A differential

Abstract

The application discloses a differential mechanism, which comprises a housing assembly and a planetary gear and a half shaft gear assembly located in the housing assembly. The half shaft gear assembly comprises a first half shaft gear and a second half shaft gear, and the half shaft gear assembly is provided with at least one oil storage groove arranged on an end face of the half shaft gear assembly facing the housing assembly. The housing assembly comprises a first housing and a second housing, and the first housing and the second housing are both provided with a first oil channel and a half shaft mounting hole. The first oil channel is connected with the outside of the housing assembly and the inner cavity of the housing assembly, and the half shaft mounting hole is used for mounting the half shaft and the half shaft gear assembly. Compared with the prior art, the differential mechanism disclosed by the application combines the oil channel on the housing with the oil groove on the half shaft gear to form an efficient and reliable lubricating path, thereby increasing the lubricating capacity of the differential mechanism and improving the lubricating reliability of the differential mechanism under extreme working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more specifically, to a differential. Background Technology

[0002] A car differential is a mechanism that allows the left and right (or front and rear) drive wheels to rotate at different speeds. When energized, a differential lock prevents differential damage, enabling the vehicle to get out of trouble. When de-energized, it functions as a regular differential. Vehicles equipped with differential locks are well-suited for use in harsh weather conditions, such as icy roads, remote areas, and extreme off-road situations. Differential locks operate in extremely harsh environments, including not only normal differential conditions but also various extreme conditions such as steep climbs and very high wheel-to-wheel differentials. Without reliable lubrication, the entire product is prone to burning and damage, leading to reduced reliability.

[0003] The existing solution is to add lubrication channels in the half-shaft holes of the differential housing and to achieve lubrication by opening non-centered eccentric grooves on the end face of the half-shaft gear. However, the oil intake and lubrication effect are low under extreme conditions, and the manufacturing process is relatively complex and costly.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the lubrication performance of the differential has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this application is to disclose a differential to improve the lubrication performance of the differential.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A differential includes a housing assembly and a planetary gear and a half-shaft gear assembly located within the housing assembly;

[0008] The half-shaft gear assembly includes a first half-shaft gear and a second half-shaft gear, and the half-shaft gear assembly is provided with at least one oil reservoir, which is disposed on the end face of the half-shaft gear assembly facing the housing assembly.

[0009] The housing assembly includes a first housing and a second housing. Both the first housing and the second housing are provided with a first oil passage and a half-shaft mounting hole. The first oil passage connects the outside of the housing assembly and the inner cavity of the housing assembly. The half-shaft mounting hole is used to install a half-shaft and the half-shaft gear assembly.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the first oil passage includes a first oil groove and a through oil hole; the first oil groove includes a first port and a second port, and the first port of the first oil groove communicates with the oil hole;

[0011] The extension direction of the first oil groove forms an acute angle with the radial direction of the half-shaft mounting hole, such that the second port of the first oil groove is located upstream in the circumferential direction when the housing assembly rotates, and the first port of the first oil groove is located downstream in the circumferential direction.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the second housing has a second oil passage on the end face facing the half-shaft gear assembly, the second oil passage connecting the first oil passage and the oil reservoir.

[0013] In one possible implementation, an oil baffle is provided on one side of the second oil passage to guide the lubricating oil to the contact surface between the second housing and the half-shaft gear assembly.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the first half-shaft gear is provided with a second oil groove, the second oil groove including a third port and a fourth port, the third port of the second oil groove being connected to the oil storage tank;

[0015] The extension direction of the second oil groove forms an acute angle with the radial direction of the first half-shaft gear, such that the fourth port of the second oil groove is located upstream in the circumferential direction when the first half-shaft gear rotates, and the third port of the second oil groove is located downstream in the circumferential direction.

[0016] In one possible implementation, a third oil groove is provided on the journal end face of the first half-shaft gear, the journal end face faces the first housing, the third oil groove includes a fifth port and a sixth port, and the fifth port of the third oil groove communicates with the center hole of the first half-shaft gear.

