Internal self-lubricating structure for 5, 7 cylinder swing compressor and fixed displacement compressor

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of inside self-lubricating structure and fixed displacement compressor for 5,7 swing type compressor, the utility model discloses that the end face of front cover is towards the inside cavity of cylinder is set up guide hole, and the oil guide channel that the shaft seal cavity formed between the guide hole and main shaft is communicated with front cover is processed.Working, using the centrifugal force of main shaft swash plate rotation to throw frozen oil to front cover, oil is accurately transported to shaft seal cavity and front cover thrust bearing etc. Key friction pair area under the action of gravity through guide hole and oil guide channel and is lubricated and cooled down;Subsequently, lubricating oil is returned to the inside cavity of cylinder under the action of negative pressure generated by the asymmetric structure of swash plate, and stable, efficient closed self-circulation is formed.The structure can significantly improve lubrication reliability, avoid local high temperature, prolong the service life of compressor, and need not external complex oil circuit, compact structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of swing-type air conditioning compressors, and in particular to an internal self-lubricating structure for 5-cylinder and 7-cylinder swing-type compressors and a fixed displacement compressor. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, domestic automotive air conditioning compressors mainly adopt swing-type fixed displacement compressors (such as 5-cylinder and 7-cylinder structures), which are characterized by compact structure, low cost and high reliability, and are widely used in economy and mid-range models and construction machinery vehicles.

[0003] The basic structure of this type of compressor typically includes a cylinder block 1, a main shaft, a main shaft swashplate 2, and a front cover 3. The front cover 3 is sealed and fixed to the cylinder block 1 by fasteners, forming a closed compression chamber. The main shaft and the main shaft swashplate 2, which is fixedly connected to it, are housed within this chamber.

[0004] The 5-cylinder swing compressor features a self-lubricating internal structure where five cylinders arranged in a star shape surround a main shaft, with a swashplate fixed to the end of the main shaft. When the main shaft rotates, the rotational motion of the main shaft is converted into the reciprocating linear motion of the piston within the cylinder through the cooperation of the swashplate and the planetary disk connecting rod assembly, thereby completing the process of gas intake, compression, and discharge.

[0005] The 7-cylinder swing compressor features a self-lubricating internal structure with seven cylinders arranged in a star shape around a central main shaft inside the cylinder block. The drive end of the main shaft is connected to a swashplate. When the main shaft rotates, the rotational motion of the main shaft is converted into reciprocating linear motion of the seven pistons within the cylinders with uniform phase difference through the cooperation of the swashplate and planetary disk connecting rod assembly. This results in a larger airflow and a smoother continuous gas compression process.

[0006] However, due to the severe frictional heat generated by the moving parts inside the compressor (such as swashplate, piston, bearings, etc.) at high speeds, the lubrication and cooling performance of the refrigeration oil directly affects the compressor's lifespan and efficiency.

[0007] In existing swing compressor designs, the circulation of refrigerant oil mainly relies on the following methods: 1. Swashplate centrifugal oil throwing: When the main shaft rotates, the swashplate throws the refrigerant oil onto the cylinder wall, and some of the oil flows back to the bottom of the compressor cavity.

[0008] 2. Front cover guide hole + oil pipe oil supply: The oil pipe introduces the refrigerant oil into the front cover shaft seal and main shaft bearing to lubricate the needle roller bearing and cool the shaft seal.

[0009] 3. Gravity refrigeration: Some of the refrigeration oil returns to the oil tank by gravity, forming a circulation.

[0010] However, this lubrication method has the following problems: 1. Unstable fuel supply: At low speeds or when the swashplate angle changes, insufficient centrifugal force prevents the refrigeration oil from being effectively thrown to the lubrication points, resulting in poor local lubrication.

[0011] The oil supply from the oil guide pipe is affected by the compressor's posture (such as vehicle climbing a hill or rapid acceleration), which may lead to an interruption in oil supply.

[0012] 2. Oil circuit design relies on experience: The position of the front cover guide hole, the size of the oil guide tube, and other parameters are usually adjusted based on experiments, lacking systematic fluid simulation optimization, which leads to large differences in lubrication effect under different working conditions.

[0013] Lubrication challenges of 3- and 5-cylinder compressors: Compared to 7-cylinder models, 5-cylinder compressors have fewer cylinders, resulting in more uneven oil distribution during swashplate rotation. This can easily lead to insufficient lubrication of some bearings or pistons, affecting their service life.

