A gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture comprehensive utilization system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture comprehensive utilization system, adopt flue gas waste heat low-temperature nitrogen steam turbine generator set or expander generator set, low-temperature nitrogen after work is from flue gas heat absorption, this part of flue gas is reduced to lower temperature, and carbon dioxide after trapping is made methanol by hydrogenation and returns to waste heat boiler supplementary combustion, reciprocate, not only can increase waste heat boiler steam production, and further increase power generation, and also solve the problem of carbon dioxide consumption and storage, the power generated by low-temperature nitrogen steam turbine generator set or expander generator set is used to electrolytic water hydrogen / oxygen, low-temperature nitrogen refrigeration treatment device and other auxiliary machine, the rest part increases on-grid power, substantially improves gas turbine unit benefit. Part of electric power generated by nitrogen steam turbine generator set or expander generator set is used to electrolytic water hydrogen, and oxygen separated from electrolytic water is sent into waste heat boiler after pressurizing by booster, and oxygen is provided for waste heat boiler methanol supplementary combustion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of flue gas recovery and utilization, and in particular to a comprehensive utilization system for carbon dioxide capture and generation of waste heat from gas turbine units. Background Technology

[0002] Flue gas loss is the most significant heat loss in the operation of gas turbine waste heat boilers. Many waste heat boilers even exceed their design flue gas temperatures, which are typically around 80–100°C. When using oil as fuel, the design flue gas temperature is usually around 130°C. The volume of waste heat flue gas is very large; for a single 9F-class gas turbine unit, the outlet flue gas volume of the waste heat boiler can typically reach 200 × 10⁻⁶. 4 Nm 3 / h.

[0003] Existing technologies mainly reduce flue gas temperature indirectly by optimizing the combustion process, installing waste heat recovery devices, or improving insulation materials. However, due to the complex composition of flue gas, slow equipment response, and low heat exchange efficiency at high flow rates, these methods are difficult to effectively control the temperature to remain stable at or below the design value. This results in continuous high flue gas losses, energy waste, and reduced economic efficiency, and may even fail to meet the national dual-carbon strategy's development requirements for clean and low-carbon coal power. There is an urgent need to develop more efficient technical solutions to address this problem in order to achieve precise reduction of flue gas temperature, energy savings, and improved economic benefits for power plants. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a comprehensive utilization system for carbon dioxide capture and power generation from waste heat of gas turbine units, addressing the aforementioned technical problems and solving the issues of low efficiency and energy waste in the comprehensive utilization of high-temperature flue gas from fuel oil in the prior art.

[0005] This utility model is achieved through the following solution: A comprehensive utilization system for carbon dioxide capture and power generation from waste heat of gas turbine unit includes a flue gas energy recovery unit and a flue gas material recovery unit. The heat exchange end of the flue gas energy recovery unit is embedded in the flue gas pipeline. The oxygen production end of the flue gas material recovery unit is connected to the methanol burner of the waste heat boiler of the gas turbine unit, and the methanol production end of the flue gas material recovery unit is connected to the supplementary combustion burner of the waste heat boiler of the gas turbine unit.

[0006] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system, the flue gas energy recovery unit includes a heat exchange unit, an energy conversion unit, a liquid storage unit, and a power unit; the heat exchange unit, energy conversion unit, liquid storage unit, and power unit are sequentially connected by pipelines to form a circulation loop; the heat exchange unit is installed in the pipeline where the high-temperature flue gas is located.

[0007] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system, the energy conversion part is a nitrogen turbine and generator, or an expander and generator; the heat exchange part is a flue gas-nitrogen heat exchanger.

[0008] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system, the liquid storage section includes a low-temperature nitrogen refrigeration treatment device and a liquid storage tank; the low-temperature nitrogen refrigeration treatment device is connected to the gas outlet of the energy conversion section and the liquid storage tank respectively.

[0009] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system, the power unit includes two parallel lifting pipelines, each of which is equipped with a liquid nitrogen lifting pump; the lifting pipelines are connected in parallel with the entire circulation loop.

[0010] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system, the flue gas material recovery unit includes a flue gas treatment module, a methanol synthesis module, and an oxygen preparation module; the flue gas treatment module is connected to the flue gas pipeline, and the flue gas treatment module is equipped with a carbon dioxide capture unit and a water separation unit; the purified water outlet of the flue gas treatment module is connected to the oxygen preparation module; the carbon dioxide outlet of the flue gas treatment module is connected to the methanol synthesis module; and the hydrogen outlet of the oxygen preparation module is connected to the methanol synthesis module.

