A small modular foundation pit support structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a small modular foundation pit support structure, including vertical support subassembly and horizontal support subassembly, vertical support subassembly includes at least two sections prefabricated support unit and be used for installing the guide and the connecting piece of stress intensification of prefabricated support unit, horizontal support subassembly includes anchor head, anchor rod and fixed end, and the mounting hole of prefabricated support unit is connected with anchor head through detachable connecting piece, and one end of anchor rod passes through anchor head and the anchor hole of prefabricated support unit in proper order and is connected with fixed end, and the side of connecting piece and each section prefabricated support unit butt joint, to realize the positioning guide in prefabricated support unit installation process. Its structure is reliable, and vertical prefabricated component is split into small modular unit, and simultaneously, realize small modular foundation pit support through the multi support point stress system of dense anchor rod.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of foundation pit support technology, specifically to a small modular foundation pit support structure. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the support structures in foundation pit engineering generally adopt cast-in-place construction, which suffers from problems such as low construction efficiency, poor working conditions, high resource consumption, difficulty in controlling construction quality, and serious environmental pollution. In the modern construction industry, the concept of industrialization has been widely accepted, and the development of prefabricated assembly support technology is a key development direction. Through systematic research and development of assembly technology, standardized design, factory production, and modular construction can be achieved, significantly improving construction efficiency and quality, reducing environmental pollution, and promoting the industrialization of foundation pit engineering. The application of assembly technology in foundation pit engineering is mainly concentrated on lateral support. In contrast, research and application of assembly technology in vertical support are very limited. Furthermore, vertical prefabricated components are generally continuous structures, heavy and large in size, resulting in high transportation and hoisting costs, making them unsuitable for small and medium-sized foundation pit projects. Therefore, there is currently a lack of a widely applicable, high-strength, and flexible fully prefabricated foundation pit support system. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a small modular foundation pit support structure to solve the problem that existing foundation pit support methods are not suitable for small foundation pits.

[0004] The technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a small modular foundation pit support structure, including vertical support components and horizontal support components; The vertical support assembly includes at least two prefabricated support units and connectors for guiding installation and strengthening the prefabricated support units. The two adjacent prefabricated support units are detachably connected by a convex-concave fit structure. Each prefabricated support unit is provided with a through anchor hole and an installation hole for installing the horizontal support assembly. The transverse support assembly includes an anchor head, an anchor rod, and a fixed end. The anchor head is connected to the installation hole of the precast support unit through a detachable connector. One end of the anchor rod passes through the anchor head and the anchor hole of the precast support unit in sequence, and then connects to the fixed end. The fixed end is anchored in the soil around the foundation pit. The connector is mated with the side of each section of the precast support unit to achieve positioning guidance during the installation of the precast support unit.

[0005] Furthermore, the prefabricated support unit includes a top plate, a middle plate, and a bottom plate, and the top plate, middle plate, and bottom plate are arranged sequentially from top to bottom in the vertical direction; The bottom of the top plate is integrally formed with a first protrusion, and the top of the middle plate is provided with a first groove that matches the first protrusion. The first protrusion is inserted into the first groove to form a concave-convex fit structure between the top plate and the middle plate. The bottom of the middle plate is integrally formed with a second protrusion, and the top of the bottom plate is provided with a second groove that matches the second protrusion. The second protrusion is inserted into the second groove, forming a concave-convex fit structure between the middle plate and the bottom plate.

[0006] Furthermore, the anchor holes include anchor holes under the top plate, anchor holes on the middle plate, anchor holes under the middle plate, and anchor holes on the bottom plate; The top plate lower anchor hole is opened at the bottom of the top plate and is adjacent to the first protrusion. The middle plate upper anchor hole is opened at the top of the middle plate and is adjacent to the first groove. The top plate lower anchor hole and the middle plate upper anchor hole are coaxially corresponding. The middle plate lower anchor hole is opened at the bottom of the middle plate and is adjacent to the second protrusion. The bottom plate upper anchor hole is opened at the top of the bottom plate and is adjacent to the second groove. The middle plate lower anchor hole and the bottom plate upper anchor hole are coaxially corresponding.

[0007] Furthermore, the connector has integrally formed connector protrusions on both sides along its length, and each prefabricated support unit has a connecting groove on its side that matches the connector protrusion. The connector protrusion is inserted into the connecting groove to form a docking structure between the connector and the prefabricated support unit.

[0008] Furthermore, the length of the connector shall not be less than the total height of the prefabricated support units after splicing.

