Intelligent response grouting anchor rod

Abstract

The utility model discloses an intelligent response type grouting anchor rod, including fixedly connected main part section and telescopic section, be used for monitoring the distributed optical fiber sensor of soil body strain distribution, be used for receiving and processing the control unit of strain signal and be used for driving the hydraulic drive mechanism of telescopic section telescopic, the outer surface of main part section and telescopic section is equipped with distributed optical fiber sensor, and hydraulic drive mechanism is electrically connected with control unit, and the end of telescopic section is connected for breaking and cutting grouting layer's breaking and cutting cutter head away from main part section, first grouting channel is set up along the axial direction of main part section, and second grouting pipeline is set up and is passed through main part section and telescopic section, the utility model discloses have dynamic response, multi -stage grouting cooperation function, realize grading early warning mechanism, and the sectional structure has the sustained adaptability to the side slope deformation, and better response complex geological condition, and two -way grouting does not need manual intervention, realizes rigid anchoring and the link cooperation of flexible reinforcement, secondary grouting accurate and effective, shortens emergency response time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to grouting anchors for slope reinforcement in geotechnical engineering, specifically an intelligent responsive grouting anchor. Background Technology

[0002] Grouting anchors are commonly used as support structures in slope reinforcement projects, utilizing the mechanical interaction between the anchor and the ground to improve slope stability. Current engineering practice mainly relies on one-time grouting technology, which involves injecting cement grout into boreholes to form a solidified body; however, this method has several technical limitations.

[0003] Existing anchoring systems employ a fixed support design, whose rigid structural characteristics cannot effectively cope with the deformation of the soil and rock mass during use, thus affecting the support effect. Cement-based consolidation materials exhibit brittle characteristics after hardening, which is incompatible with the creep characteristics of the surrounding rock, easily causing damage to the interface. Furthermore, conventional technical solutions lack effective real-time monitoring methods, making it difficult to provide timely warnings of potential risks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this utility model is to provide an intelligent responsive grouting anchor bolt that can achieve dynamic response and multi-stage grouting coordination.

[0005] Technical solution: The intelligent responsive grouting anchor bolt of this utility model includes a fixedly connected main body section and an expansion section, a distributed optical fiber sensor for monitoring soil strain distribution, a control unit for receiving and processing strain signals, and a hydraulic drive mechanism for driving the expansion and contraction of the expansion section; the distributed optical fiber sensor is arranged on the outer surface of the main body section and the expansion section, the hydraulic drive mechanism is electrically connected to the control unit, and the end of the expansion section away from the main body section is connected to a demolition cutter head for breaking the grouting layer; a first grouting channel is arranged along the axial direction of the main body section, and a second grouting pipeline is arranged through the main body section and the expansion section.

[0006] Furthermore, the telescopic section includes a telescopic link composed of several hollow joint links. A hydraulic drive mechanism is fixed at the connection between the telescopic section and the main body section. The piston rod of the hydraulic drive mechanism is connected to the front end of the telescopic link, and the tail end of the telescopic link is connected to the demolition cutter head.

[0007] Furthermore, the control unit is located within the telescopic section. The control unit includes a sensor signal processing module, a hydraulic drive control module, and a wireless communication interface module for data monitoring and remote control terminal connection. The sensor signal processing module receives signals from the distributed fiber optic sensors and outputs commands to the hydraulic drive control module, which is electrically connected to the hydraulic drive mechanism. The wireless communication interface module connects to the remote control terminal. The wireless communication interface module monitors data and transmits it to the remote terminal in real time, ensuring continuous monitoring of the slope condition. Its multi-protocol compatible design allows for the selection of the optimal communication method under different construction environments, ensuring reliable data transmission.

[0008] Furthermore, a heat-sensitive biodegradable protective cover is installed at the end of the telescopic section furthest from the main body section. The demolition cutter head is placed inside the heat-sensitive biodegradable protective cover, which contains a built-in heating element controlled by a control unit. The heat-sensitive biodegradable protective cover protects the demolition cutter head and ensures the rapid release of the telescopic section. The controlled degradation of the protective cover is achieved through heating by the heating element, providing timely working space for the hydraulic drive mechanism to drive the demolition cutter head.