[0011] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system, the methanol synthesis module includes a methanol synthesis unit, a methanol pressurization unit, a methanol storage tank, a methanol conveying unit, and a methanol outlet pipe; the methanol synthesis unit is connected to the methanol storage tank through the methanol pressurization unit; the methanol storage tank is connected to the methanol outlet pipe through the methanol conveying unit; the methanol outlet pipe is connected to the superheated burner; the methanol synthesis unit is connected to the carbon dioxide outlet of the flue gas treatment module and the hydrogen outlet of the oxygen preparation module.

[0012] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system, the methanol pressurization section includes two parallel pressurization pipelines, and a methanol booster pump is installed in the pressurization pipelines; the methanol delivery section includes two parallel methanol delivery pipelines, and a methanol delivery pump is installed in the methanol delivery pipelines.

[0013] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system, the oxygen preparation module includes an electrolysis device and an oxygen delivery pipeline; the electrolysis device is provided with two liquid inlets, one of which is connected to the purified water outlet of the flue gas treatment module, and the other is connected to an external water supply pipeline; one end of the oxygen delivery pipeline is connected to the oxygen outlet of the electrolysis device, and the other end extends into the methanol burner of the waste heat boiler.

[0014] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system, the oxygen delivery pipeline includes two parallel oxygen delivery pipelines, and an oxygen booster is installed in the oxygen delivery pipelines.

[0015] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. This solution recovers the energy of high-temperature flue gas generated by coal-fired power units through a flue gas energy recovery unit. The heat exchange medium in the flue gas energy recovery unit exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas. After passing through the flue gas energy recovery unit, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas decreases, forming low-temperature flue gas. Carbon dioxide, clean water, and wastewater in the low-temperature flue gas are recovered in the flue gas material recovery unit, ultimately achieving dual recovery and utilization of the energy and materials of the high-temperature flue gas, greatly improving the recovery efficiency of high-temperature flue gas.

[0016] 2. This scheme uses waste heat from flue gas to heat nitrogen, which is then heated and evaporated in a heat exchanger before entering a steam turbine. The steam turbine drives a generator to produce electricity, part of which is used for hydrogen / oxygen production via water electrolysis, low-temperature nitrogen refrigeration, and other auxiliary equipment. The remainder is used to generate electricity for grid connection, thus making full use of flue gas heat energy and reducing atmospheric heat emissions.

[0017] 2. This plan utilizes nitrogen power generation as an emerging power generation method, offering numerous advantages such as environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and safety, and is gradually gaining attention. Firstly, nitrogen, as an inert gas, is harmless to the environment and does not produce harmful emissions during power generation. Secondly, nitrogen power generation is highly efficient, effectively converting the energy of nitrogen into electrical energy. Finally, because nitrogen is non-flammable and non-explosive, nitrogen power generation also offers significant safety advantages.

[0018] 3. The low-temperature nitrogen gas after doing work absorbs heat from the flue gas, which lowers the temperature of this part of the flue gas. The captured carbon dioxide is hydrogenated and made into methanol, which is then returned to the waste heat boiler for combustion. This cycle repeats itself. The return of methanol to the boiler for combustion can increase the boiler steam output, thereby increasing the unit's power generation.

[0019] 4. Part of the electricity generated by the low-temperature nitrogen turbine generator set is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen (the water comes from liquid flue gas separation, and the insufficient part is supplemented by the power plant's water treatment system). The oxygen separated from the water electrolysis is pressurized by a booster (if necessary) and then sent to the waste heat boiler to provide oxygen for methanol combustion in the waste heat boiler.

