounting plate 4431 and abutting against the mounting base 413, for fixing the adjusted rotating rod 442 to the mounting base 413.

[0039] This design is for reference. Figure 8 ,as well as Figure 9 The rotating rod 442 is set at an angle on the outside of the rotating ring 441, providing a point of leverage for the operator. When it is necessary to drive the rotating ring 441 to rotate, the operator only needs to hold the rotating rod 442 and apply force to easily drive the rotating ring 441 to rotate. The locking component 443 includes a mounting plate 4431 set on the rotating rod 442 and a fixing bolt 4432 threadedly connected to the mounting plate 4431 and abutting and fixed to the mounting seat 413. After adjustment, by tightening the fixing bolt 4432, the mounting plate 4431 and the mounting seat 413 are tightly abutted, thereby fixing the rotating rod 442 and the rotating ring 441 in the current position, preventing the rotating ring 441 from rotating on its own due to external force during the testing process, and ensuring that the position of the support mechanism 45 remains stable.

[0040] In one embodiment, the mounting base 413 includes: a lower base 4132, disposed at the top of the positioning cylinder 41; an upper base 4131, detachably fixed to the top of the lower base 4132; and a flat screw plate 444 rotatably disposed in a rotating groove 413202 between the lower base 4132 and the upper base 4131. The lower base 4132 is provided with a moving groove 413201 for the rack 445 to move, and the rack 445 is provided with limiting grooves 44501 on both sides that cooperate with the moving groove 413201. This can control the rack 445 to move linearly inside the moving groove 413201, thereby controlling the support roller 453 on the moving base 451 to fit tightly against the connecting rod 14.

[0041] This design is for reference. Figure 7 ,as well as Figure 8 The mounting base 413 is composed of a lower base 4132 and an upper base 4131 that can be detachably fixed. This split design makes the assembly and disassembly process of the entire mounting base 413 simpler. During the initial installation, the lower base 4132 can be fixed to the top of the positioning cylinder 41 first, then the flat screw plate 444 can be placed in the rotating groove 413202 between the lower base 4132 and the upper base 4131, and finally the upper base 4131 can be fixed on the lower base 4132 to complete the assembly of the mounting base 413.

[0042] Furthermore, if the embodiments involve descriptions such as "first," "second," etc., these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relation to the specification. The significance or implied number of the indicated technical features is not specified. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features.

Claims

1. A penetration device for detecting the compaction of sand, comprising a probe body (1) and a probe (3) disposed at the bottom end of the probe body (1) for detecting the compaction of sand, characterized in that, Also includes: The drop hammer (2) is raised and lowered on the probe body (1) and is used to drive the probe (3) to strike the sand. The guide unit (4) is sleeved on the lower end of the probe body (1) and fixed to the ground to be tested, and is used to guide the falling probe body (1). The probe body (1) includes a main rod (11), a standard rod (13) detachably fixed to the lower end of the main rod (11), a connecting rod (14) detachably fixed to the lower end of the standard rod (13) for installing the probe (3), and a handle (12) set on the top of the main rod (11). The main rod (11) is provided with a limiting member for limiting the downward movement distance of the drop hammer (2): The limiting component includes an upper buckle (113) that is adjustable and fixed on the main rod (11) and a lower buckle (112) that is adjustable and disposed on the main rod (11) and located below the upper buckle (113). The guiding unit (4) includes: The positioning cylinder (41) is sleeved on the connecting rod (14) and is used to guide the downward moving connecting rod (14); The outrigger (42) is adjustablely mounted on the outer end face of the positioning cylinder (41) and fixedly connected to the ground by fixing nails (43) to support the positioning cylinder (41); The guiding unit (4) further includes: The support mechanism (45) is set inside the positioning cylinder (41) at an adjustable angle to support and guide the connecting rod (14); An adjustment mechanism (44) is provided on the positioning cylinder (41) and connected to the support mechanism (45) for adjusting the installation position of the support mechanism (45).

2. The penetration device for testing the compaction of sand according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support mechanism (45) includes: The movable seat (451) is adjustablely disposed inside the positioning cylinder (41) and connected to the adjustment mechanism (44); Mounting shafts (452) are spaced apart on the movable seat (451); The support roller (453) is sleeved on the mounting shaft (452) and abuts against the connecting rod (14) to guide the downward moving connecting rod (14); The guide block (454) is spaced apart on the side of the moving seat (451) away from the support roller (453) and passes through the slot (4101) opened on the positioning cylinder (41).

3. A penetration device for testing the compaction of sand according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (44) includes: Mounting base (413) is disposed at the top of the positioning cylinder (41); A rotating ring (441) is rotatably disposed inside the mounting base (413); A transmission component is provided at the lower end of the rotating ring (441) and connected to the movable seat (451) for driving the movable seat (451) to move inside the positioning cylinder (41).

4. A penetration device for testing the compaction of sand according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transmission component includes: A flat spiral disc (444) is disposed at the lower end of the rotating ring (441); The rack (445) is mounted on the mounting base (413) and its upper end is engaged with the flat screw plate (444). Its lower end is fixedly connected to the movable base (451).

5. A penetration device for testing the compaction of sand according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (44) further includes: A rotating rod (442) is set at equal angles on the outside of the rotating ring (441) to drive the rotating ring (441) to rotate inside the mounting base (413); The locking element (443) includes a mounting plate (4431) disposed on at least one of the rotating rods (442) and a fixing bolt (4432) threadedly connected to the mounting plate (4431) and abutting against the mounting seat (413) for fixing the adjusted rotating rod (442) to the mounting seat (413).

6. A penetration device for testing the compaction of sand according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mounting base (413) includes: The lower seat (4132) is disposed at the top of the positioning cylinder (41); The upper seat (4131) can be detachably fixed to the top of the lower seat (4132); The flat screw disc (444) is rotatably disposed in the rotating groove (413202) between the lower seat (4132) and the upper seat (4131).

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