[0009] Furthermore, the first grouting channel extends to the connection between the main section and the expansion joint, and radial grout outlet holes are evenly distributed circumferentially at intervals corresponding to the positions of the first grouting channel and the main section. The arrangement of the first grouting channel and the radial grout outlet holes ensures that the grout uniformly fills the gap between the borehole and the anchor rod during pressure grouting.

[0010] Furthermore, a spiral texture is formed on the outer surface of the main body section, and a groove is formed on the outer surface of the telescopic section. The spiral texture enhances the mechanical interlocking between the anchor bolt and the rock mass, providing a convenient path for the installation of distributed fiber optic sensors. Similarly, the grooves are used for the winding and embedding of distributed fiber optic sensors.

[0011] Furthermore, a second grouting pipe passes through the first grouting channel and the telescopic connecting rod formed by the hollow joint connecting rod. A conical nozzle is installed at the end of the second grouting pipe, and the conical nozzle is placed inside the demolition cutter head. The conical nozzle improves the diffusion of the grout.

[0012] Furthermore, the hollow joint connecting rod has a deflection angle of 15°~20°, ensuring the precise operation of the demolition cutter head and expanding the working range, which can compensate for the deflection error during the construction process.

[0013] Furthermore, the hollow joint connecting rod is wrapped with a soft rubber tubular shell to prevent sand and gravel from entering the joint during the telescopic operation, thereby affecting and hindering the telescopic section's extension and contraction.

[0014] Furthermore, the demolition cutter head includes several evenly distributed spiral tungsten carbide blades.

[0015] Working Principle: This utility model possesses adaptive capabilities and intelligent monitoring functions. Employing modular design and intelligent sensing control technology, it achieves fully automated response throughout the entire process of "monitoring-early warning-dismantling-extension-reinforcement." Distributed fiber optic sensors deployed on the outer surface of the anchor bolt monitor the strain distribution of the soil around it. Grouting reinforcement is achieved through radially distributed grout outlets at intervals along the first grouting channel of the main section. A control unit, receiving and processing signals from the distributed fiber optic sensors, controls a hydraulic drive mechanism to extend and retract the telescopic section. The end of the telescopic section is connected to a demolition cutter head for breaking the grout layer. Upon detecting cracks, the initial grout layer is automatically cut, and flexible reinforcement is achieved using a second grouting pipeline and a conical nozzle installed at the end. The grouting anchor adopts a segmented structure, which allows for dynamic extension of the expansion section after the initial anchoring of the main section. This provides continuous adaptability to slope deformation, avoiding the failure problem caused by rock mass displacement of traditional anchors. It has a better control effect on complex geological conditions and can significantly improve the safety and durability of slope reinforcement. The switching of dual-channel grouting is completed inside the anchor without manual intervention, realizing the connection between rigid anchoring and flexible reinforcement. Moreover, the secondary grouting directly acts on the crack propagation zone, which can ensure precise and effective reinforcement and shorten emergency response time.