[0020] 5. This scheme involves hydrogenating the carbon dioxide captured from the flue gas to produce methanol, which is then returned to the waste heat boiler for combustion. This not only increases the unit's power generation but also solves the problem of carbon dioxide consumption and storage, significantly improving the efficiency of the gas turbine unit. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flue gas energy recovery unit in this utility model; Figure reference numerals: 1. Flue gas energy recovery unit; 2. Flue gas material recovery unit; 3. Flue gas pipeline; 4. Waste heat boiler methanol burner; 5. Waste heat boiler supplementary combustion burner; 11. Heat exchange unit; 12. Energy conversion unit; 13. Liquid storage unit; 14. Power unit; 121. Nitrogen turbine; 122. Generator; 131. Low-temperature nitrogen refrigeration treatment device; 132. Liquid storage tank; 141. Lifting pipeline; 142. Liquid nitrogen lift pump; 21. Flue gas treatment module; 22. Methanol synthesis Modules: 24. Oxygen preparation module; 212. Carbon dioxide capture unit; 213. Water separation unit; 221. Methanol synthesis unit; 222. Methanol pressurization unit; 223. Methanol storage tank; 224. Methanol delivery unit; 225. Methanol outlet pipe; 226. Pressurization pipeline; 227. Methanol booster pump; 228. Methanol delivery pipeline; 229. Methanol delivery pump; 241. Electrolysis unit; 242. Oxygen delivery pipeline; 243. Oxygen delivery pipeline; 244. Oxygen booster compressor. Detailed Implementation

[0022] All features disclosed in this specification, or all steps in all disclosed methods or processes, may be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.

[0023] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any appended claims and abstract) may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features, unless specifically stated otherwise. That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is merely one example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0024] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a predetermined orientation, or be constructed and operated in a predetermined orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0025] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0026] Example 1 like Figures 1-2 As shown, this utility model provides a technical solution: A comprehensive utilization system for carbon dioxide capture and power generation from waste heat of gas turbine unit includes, but is not limited to, a flue gas energy recovery unit 1 and a flue gas material recovery unit 2. The heat exchange end of the flue gas energy recovery unit 1 is embedded in the flue gas pipeline 3. The oxygen production end of the flue gas material recovery unit 2 is connected to the methanol burner 4 of the waste heat boiler of the gas turbine unit. The methanol production end of the flue gas material recovery unit 2 is connected to the supplementary combustion burner 5 of the waste heat boiler of the gas turbine unit.

[0027] Based on the above structure, this solution recovers the energy of the high-temperature flue gas generated by the gas turbine unit through the flue gas energy recovery unit 1. The heat exchange medium in the flue gas energy recovery unit 1 exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas. After passing through the flue gas energy recovery unit 1, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas decreases to form low-temperature flue gas. The carbon dioxide and clean water in the low-temperature flue gas are recovered in the flue gas material recovery unit 2. Finally, the dual recovery and utilization of energy and materials of the high-temperature flue gas is achieved, which greatly improves the recovery efficiency of high-temperature flue gas.

[0028] As an example, the flue gas energy recovery unit 1 may include a heat exchange unit 11, an energy conversion unit 12, a liquid storage unit 13, and a power unit 14; the heat exchange unit 11, the energy conversion unit 12, the liquid storage unit 13, and the power unit 14 are sequentially connected by pipelines to form a circulation loop; the heat exchange unit 11 is disposed in the pipeline where the high-temperature flue gas is located.

[0029] Based on the above structure, the liquid storage section 13 provides storage space for the heat exchange medium, the power section 14 provides a power source for the heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange section 11 provides the basis for energy exchange of the heat exchange medium. The energy conversion section is used to convert the heat of the heat exchange medium. Finally, the heat exchange medium after energy conversion returns to the liquid storage section 13 for storage, ready for the next cycle pumping. Through cycle heat exchange and energy conversion, the heat exchange section 11 can continuously exchange heat with the high-temperature flue gas in the flue.

[0030] As an example, the energy conversion unit 12 can be a nitrogen turbine 121 and a generator 122, or an expander and a generator 122.

[0031] Based on the above structure, this scheme adopts 122 sets of flue gas waste heat low temperature nitrogen steam turbine generators or 122 sets of expander generators. After the nitrogen does work, the temperature can be as low as -180℃ and below. The low temperature nitrogen after doing work flows back to the liquid storage section 13.

[0032] As an example, the heat exchange section 11 can be a flue gas-nitrogen heat exchanger, through which liquid nitrogen and high-temperature flue gas exchange heat in the flue. The liquid nitrogen is heated and evaporated in the flue gas-nitrogen heat exchanger, and finally the gas and liquid are separated. The gas flows into the energy conversion section 12 to generate electricity.