[0009] Furthermore, the bottom of the base plate is integrally formed with a cone head, the cross-section of which is an isosceles triangle, and the tip of the cone head faces away from the base plate, in order to reduce the resistance when the base plate is inserted into the soil.

[0010] Furthermore, the anchor head includes an anchor head support, a support rib, a pad, and a fastener; The anchor head support has a support opening corresponding to the installation hole of the prefabricated support unit. After the detachable connector passes through the support opening and the installation hole, the anchor head support is fixed to the prefabricated support unit. The support rib is set on the anchor head support, the pad is set on the support rib, and the pad has a pad opening that is coaxial with the anchor hole. The anchor rod passes through the opening in the pad plate, the opening in the support, and the anchor hole in sequence. The fixing device is sleeved on the end of the anchor rod away from the fixing end and is used to lock the anchor rod to the anchor head support.

[0011] Furthermore, the detachable connector is a bolt.

[0012] This utility model offers the following advantages: The small modular foundation pit support structure provided by this utility model is structurally reliable. The vertical support structure utilizes fully prefabricated components, requiring only on-site assembly, significantly shortening the construction cycle. The vertical prefabricated components are broken down into small modular units, greatly reducing weight and size, thus lowering production, transportation, and hoisting costs. Simultaneously, the small modular foundation pit support is achieved through a multi-point support system with densely distributed anchor bolts. Furthermore, the dual functions of the connectors—installation guidance and load-bearing reinforcement—eliminate the need for separate guiding devices and reinforcing components, simplifying structural design while improving the installation accuracy and overall stability of the vertical support structure. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical support component structure in this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the top plate structure in this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the middle plate structure in this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom plate structure of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor head structure in this utility model; Figures 1 to 6 The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are respectively: 1-vertical support assembly, 2-lateral support assembly, 13-connector, 20-anchor head, 21-anchor rod, 22-fixed end, 10-top plate, 11-middle plate, 12-bottom plate, 13-connector, 101-first protrusion, 110-first groove, 111-second protrusion, 120-second groove, 121-cone head, 102-anchor hole on top plate, 103-top plate 105 - Lower anchor hole, 130 - Top plate groove, 112 - Connector protrusion, 113 - Middle plate upper anchor hole, 115 - Middle plate lower anchor hole, 122 - Bottom plate upper anchor hole, 125 - Bottom plate groove, 201 - Fixer, 202 - Pad plate, 203 - Pad plate opening, 204 - Support rib, 205 - Anchor head support, 206 - Support opening, 207 - Positioning hole, 208 - Detachable connector. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The principles and features of this utility model are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model.

[0015] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a small modular foundation pit support structure includes a vertical support component 1 and a horizontal support component 2. The vertical support component 1 includes at least two prefabricated support units and connectors 13 for guiding installation and strengthening the prefabricated support units. Adjacent prefabricated support units are detachably connected via a convex-concave fit structure. Each prefabricated support unit has through anchor holes and mounting holes for installing the horizontal support component 2. Dividing the vertical support into at least two prefabricated support units creates miniaturized components, allowing for the use of standardized molds in production, reducing customization costs. Installation requires only a high-frequency vibratory hammer, making it particularly suitable for small to medium-sized foundation pits in confined spaces. This addresses the limitations of existing vertical prefabricated technologies and their unsuitability for small to medium-sized foundation pits. The prefabricated support units are detachably connected via the convex-concave fit structure, allowing for disassembly and recycling after backfilling. Compared to traditional cast-in-place or permanently fixed prefabricated support, this reduces material waste. Furthermore, the number of prefabricated support units can be flexibly adjusted according to the depth of the foundation pit during construction, adapting to different depth requirements. After the connector 13 is attached to the side of each precast unit, it forms a vertical frame reinforcing rib, which can disperse the lateral pressure of the soil on the side wall of the foundation pit on the precast unit, avoid cracking of a single precast unit due to excessive local stress, and improve the overall lateral stiffness of the vertical support component 1.

[0016] Specifically, the prefabricated support unit includes a top plate 10, a middle plate 11, and a bottom plate 12, and the top plate 10, middle plate 11, and bottom plate 12 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom in the vertical direction, dividing the vertical support into three independent small prefabricated units of top plate 10 + middle plate 11 + bottom plate 12, and splicing is achieved through concave-convex fit.