[0016] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following characteristics: 1. It has dynamic response and multi-stage grouting coordination functions. By setting stepped strain thresholds, it realizes a graded early warning mechanism, triggers response strategies, and achieves intelligent management of slope deformation; 2. The segmented structure has continuous adaptability to slope deformation, avoids anchor failure caused by rock mass displacement, and better copes with complex geological conditions; 3. Dual-channel grouting does not require manual intervention, realizes the connection and coordination between rigid anchoring and flexible reinforcement, and the secondary grouting is accurate and effective, shortening the emergency response time. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the telescopic section 2 of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the telescopic section 2 of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the demolition blade 6 and the heat-sensitive biodegradable protective cover 13 of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the demolition cutter head 6 of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a bottom view of the demolition cutter head 6 of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the working process of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the main body section 1 and the telescopic section 2 of the intelligent responsive grouting anchor are fixedly connected. The main body section 1 is made of 42CrMo4 high-strength alloy steel pipe with a diameter of 35mm and an adjustable length of 2~5m. The surface is processed with a spiral texture with a depth of 3mm and a pitch of 50mm. The first grouting channel 7 is located at the internal central axis of the main body section 1 and extends to the connection between the main body section 1 and the telescopic section 2. It is made of HDPE pipe with an inner diameter of 12mm. At the corresponding position of the first grouting channel 7 and the main body section 1, a set of evenly distributed radial grout outlet holes 15 are set at axial intervals of 200mm. There are 4 radial grout outlet holes 15 in each set, with a hole diameter of 5mm. The grouting slurry is PO42.5 cement slurry with a water-cement ratio of 0.45 and a pressure of 0.5-1.0MPa. The telescopic section 2 is connected to the end of the main body section 1. The end of the telescopic section 2 away from the main body section 1 is connected to the demolition head 6 for breaking the grouting layer. A second grouting pipe 8 is installed through the main body section 1 and the expansion joint section 2. The first grouting channel 7 of the main body section 1 is concentrically connected to the second grouting pipe 8 of the same section. A distributed optical fiber sensor 3 for monitoring soil strain distribution is arranged and fixed on the outer surface of the main body section 1 and the expansion joint section 2 in a strip structure. The distributed optical fiber sensor 3 adopts the OSI-S series (such as OSI-S150), manufactured by Luna Innovations (USA). The domestic equivalent model is BOMMA-FBG-DTS10. The sensor type is fiber optic grating (FBG) array and distributed strain sensing. The shape is a strip-shaped flexible optical fiber cable with a thickness of <1mm and a width of ≈3mm. It can be embedded in a groove. The strain resolution is ±0.01%, and the sampling frequency is adjustable from 1Hz to 10Hz. It is suitable for corrosion-resistant and tensile-resistant environments and for grouting bodies coupled with soil and rock masses. The spiral texture of the main body section 1 facilitates the installation of the distributed optical fiber sensor 3. The distributed optical fiber sensor 3 is embedded in the groove on the outer surface of the telescopic section 2 and fixed by a track-type winding method. Ten grating nodes are arranged per meter. When the telescopic section is ≥0.5%, it is activated to realize the functions of precise anchor positioning and strain monitoring.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, the hydraulic drive mechanism 5 is fixed at the connection between the telescopic section 2 and the main body section 1. The control unit 4, which is used to receive and process strain signals, is set inside the telescopic section 2. The hydraulic drive mechanism 5 is electrically connected to the control unit 4 and drives the connected telescopic section 2.

[0028] like Figure 3 As shown, a hydraulic drive mechanism 5 is fixed at the connection between the telescopic section 2 and the main body section 1, and the hydraulic drive mechanism 5 is arranged along the axial direction of the telescopic section 2. The control unit 4 is set inside the telescopic section 2. The hydraulic drive mechanism 5 is electrically connected to the control unit 4 and drives the connected telescopic section 2. The control unit 4 includes a sensor signal processing module 10, a hydraulic drive control module 11, and a wireless communication interface module 12 for data monitoring and remote control terminal connection. The sensor signal processing module 10 receives the signal from the distributed optical fiber sensor 3 and outputs instructions to the hydraulic drive control module 11. The hydraulic drive control module 11 is electrically connected to the hydraulic drive mechanism 5, and the wireless communication interface module 12 connects to external devices. The sampling frequency of the sensor data processing module 10 is adjustable from 1Hz to 10Hz, and the strain resolution is ±0.01%. The hydraulic drive control module 11 uses a PID algorithm to adjust the stroke accuracy of the hydraulic cylinder to ±1mm. The wireless communication interface module 12 supports LoRa transmission, and the communication distance is ≥2km. The telescopic section 2 includes several interconnected hollow joint rods 9. The hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic drive mechanism 5 is rigidly fixed to the outer shell of the telescopic section 2. The double-acting hydraulic cylinder with a thrust of 66.4kN@20MPa drives the telescopic section 2. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is rigidly connected to the hollow joint rods 9. The hollow joint rods 9 are wrapped with a soft rubber tubular outer shell. The hollow joint rods 9 can deflect at an angle of 15°~20°. The end of the hollow joint rods 9 is connected to the demolition head 6. The second grouting pipe 8 passes through the pipe formed by the first grouting channel 7 and the hollow joint rods 9. The second grouting pipe 8 uses a high-pressure resistant polyurethane hose with an inner diameter of 10mm and a grouting pressure of 2.0MPa. The grout is a polyurethane-epoxy resin composite material with an elastic modulus of 50~100Mpa. A conical nozzle 16 is installed at the end of the second grouting pipe 8, and the outside of the conical nozzle 16 is the demolition head 6.