[0014] 4. High temperature problem of shaft seal: Traditional lubrication methods have limited cooling effect on shaft seals, and long-term operation may lead to shaft seal aging and leakage, affecting the compressor's sealing performance. Utility Model Content

[0015] The purpose of this invention is to achieve a more stable internal self-lubricating structure for 5- and 7-cylinder swing compressors and fixed displacement compressors by optimizing the layout of the front cover guide holes, utilizing the negative pressure effect generated by the asymmetrical structure of the swashplate, and combining it with gravity reflux.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An internal self-lubricating structure for a cylinder oscillating compressor is provided. The self-lubricating structure is located on the front cover of the compressor. The main shaft is connected to the mounting hole of the front cover by a main shaft needle roller bearing, so that the gap between the main shaft and the front cover forms a shaft seal cavity. A lubricating front cover thrust bearing is provided between the front cover and the main shaft swashplate. The front cover is provided with a front cover guide hole and an oil guide channel. The front cover guide hole is located on the upper side of the end face of the front cover near the inner cavity of the cylinder, and is used to receive refrigeration oil; one end of the oil guide channel is connected to the front cover guide hole, and the other end of the oil guide channel is connected to the shaft seal cavity, so as to guide the refrigeration oil to the area where the shaft seal cavity and the front cover thrust bearing are located.

[0017] Preferably, the shaft seal cavity is provided with a main shaft seal, which is sleeved on the main shaft to achieve dynamic sealing between the main shaft and the front cover port.

[0018] Preferably, the front cover guide hole is located radially outside the front cover thrust bearing.

[0019] Preferably, the front cover guide holes are multiple and distributed circumferentially around the center of the front cover, and each front cover guide hole is connected to an independent oil guide channel, and each oil guide channel is connected to the shaft seal cavity.

[0020] Preferably, the oil guide channel is a pre-drilled hole inside the front cover.

[0021] A fixed displacement compressor having the internal self-lubricating structure described above.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: 1. This utility model optimizes the guide holes and oil channels on the front cover, and uses the synergistic effect of centrifugal force, gravity and swashplate negative pressure to construct a closed oil circuit, thereby achieving stable and reliable self-circulation of refrigeration oil inside the compressor, fundamentally overcoming the instability of traditional splash lubrication.

[0023] 2. This utility model achieves efficient lubrication and forced cooling of the core friction pairs by precisely guiding the lubricating oil to key areas such as the front cover thrust bearing, main shaft bearing and shaft seal, which significantly reduces wear and avoids local high temperature.

[0024] 3. This utility model enhances the lubrication and cooling effect to prevent localized oil overheating, effectively inhibiting the deterioration and carbonization of refrigeration oil, and ensuring the long-term stability of lubricating oil performance and the cleanliness of the lubrication system.

[0025] 4. By highly integrating the self-lubricating structure inside the front cover, this utility model achieves the significant advantages of improving lubrication performance while maintaining the compressor's compact structure and low cost.

[0026] 5. By providing a stable and reliable internal lubrication environment, this utility model comprehensively reduces the wear of various moving parts, thereby achieving the ultimate goal of significantly extending the service life of the entire swing-type fixed displacement compressor.

[0027] In summary, this utility model, by integrating innovative guide holes and oil channels on the front cover, cleverly utilizes centrifugal force, gravity, and negative pressure effects to successfully construct a stable and efficient self-lubricating circulation system. This not only achieves precise lubrication and effective cooling of key friction pairs such as the compressor front cover thrust bearing and main shaft bearing, significantly improving operational reliability, but also achieves the core objective of extending the service life of the entire machine through its highly integrated and compact structure. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1In the embodiment of this utility model, an internal self-lubricating structure for a 5-cylinder or 7-cylinder swing compressor is provided. In embodiment one, the internal self-lubricating structure for a 5-cylinder swing compressor is selected. Figure 2 for Figure 1 Front and side sectional views of the middle front cover 3; Figure 3 In Embodiment 2 of the internal self-lubricating structure for a 5-cylinder or 7-cylinder swing compressor provided by this utility model, the internal self-lubricating structure for a 7-cylinder swing compressor is selected. Figure 4 for Figure 3 Front and side sectional views of the middle front cover 3.