[0033] As an example, the liquid storage section 13 may include a cryogenic nitrogen refrigeration device 131 and a liquid storage tank 132; the cryogenic nitrogen refrigeration device 131 is connected to the outlet of the energy conversion section 12 and the liquid storage tank, respectively. The cryogenic nitrogen that has completed its work in the energy conversion section enters the cryogenic nitrogen refrigeration device 131 for liquefaction treatment and finally flows into the liquid storage tank 132 for storage.

[0034] As an example, the power unit 14 may include two parallel lifting pipelines 141, each of which is equipped with a liquid nitrogen lifting pump 142; the lifting pipelines 141 are connected in parallel with the entire circulation loop.

[0035] Based on the above structure, by setting up two booster pipelines 141, on the one hand, the efficiency of liquid nitrogen delivery can be increased according to demand, and on the other hand, a backup strategy can be adopted during off-peak hours to avoid damage to the liquid nitrogen booster pump 142 that would lead to a decrease in the overall flue gas energy recovery efficiency.

[0036] As an example, the flue gas material recovery unit 2 includes a flue gas treatment module 21, a methanol synthesis module 22, and an oxygen preparation module 24; the flue gas treatment module 21 is connected to the flue gas pipeline 3, and the flue gas treatment module 21 is equipped with a carbon dioxide capture unit 212 and a water separation unit 213; the purified water outlet of the flue gas treatment module 21 is connected to the oxygen preparation module 24; the carbon dioxide outlet of the flue gas treatment module 21 is connected to the methanol synthesis module 22; and the hydrogen outlet of the oxygen preparation module 24 is connected to the methanol synthesis module 22.

[0037] Based on the above structure, the low-temperature flue gas in this scheme obtains carbon dioxide and purified water through the carbon dioxide capture unit 212 and the water separation unit 213; the purified water flows into the oxygen preparation module 24, where oxygen and hydrogen are produced by electrolysis; the carbon dioxide flows into the methanol synthesis module 22, where carbon dioxide is hydrogenated to synthesize methanol in the methanol synthesis unit 221.

[0038] As an example, the methanol synthesis module 22 may include a methanol synthesis unit 221, a methanol pressurization unit 222, a methanol storage tank 223, a methanol delivery unit 224, and a methanol outlet pipe 225; the methanol synthesis unit 221 is connected to the methanol storage tank 223 through the methanol pressurization unit 222; the methanol storage tank 223 is connected to the methanol outlet pipe 225 through the methanol delivery unit 224; the methanol outlet pipe 225 is connected to a superheated burner; the methanol synthesis unit 221 is connected to the carbon dioxide outlet of the flue gas treatment module 21 and the hydrogen outlet of the oxygen preparation module 24. The methanol booster unit 222 may include two parallel booster pipes 226, and a methanol booster pump 227 is installed in the booster pipes 226; The methanol delivery unit 224 may include two parallel methanol delivery pipelines 228, and a methanol delivery pump 229 is installed in the methanol delivery pipelines 228. Based on the above structure, methanol is produced from carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the methanol synthesis unit 221. The methanol is pressurized by the methanol booster unit 222 and sent to the methanol storage tank 223 for storage. The methanol in the methanol storage tank 223 is then transported to the methanol outlet pipe 225 through the methanol conveying unit 224 as needed. Finally, the methanol outlet pipe 225 is directly sent to the waste heat boiler supplementary combustion burner for combustion, realizing the recovery and utilization of carbon dioxide and hydrogen elements in the flue gas. Both the methanol booster unit 222 and the methanol conveying unit 224 are dual-line conveyors (one for standby and one for use), which can ensure the efficiency of the entire line conveying.

[0039] As an example, the oxygen preparation module 24 may include an electrolysis device 241 and an oxygen delivery pipeline 242; the electrolysis device 241 is provided with two liquid inlets, one of which is connected to the purified water outlet of the flue gas treatment module 21, and the other liquid inlet is connected to an external water supply pipeline; one end of the oxygen delivery pipeline 242 is connected to the oxygen outlet of the electrolysis device 241, and the other end extends into the methanol burner of the waste heat boiler.