[0017] The top plate 10 has a first protrusion 101 integrally formed at its bottom, and the top of the middle plate 11 has a first groove 110 that matches the first protrusion 101. The first protrusion 101 is inserted into the first groove 110, forming a convex-concave fit structure between the top plate 10 and the middle plate 11. The bottom of the middle plate 11 has a second protrusion 111 integrally formed at its bottom, and the top of the bottom plate 12 has a second groove 120 that matches the second protrusion 111. The second protrusion 111 is inserted into the second groove 120, forming a convex-concave fit structure between the middle plate 11 and the bottom plate 12. Through the interlocking relationship of the protrusion and groove, the vertical alignment of each unit can be achieved without repeated manual calibration, greatly shortening the on-site installation time. Furthermore, the convex-concave fit structure can limit the horizontal relative displacement between the top plate 10 and the middle plate 11, and between the middle plate 11 and the bottom plate 12. Combined with the guiding effect of the connector 13, it can effectively prevent the vertical support from tilting due to unit misalignment during installation.

[0018] The vertical load borne by the top plate 10 can be transferred to the middle plate 11 through the first protrusion 101, and then from the middle plate 11 to the bottom plate 12 through the second protrusion 111. Finally, the load is transferred to the soil at the bottom of the pit by the bottom plate 12, avoiding load concentration at the splice joint, which could lead to unit deformation or cracking. When the lateral thrust of the soil on the sidewall of the pit acts on the vertical support, the concave-convex surface contact interlocking structure can limit the lateral relative displacement between the units, reduce shear concentration at the splice joint, and, together with the stress-strengthening effect of the connector 13, improve the overall lateral stiffness of the vertical support component 1, preventing the support structure from cracking at the splice joint or collapsing as a whole due to excessive lateral pressure.

[0019] The bottom of the base plate 12 is integrally formed with a cone head 121. The cross-section of the cone head 121 is an isosceles triangle, and the tip of the cone head 121 faces away from the base plate 12, which is used to reduce the resistance when the base plate 12 is inserted into the soil.

[0020] The anchor holes include an anchor hole 102 on the top plate, an anchor hole 103 on the bottom plate, an anchor hole 112 on the middle plate, an anchor hole 113 on the bottom plate, and an anchor hole 122 on the bottom plate. The anchor hole 102 on the top plate is located at the top of the top plate 10, the anchor hole 103 on the bottom plate is located at the bottom of the top plate 10, the anchor hole 112 on the middle plate is located at the top of the middle plate 11, the anchor hole 103 on the bottom plate is coaxial with the anchor hole 112 on the middle plate, the anchor hole 113 on the bottom plate is located at the bottom of the middle plate 11, and the anchor hole 122 on the bottom plate is located at the top of the bottom plate 12 and is adjacent to the second groove 120. The anchor hole 113 on the bottom plate is coaxial with the anchor hole 122 on the bottom plate. The continuous installation of anchor holes 103 on the top slab, 112 and 113 on the middle slab, and 122 on the bottom slab ensures that the anchor bolt 21 can completely penetrate the entire vertical support assembly 1 of the top slab 10, middle slab 11, and bottom slab 12, preventing the anchor bolt 21 from failing to transmit lateral resistance due to interruption of the anchor holes. Furthermore, the anchor holes provide space for grout filling, and the solidified anchor body enhances the bonding strength between the anchor bolt 21 and the vertical support assembly 1, preventing relative sliding between the anchor bolt 21 and the precast unit under load, further ensuring the stable transmission of lateral resistance. Since the anchor holes are prefabricated in the factory, on-site installation only requires splicing the units using a concave-convex structure, directly inserting the anchor bolt 21 and grouting, eliminating the need for additional on-site anchor hole processing and significantly shortening the construction period.