[0029] like Figures 4-7 As shown, a heat-sensitive biodegradable protective cover 13 is installed at the end of the telescopic section 2 furthest from the main body section 1. The demolition head 6 is placed inside the heat-sensitive biodegradable protective cover 13, which contains a built-in heating element 14. The heat-sensitive biodegradable protective cover 13 is made of PLA + glass fiber composite material, and the built-in heating element 14 is a nickel-chromium heating element. The demolition head 6 includes three evenly distributed spiral tungsten carbide blades. The demolition head 6 has an unfolded diameter of 65 mm, a rotation speed of 20 rpm, and an extension speed of 20 mm / min.

[0030] like Figure 8As shown, during the construction of the intelligent responsive grouting anchor, a geological drilling rig is used to drill holes at the designed pile locations. The hole diameter should be 10-15mm larger than the diameter of the anchor body section (35mm) (i.e., a hole diameter of approximately 45-50mm). The drilling depth needs to exceed the designed anchoring depth by 300mm to allow space for possible sediment and anchor installation. The assembled anchor is carefully inserted into the drill hole. During installation, care should be taken to ensure that the spiral texture direction on the surface of the main section is consistent with the designed rotation direction (usually the direction that facilitates the flow of grout). After insertion, the signal of the distributed fiber optic sensor is immediately checked through the wireless communication interface module of the control unit 4 to establish an initial monitoring baseline. Initial grouting is performed through the grouting pump connected to the first grouting channel, injecting PO42.5 grade cement grout (water-cement ratio controlled at 0.45), maintaining the grouting pressure between 0.5 and 1.0 MPa. The grout is evenly injected into the annular space between the drill hole and the anchor through the radial grout outlet until grout returns from the hole opening. Wait for the grout to solidify and reach the design strength (usually requiring an initial grout strength of no less than 15 MPa). The system activation condition is that the initial grout strength reaches 15 MPa, and the system enters real-time monitoring and standby mode. When the distributed fiber optic sensor 3 detects that the strain value at a certain point continuously exceeds the preset first-level threshold (0.5%), the control unit determines that the activation condition is met. Its execution flow is as follows:

[0031] a. The hydraulic drive control module first powers the nickel-chromium heating element of the thermally biodegradable protective cover, heating it to the degradation temperature (approximately 160°C), causing the protective cover to degrade and crack.

[0032] b. Start the hydraulic drive mechanism. The hydraulic cylinder pushes the rod system composed of hollow joint connecting rods to extend forward. The extension speed is controlled at 20mm / min.

[0033] c. Start the hydraulic motor inside the demolition cutter head to drive the tungsten carbide blade to rotate at a speed of 20 rpm to break the initial grouting material blocking the way.

[0034] d. The expansion joint will continue to extend until the location of the maximum strain point monitored by the distributed fiber optic sensors is crossed (i.e., the front end of the expansion joint reaches and exceeds the crack or potential slip surface), or the maximum design stroke (1000 mm) is reached.