[0040] Two parallel oxygen delivery pipelines 243 can be included in the oxygen delivery pipeline 242, and an oxygen booster 244 is installed in the oxygen delivery pipeline 243. Based on the above structure, the electrolysis device 241 can recycle the purified water generated in the flue gas treatment module 21 and use it to produce oxygen and hydrogen respectively. The oxygen is transported to the methanol burner of the waste heat boiler for oxygen-enriched combustion, and the hydrogen is used to produce methanol. In the end, both are recycled and reused, which improves the resource utilization rate of flue gas. When the purified water is insufficient, water can be added to the electrolysis device 241 through an external water supply pipeline.

[0041] Example 2 In this scheme, the flue gas energy recovery unit 1 may specifically include a flue gas-liquid nitrogen heat exchanger (hereinafter referred to as the flue gas heat exchanger), a nitrogen turbine or expander, a generator, a cryogenic nitrogen refrigeration treatment device and a liquid storage tank, and two liquid nitrogen booster pumps. The flue gas-liquid nitrogen heat exchanger is arranged in the flue gas duct leading out from the tail end of the waste heat boiler. Liquid nitrogen is heated, evaporated, and separated into gas and liquid in this heat exchanger. The nitrogen turbine or expander converts the kinetic and thermal energy of nitrogen into mechanical energy to drive the generator to generate electricity. Part of the electricity is used for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen / oxygen, cryogenic nitrogen refrigeration treatment device and other auxiliary equipment, and the remainder is used to generate electricity for grid connection.

[0042] The process flow is as follows: Liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank is transported to the heat exchanger via a liquid nitrogen booster pump pipeline for heating, evaporation, and gas-liquid separation. The gas is introduced into the steam turbine or expander. After working in the steam turbine or expander, the nitrogen is transported to the cryogenic nitrogen refrigeration unit and liquid storage tank via the exhaust pipe. It is then transported to the flue gas heat exchanger by the liquid nitrogen booster pump, thus forming a closed loop, making full use of the exhaust heat energy and reducing atmospheric heat emissions.

[0043] The flue gas material recovery unit 2 in this scheme includes: 1) a low-temperature flue gas CO2 capture and water separation device; 2) a methanol synthesis device; 3) two methanol booster pumps; 4) a methanol storage tank; 5) a methanol transfer pump; 6) an electrolysis water hydrogen / oxygen production device; 7) two oxygen booster pumps; and 8) two wastewater pumps.

[0044] The process flow is as follows: Low-temperature flue gas passes through a CO2 capture and water separation unit to extract carbon dioxide and water. The water then passes through a water electrolysis unit to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen is pressurized by a booster pump (if needed) and sent to the inlet flue of the waste heat boiler to provide oxygen for methanol combustion in the waste heat boiler. CO2 is hydrogenated to synthesize methanol in the methanol synthesis unit, which is then pumped to the methanol storage tank via a methanol booster pump and then returned to the waste heat boiler for combustion via a methanol transfer pump.

[0045] The following effects can be achieved by adopting this solution: 1. This scheme uses waste heat from flue gas to heat nitrogen, which is then heated and evaporated in a heat exchanger before entering a steam turbine. The steam turbine drives a generator to produce electricity, part of which is used for hydrogen / oxygen production via water electrolysis, low-temperature nitrogen refrigeration equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. The remainder is used to generate electricity for grid connection, thus making full use of flue gas heat energy and reducing atmospheric heat emissions.

[0046] 2. Nitrogen power generation, as an emerging power generation method, has many advantages, such as being environmentally friendly, efficient, and safe, and is gradually attracting attention. First, nitrogen, as an inert gas, is harmless to the environment and does not produce harmful emissions during the power generation process. Second, nitrogen power generation is highly efficient, effectively converting the energy of nitrogen into electrical energy. Finally, because nitrogen is non-flammable and non-explosive, nitrogen power generation also has significant advantages in terms of safety.

[0047] 3. The low-temperature nitrogen gas after doing work absorbs heat from the flue gas, which lowers the temperature of this part of the flue gas. The captured carbon dioxide is hydrogenated and made into methanol, which is then returned to the waste heat boiler for combustion. This cycle repeats itself. The return of methanol to the boiler for combustion can increase the boiler steam output, thereby increasing the unit's power generation.

[0048] 4. Part of the electricity generated by the low-temperature nitrogen turbine generator set is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen (the water comes from liquid flue gas separation, and the insufficient part is supplemented by the power plant's water treatment system). The oxygen separated from the water electrolysis is pressurized by a booster (if necessary) and then sent to the waste heat boiler to provide oxygen for methanol combustion in the waste heat boiler.