[0021] In addition, connector protrusions 130 are integrally formed on both sides along the length direction of connector 13. Each prefabricated support unit has a connecting groove adapted to the connector protrusions 130 on its side. Specifically, the connecting groove includes a top plate groove 105, a middle plate groove 115 and a bottom plate groove 125. The connector protrusions 130 are inserted into the connecting groove to form a docking structure between connector 13 and prefabricated support unit. The length of connector 13 is not less than the total height after splicing of each prefabricated support unit. After the connector protrusion 130 is inserted into the connecting groove of the prefabricated support unit (top plate 10, middle plate 11, bottom plate 12), a track and slot mating relationship is formed. The prefabricated unit needs to be lowered along the protrusion direction and cannot be arbitrarily offset in the horizontal direction, which restricts the horizontal misalignment during the installation process. The installation requirements can be met without repeated manual calibration, which greatly shortens the installation and adjustment time. Furthermore, the connector protrusion 130 and the precast unit groove are in surface contact, and the length of the connector 13 is not less than the total height of the precast units after splicing. This is equivalent to forming a full-height reinforcing rib on the side of the vertical support component 1. When lateral pressure is applied to the side wall soil, the connector 13 can evenly transfer the pressure to each precast unit, rather than concentrating it at the splice joint, preventing individual precast support units from cracking or buckling due to excessive local stress. During construction, the connector 13 is first vibrated and inserted into the soil to form a fixed vertical guide reference. When installing the bottom plate 12, middle plate 11, and top plate 10, it is only necessary to align the connecting groove of each unit with the connector protrusion 130 before lowering it, without needing to reset the positioning reference.

[0022] In this embodiment, the transverse support component 2 includes an anchor head 20, an anchor rod 21, and a fixed end 22. The anchor head 20 is connected to the mounting hole 102 of the prefabricated support unit through a detachable connector 208. One end of the anchor rod 21 passes through the anchor head 20 and the anchor hole of the prefabricated support unit in sequence, and then connects to the fixed end 22. The fixed end 22 is anchored in the soil around the foundation pit. The connector 13 is connected to the side of each section of the prefabricated support unit to achieve positioning guidance during the installation of the prefabricated support unit. Preferably, the detachable connector 208 is a bolt. The detachable connection does not require complex processes such as on-site welding and grouting. It only requires fixing the anchor head 20 to the mounting hole of the prefabricated unit through the connector 13 such as bolts. The operation is simple and does not require large equipment.

[0023] When lateral pressure is applied to the sidewall soil, the pressure is first transmitted to the vertical precast support unit, then to the anchor head 20, and finally to the anchor rod 21. The anchor rod 21 transmits the tension to the fixed end 22, where the anchoring force between the fixed end 22 and the surrounding soil counteracts the lateral pressure. This prevents the pressure from being borne solely by the vertical component, thus preventing cracking and tilting of the vertical unit due to excessive local stress. This solves the problem of traditional vertical support being subjected to stress alone and having weak lateral resistance. Furthermore, the transverse support component 2 forms a multi-point anchoring structure through the anchor holes of the vertical unit via the anchor rod 21. Compared to traditional single transverse support, this structure can more evenly distribute lateral pressure, further improving the overall stability of the foundation pit.

[0024] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, the anchor head 20 includes an anchor head support 205, a support rib 204, a pad 202, and a fastener 201; The anchor head support 205 has a support opening 206 corresponding to the installation hole of the prefabricated support unit. After the detachable connector 208 passes through the support opening 206 and the installation hole, the anchor head support 205 and the prefabricated support unit are fixed. The corresponding design of the support opening 206 and the installation hole ensures that the detachable connector 208 can be accurately inserted and the anchor head support 205 is rigidly fixed to the prefabricated unit. This prevents the anchor head support 205 from shifting or loosening under the tension of the anchor rod 21, and provides a stable fulcrum for the subsequent force transmission of the anchor rod 21. The four corners of the anchor head support 205 are provided with positioning holes 207 that cooperate with the detachable connector 208 (bolt).

[0025] The support rib 204 is set on the anchor head support 205, and the pad 202 is set on the support rib 204. The pad 202 has a pad opening 203 that is coaxial with the anchor hole. When the anchor rod 21 is under tension, the anchor head support 205 will generate local pressure on the surface of the precast unit. The pad 202 increases the contact area between the anchor head support 205 and the precast unit, dispersing the local concentrated pressure into surface pressure, avoiding cracking of the surface of the precast unit or deformation of the anchor head support 205 due to excessive pressure, and ensuring the durability of the support structure. Anchor bolt 21 passes sequentially through the pad opening 203, the support opening 206, and the anchor hole. Fixer 201 is sleeved on the end of anchor bolt 21 furthest from the fixed end 22, used to lock anchor bolt 21 to the anchor head support 205. Fixer 201, through its sleeved locking mechanism (such as a nut-type fixer 201), can fix the position of the tensioned anchor bolt 21, preventing loosening during foundation pit construction. This ensures the continued effectiveness of the lateral constraint of the transverse support on the vertical unit, solving the safety hazard of reduced resistance caused by loosening of the anchor bolt 21 in traditional support systems. The sleeved locking method of fixer 201 allows for the removal of fixer 201 and the extraction of anchor bolt 21 after foundation pit backfilling, enabling recycling and reuse along with the anchor head support 205 and precast units, reducing material waste.