[0035] After the extension section is positioned, the control unit initiates the secondary grouting procedure. A polyurethane-epoxy resin composite material (with an elastic modulus between 50-100 MPa) is injected into the second grouting pipeline via an external secondary grouting pump. The grouting pressure is controlled at 2.0 MPa. The grout is ejected through a conical nozzle at the end, fully penetrating and filling cracks and voids caused by soil deformation, as well as areas cleared by the demolition cutter head, forming an elastic reinforcement zone for flexible strengthening. System debugging includes calibrating sensor parameters via a wireless communication interface module, setting three strain threshold levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%) corresponding to different warning levels, and adjusting the stroke accuracy of the hydraulic drive mechanism to ±1 mm. In long-term monitoring mode, the system automatically executes the demolition-extension-reinforcement operation according to a preset program and transmits monitoring data to a remote monitoring center in real time via a wireless communication module. The control unit includes a sensor data acquisition module, a hydraulic drive control module, and a wireless communication module; their coordinated operation ensures the reliability and durability of the slope reinforcement project.

Claims

1. A smart responsive grouting anchor bolt, characterized in that: It includes a main body section (1) and a telescopic section (2) that are fixedly connected, a distributed optical fiber sensor (3) for monitoring the soil strain distribution, a control unit (4) for receiving and processing strain signals, and a hydraulic drive mechanism (5) for driving the telescopic section (2) to extend and retract; the distributed optical fiber sensor (3) is arranged on the outer surface of the main body section (1) and the telescopic section (2), the hydraulic drive mechanism (5) is electrically connected to the control unit (4), and the end of the telescopic section (2) away from the main body section (1) is connected to a demolition cutter head (6) for breaking the grouting layer; a first grouting channel (7) is arranged along the axial direction of the main body section (1), and a second grouting pipeline (8) is arranged through the main body section (1) and the telescopic section (2).

2. The intelligent responsive grouting anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic section (2) includes a telescopic link composed of several hollow joint links (9). The hydraulic drive mechanism (5) is fixed at the connection between the telescopic section (2) and the main body section (1). The piston rod of the hydraulic drive mechanism (5) is connected to the front end of the telescopic link, and the tail end of the telescopic link is connected to the demolition cutter head (6).

3. The intelligent responsive grouting anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit (4) is located within the telescopic section (2). The control unit (4) includes a sensor signal processing module (10), a hydraulic drive control module (11), and a wireless communication interface module (12) for data monitoring and remote control terminal connection. The sensor signal processing module (10) receives signals from the distributed optical fiber sensor (3) and outputs instructions to the hydraulic drive control module (11). The hydraulic drive control module (11) is electrically connected to the hydraulic drive mechanism (5). The wireless communication interface module (12) is connected to the remote control terminal.

4. The intelligent responsive grouting anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic section (2) is equipped with a heat-sensitive biodegradable protective cover (13) at the end away from the main body section (1). The demolition blade (6) is placed inside the heat-sensitive biodegradable protective cover (13). The heat-sensitive biodegradable protective cover (13) has a built-in heating element (14). The control unit (4) controls the heating element (14).

5. The intelligent responsive grouting anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first grouting channel (7) extends to the connection between the main body section (1) and the telescopic section (2), and radial grout outlet holes (15) are evenly distributed circumferentially at corresponding positions of the first grouting channel (7) and the main body section (1).

6. The intelligent responsive grouting anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the main body segment (1) has a spiral texture, and the outer surface of the telescopic segment (2) has a groove.

7. The intelligent responsive grouting anchor bolt according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second grouting pipe (8) passes through the first grouting channel (7) and the telescopic connecting rod (9) which is connected. A conical nozzle (16) is installed at the end of the second grouting pipe (8), and the conical nozzle (16) is placed inside the demolition cutter head (6).

8. The intelligent responsive grouting anchor bolt according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hollow joint link (9) has a deflection angle of 15°~20°.

9. The intelligent responsive grouting anchor bolt according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hollow joint link (9) is wrapped with a soft rubber tubular shell.

10. The intelligent responsive grouting anchor bolt according to claim 7, characterized in that: The demolition cutter head (6) includes several evenly distributed spiral tungsten carbide blades.

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