[0029] The serial numbers in the diagram are as follows: 1. Cylinder block; 2. Spindle swashplate; 3. Front cover; 4. Front cover guide hole; 5. Oil guide channel; 6. Shaft seal cavity; 7. Spindle needle roller bearing; 8. Front cover thrust bearing; 9. Spindle shaft seal. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment discloses an internal self-lubricating structure for a 5- or 7-cylinder swing compressor. Example

[0032] Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment illustrates an internal self-lubricating structure for a 5-cylinder swing compressor. The self-lubricating components of the 5-cylinder swing compressor include the compressor body 1, main shaft, main shaft swashplate 2, and front cover 3. The front cover 3 is sealed and fixed to the cylinder body 1 by fasteners. The main shaft and the main shaft swashplate 2 connected to it are housed within the cylinder body 1. The main shaft is connected to the central mounting hole of the front cover 3 via a main shaft needle roller bearing 7. A shaft sealing cavity 6 is formed between the main shaft and the front cover 3, and a main shaft seal 9 is installed within the shaft sealing cavity 6 to achieve dynamic sealing at the port of the main shaft and the front cover 3. A front cover thrust bearing 8 is provided between the front cover 3 and the main shaft swashplate 2.

[0033] The self-lubricating structure is located on the front cover 3 of the compressor, and the front cover 3 has a front cover guide hole 4 and an oil guide channel 5.

[0034] The front cover guide hole 4 is located on the upper side of the end face of the front cover 3 near the inner cavity of the cylinder 1, and is used to receive the refrigeration oil; one end of the oil guide channel 5 is connected to the front cover guide hole 4, and the other end of the oil guide channel 5 is connected to the shaft seal cavity 6, so as to guide the refrigeration oil to the area where the shaft seal cavity 6 and the front cover thrust bearing 8 are located.

[0035] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the front cover guide hole 4 is located radially outside the front cover thrust bearing 8.

[0036] Furthermore, in this embodiment, multiple front cover guide holes 4 are used and are distributed circumferentially around the center of the front cover 3, and each front cover guide hole 4 is connected to an independent oil guide channel 5, and each oil guide channel 5 is connected to the shaft seal cavity 6.

[0037] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the oil guide channel 5 is a drilled hole pre-set inside the front cover 3.

[0038] Furthermore, this embodiment utilizes the inherent physical effects of compressor operation to construct a highly efficient and reliable closed-loop lubricating oil circulation system based on the self-lubricating structure. This circulation relies on the coordinated action of three major effects: centrifugal force, gravity, and negative pressure. The specific process is as follows: 1. Centrifugal oil removal and gravity collection (oil supply stage): When the compressor is running, the main shaft drives the main shaft swashplate 2 to rotate at high speed. The rotating swashplate generates a strong centrifugal force, which throws the refrigerant oil attached to it toward the surrounding cylinder walls and eventually collects at the junction of the front cover 3 and the cylinder body 1. Subsequently, under the action of gravity, the collected refrigerant oil flows naturally into the front cover guide hole 4 opened on the end face of the front cover 3.

[0039] 2. Directional conveying and critical lubrication (core function stage): After passing through the guide hole 4 on the front cover, the refrigeration oil enters the oil guide channel 5. The oil guide channel 5 directs and precisely guides the oil to the locations that require the most lubrication and cooling. When the oil flows to the shaft seal cavity 6 and the spindle needle roller bearing 7, it lubricates the bearing and forms an oil film in the shaft seal cavity 6. At the same time, it lubricates and cools the spindle shaft seal 9 to prevent it from failing due to overheating caused by dry friction.

[0040] When the oil flows to the front cover thrust bearing 8, the oil reaches the friction surface of the thrust bearing between the front cover 3 and the main shaft swashplate 2, forming a lubricating oil film, which effectively reduces wear and withstands axial force.

[0041] Negative pressure reflux and system circulation (reflux stage): After lubrication, the refrigeration oil is actively drawn back by the negative pressure effect generated by the asymmetrical rotation of the spindle swashplate 2 and returns to the inner cavity of the cylinder 1 through the gaps of the spindle needle roller bearing 7.

[0042] 4. Cycle establishment and sustained effect: The refrigerant oil that flows back into the inner cavity of cylinder 1 will be stirred up again by the rotating spindle swashplate 2 and enter the next cycle through centrifugal force.