[0026] Additionally, it should be noted that components not described in detail in this article are existing technologies.

[0027] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A small modular foundation pit support structure, characterized in that, It includes vertical support components (1) and horizontal support components (2); The vertical support component (1) includes at least two prefabricated support units and a connector (13) for guiding the installation and strengthening the prefabricated support units. The two adjacent prefabricated support units are detachably connected by a convex-concave fit structure. Each prefabricated support unit is provided with a through anchor hole and an installation hole for installing the horizontal support component (2). The transverse support assembly (2) includes an anchor head (20), an anchor rod (21), and a fixed end (22). The anchor head (20) is connected to the installation hole of the prefabricated support unit through a detachable connector (208). One end of the anchor rod (21) passes through the anchor head (20) and the anchor hole of the prefabricated support unit in sequence, and then connects to the fixed end (22). The fixed end (22) is anchored in the soil around the foundation pit. The connector (13) is connected to the side of each section of the prefabricated support unit to achieve positioning guidance during the installation of the prefabricated support unit.

2. The small modular foundation pit support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prefabricated support unit includes a top plate (10), a middle plate (11), and a bottom plate (12), and the top plate (10), the middle plate (11), and the bottom plate (12) are arranged sequentially from top to bottom in the vertical direction; The bottom of the top plate (10) is integrally formed with a first protrusion (101), and the top of the middle plate (11) is provided with a first groove (110) that is adapted to the first protrusion (101). The first protrusion (101) is inserted into the first groove (110) to form a concave-convex fit structure between the top plate (10) and the middle plate (11). The bottom of the middle plate (11) is integrally formed with a second protrusion (111), and the top of the bottom plate (12) is provided with a second groove (120) that is adapted to the second protrusion (111). The second protrusion (111) is inserted into the second groove (120) to form a concave-convex fit structure between the middle plate (11) and the bottom plate (12).

3. The small modular foundation pit support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The anchor holes include an anchor hole (102) on the top plate, an anchor hole (103) on the bottom plate, an anchor hole (112) on the middle plate, an anchor hole (113) on the bottom plate, and an anchor hole (122) on the bottom plate. An anchor hole (102) on the top plate is located at the top of the top plate (10), and a lower anchor hole (103) on the top plate is located at the bottom of the top plate (10). An anchor hole (112) on the middle plate is located at the top of the middle plate (11) and is adjacent to the first groove (110). The lower anchor hole (103) on the top plate is coaxially corresponding to the upper anchor hole (112) on the middle plate. The lower anchor hole (113) on the middle plate is located at the bottom of the middle plate (11). An anchor hole (122) on the bottom plate is located at the top of the bottom plate (12). The lower anchor hole (113) on the middle plate is coaxially corresponding to the upper anchor hole (122) on the bottom plate.

4. The small modular foundation pit support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connector (13) has connector protrusions (130) integrally formed on both sides along the length direction. Each prefabricated support unit has a connecting groove on its side that matches the connector protrusions (130). The connector protrusions (130) are inserted into the connecting grooves to form a docking structure between the connector (13) and the prefabricated support unit.

5. The small modular foundation pit support structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The length of the connector (13) is not less than the total height of the prefabricated support units after splicing.

6. The small modular foundation pit support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom of the base plate (12) is integrally formed with a cone (121). The cross-section of the cone (121) is an isosceles triangle, and the tip of the cone (121) faces away from the base plate (12) to reduce the resistance when the base plate (12) is inserted into the soil.

7. The small modular foundation pit support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchor head (20) includes an anchor head support (205), a support rib (204), a pad (202), and a fastener (201). The anchor head support (205) has a support opening (206) corresponding to the installation hole of the prefabricated support unit. After the detachable connector (208) passes through the support opening (206) and the installation hole, it fixes the anchor head support (205) to the prefabricated support unit. The supporting rib (204) is disposed on the anchor head support (205), the pad (202) is disposed on the supporting rib (204), and the pad (202) has a pad opening (203) coaxial with the anchor hole. The anchor rod (21) passes through the pad opening (203), the support opening (206) and the anchor hole in sequence. The fixing device (201) is sleeved on the end of the anchor rod (21) away from the fixing end (22) and is used to lock the anchor rod (21) to the anchor head support (205).

8. The small modular foundation pit support structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, (208) is a bolt.

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