[0049] 5. This patent allows the carbon dioxide captured from flue gas to be hydrogenated and then converted into methanol, which is then returned to the waste heat boiler for combustion. This not only increases the unit's power generation but also solves the problem of carbon dioxide consumption and storage, significantly improving the efficiency of the gas turbine unit.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A comprehensive utilization system for carbon dioxide capture and generation from waste heat from gas turbine units, characterized in that, It includes a flue gas energy recovery unit (1) and a flue gas material recovery unit (2). The heat exchange end of the flue gas energy recovery unit (1) is embedded in the flue gas pipeline (3). The oxygen production end of the flue gas material recovery unit (2) is connected to the methanol burner (4) of the waste heat boiler of the gas turbine unit. The methanol production end of the flue gas material recovery unit (2) is connected to the supplementary combustion burner (5) of the waste heat boiler of the gas turbine unit.

2. The gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas energy recovery unit (1) includes a heat exchange unit (11), an energy conversion unit (12), a liquid storage unit (13), and a power unit (14); the heat exchange unit (11), the energy conversion unit (12), the liquid storage unit (13), and the power unit (14) are connected in sequence through pipelines to form a circulation loop; the heat exchange unit (11) is located in the pipeline where the high-temperature flue gas is located.

3. The gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy conversion unit (12) is a nitrogen turbine (121) and a generator (122), or an expander and a generator (122); the heat exchange unit (11) is a flue gas-nitrogen heat exchanger.

4. The gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The liquid storage unit (13) includes a low-temperature nitrogen refrigeration device (131) and a liquid storage tank (132); the low-temperature nitrogen refrigeration device (131) is connected to the outlet of the energy conversion unit (12) and the liquid storage tank respectively.

5. The gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power unit (14) includes two parallel lifting pipelines (141), each of which is equipped with a liquid nitrogen lifting pump (142); the lifting pipelines (141) are connected in parallel with the entire circulation loop.

6. The gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flue gas material recovery unit (2) includes a flue gas treatment module (21), a methanol synthesis module (22), and an oxygen preparation module (24); the flue gas treatment module (21) is connected to the flue gas pipeline (3), and the flue gas treatment module (21) is equipped with a carbon dioxide capture unit (212) and a water separation unit (213); the purified water outlet of the flue gas treatment module (21) is connected to the oxygen preparation module (24); the carbon dioxide outlet of the flue gas treatment module (21) is connected to the methanol synthesis module (22); and the hydrogen outlet of the oxygen preparation module (24) is connected to the methanol synthesis module (22).

7. The gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The methanol synthesis module (22) includes a methanol synthesis unit (221), a methanol booster unit (222), a methanol storage tank (223), a methanol conveying unit (224), and a methanol outlet pipe (225). The methanol synthesis unit (221) is connected to the methanol storage tank (223) through the methanol booster unit (222). The methanol storage tank (223) is connected to the methanol outlet pipe (225) through the methanol conveying unit (224). The methanol outlet pipe (225) is connected to a superheated burner. The methanol synthesis unit (221) is connected to the carbon dioxide outlet of the flue gas treatment module (21) and the hydrogen outlet of the oxygen preparation module (24).

8. The gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The methanol boosting section (222) includes two parallel boosting pipelines (226), and a methanol boosting pump (227) is installed in the boosting pipelines (226); the methanol delivery section (224) includes two parallel methanol delivery pipelines (228), and a methanol delivery pump (229) is installed in the methanol delivery pipelines (228).

9. The gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The oxygen preparation module (24) includes an electrolysis device (241) and an oxygen delivery pipeline (242). The electrolysis device (241) is provided with two liquid inlets, one of which is connected to the clean water outlet of the flue gas treatment module (21), and the other is connected to the external water supply pipeline. One end of the oxygen delivery pipeline (242) is connected to the oxygen outlet of the electrolysis device (241), and the other end extends into the methanol burner (4) of the waste heat boiler.

10. The gas turbine unit flue gas waste heat power generation carbon dioxide capture and comprehensive utilization system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The oxygen delivery pipeline (242) includes two parallel oxygen delivery pipelines (243), and an oxygen booster (244) is installed in the oxygen delivery pipeline (243).

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