[0043] In summary, during the entire operation of a 5-cylinder or 7-cylinder swing compressor, the refrigerant oil forms an automatic, continuous, and closed-loop circulation flow of "cylinder internal cavity → centrifugal ejection → gravity collection → directional delivery → critical lubrication → negative pressure return".

[0044] Through the above cycle, continuous lubrication of the front cover thrust bearing 8 and the main shaft needle roller bearing 7 is achieved, and the main shaft seal 9 is effectively cooled, thereby significantly improving the operating reliability and service life of the compressor. Example

[0045] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment demonstrates an internal self-lubricating structure for a 7-cylinder swing compressor. The basic structure of Embodiment 2 is essentially the same as that of Embodiment 1. However, due to the structure of the 7-cylinder swing compressor, the setting of the self-lubricating structure has been adjusted to some extent.

[0046] The adjustment is as follows: The guide hole 4 and the oil guide channel 5 are also pre-set on the front cover 3. However, according to the structure of the 7-cylinder swing compressor, the oil guide channel 5 is drilled to connect to the original oil guide channel of the front cover 3 of the 7-cylinder swing compressor. It is also connected to the original oil guide channel through the oil guide channel 5, thereby connecting the shaft seal cavity 6 through the original oil guide channel to guide the refrigerant oil to the area where the shaft seal cavity 6 and the front cover thrust bearing 8 are located.

[0047] The working principle of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1. Both achieve automatic circulation of lubricating oil through centrifugal force oil throwing, gravity collection, directional conveying, and negative pressure reflux.

[0048] The difference lies in the fact that, based on the above structure, after the refrigeration oil passes through the guide hole 4 of the front cover, it enters the oil guide channel 5 and then enters the original oil guide channel through the oil guide channel 5, and then passes through the shaft seal cavity 6, guiding the refrigeration oil to the area where the shaft seal cavity 6 and the front cover thrust bearing 8 are located.

[0049] Furthermore, this structure is applied to compressors with seven cylinders arranged in a radial configuration. With more cylinders and more friction pairs, the requirements for the lubrication system are higher. The self-lubricating structure in this embodiment can still efficiently and reliably guide lubricating oil to all critical parts, demonstrating the design's good scalability and versatility, making it particularly suitable for multi-cylinder compressors requiring higher airflow and smoother operation.

[0050] In summary, the self-lubricating structure of this embodiment, by cleverly utilizing physical principles, is not only suitable for 5-cylinder compressors, but also perfectly adaptable to more complex 7-cylinder compressors, significantly improving the reliability and durability of multi-cylinder swing compressors.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model, based on the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present utility model, should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An internal self-lubricating structure for a 5- or 7-cylinder swing compressor, the self-lubricating structure being disposed on the front cover (3) of the compressor, wherein a main shaft is connected to the mounting hole of the front cover (3) by a main shaft needle roller bearing (7), such that the gap between the main shaft and the front cover (3) forms a shaft seal cavity (6); characterized in that, A lubricating front cover thrust bearing (8) is provided between the front cover (3) and the main shaft swashplate (2). The front cover (3) is provided with a front cover guide hole (4) and an oil guide channel (5). The front cover guide hole (4) is located on the upper side of the end face of the front cover (3) near the inner cavity of the cylinder (1) and is used to receive refrigeration oil. One end of the oil guide channel (5) is connected to the front cover guide hole (4), and the other end of the oil guide channel (5) is connected to the shaft seal cavity (6) to guide the refrigeration oil to the area where the shaft seal cavity (6) and the front cover thrust bearing (8) are located.

2. The internal self-lubricating structure for a 5- or 7-cylinder swing compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaft sealing cavity (6) is provided with a main shaft seal (9), which is sleeved on the main shaft to achieve dynamic sealing between the main shaft and the front cover (3) port.

3. The internal self-lubricating structure for a 5- or 7-cylinder swing compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front cover guide hole (4) is located on the radial outer side of the front cover thrust bearing (8).

4. The internal self-lubricating structure for a 5- or 7-cylinder swing compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front cover guide hole (4) is multiple and is distributed circumferentially around the center of the front cover (3). Each front cover guide hole (4) is connected to an independent oil guide channel (5), and each oil guide channel (5) is connected to the shaft seal cavity (6).

5. The internal self-lubricating structure for a 5- or 7-cylinder swing compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil guide channel (5) is a pre-drilled hole inside the front cover (3).

6. A constant displacement compressor having an internal self-lubricating structure as described in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

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