[0017] The extension direction of the third oil groove forms an acute angle with the radial direction of the first half-shaft gear, such that the sixth port of the third oil groove is located upstream in the circumferential direction when the first half-shaft gear rotates, and the fifth port of the third oil groove is located downstream in the circumferential direction.

[0018] In one possible implementation, a fourth oil groove is provided on the journal of the first half-shaft gear, the extension direction of the fourth oil groove being parallel to the axial direction of the first half-shaft gear; the fourth oil groove is connected to the third oil groove.

[0019] In one possible implementation, a third oil passage is provided on the wall of the half-shaft mounting hole, the third oil passage having a spiral structure; one end of the third oil passage communicates with the outside of the housing assembly, and the other end communicates with the inner cavity of the housing assembly; the third oil passage is configured to axially deliver lubricating oil from the outside of the housing assembly to the inner cavity of the housing assembly when the housing assembly rotates.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the housing assembly is provided with a fifth oil groove; the fifth oil groove includes a seventh port and an eighth port, and the seventh port of the fifth oil groove is connected to the third oil passage;

[0021] The extension direction of the fifth oil groove forms an acute angle with the radial direction of the half-shaft mounting hole, such that the eighth port of the fifth oil groove is located upstream in the circumferential direction when the housing assembly rotates, and the seventh port of the fifth oil groove is located downstream in the circumferential direction.

[0022] In one possible implementation, a first half-shaft gear shim is provided between the tooth end of the first half-shaft gear and the first housing, and a window is provided on the first housing, the projection of the window on the first half-shaft gear completely covering the projection of the first half-shaft gear shim on the first half-shaft gear.

[0023] The differential disclosed in this application adds a first oil passage to the housing assembly, allowing more lubricating oil to enter the housing assembly during rotation. By adding an oil reservoir to the half-shaft gear assembly, more lubricating oil can be stored in the reservoir to provide lubrication between the half-shaft gear assembly and the housing assembly, reducing wear between them, improving the differential's lubrication performance under extreme conditions, and extending the differential's service life.

[0024] Compared with related technologies, the differential disclosed in this application forms an efficient and reliable lubrication path by combining the oil passage on the housing with the oil groove on the half-shaft gear, which increases the lubrication capacity of the differential and improves the lubrication reliability of the differential under extreme working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the differential disclosed in the embodiments of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the differential disclosed in the embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second housing disclosed in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second housing disclosed in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first housing disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first half-shaft gear disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second half-shaft gear disclosed in an embodiment of this application.

[0033] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0034] 100. Housing assembly; 110. First housing; 120. Second housing; 130. Window

[0035] 200, Half-shaft gear assembly; 210, First half-shaft gear; 220, Second half-shaft gear;

[0036] 300, gasket assembly; 310, first gasket; 320, first half-shaft gear gasket; 330, second gasket;

[0037] 410. Oil storage tank; 420. Second oil tank; 430. Third oil tank; 440. Fourth oil tank;

[0038] 510, First oil passage; 511, Oil hole; 512, First oil groove; 520, Second oil passage; 530, Third oil passage; 540, Fifth oil groove;

[0039] 600. Oil-blocking ribs;

[0040] 700, Half-shaft mounting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The purpose of this application is to disclose a differential to improve the lubrication performance of the differential.

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0043] See Figures 1 to 7As shown, the differential disclosed in this application mainly includes a housing assembly 100 and a planetary gear and a half-shaft gear assembly 200 located within the housing assembly 100. The housing assembly 100 includes a first housing 110 and a second housing 120, which form a cavity for mounting the planetary gear and the half-shaft gear assembly 200. The planetary gear and the half-shaft gear assembly 200 mesh and are mounted within the cavity of the housing assembly 100. Both the first housing 110 and the second housing 120 have a through-hole for mounting the vehicle's half-shaft and the half-shaft gear assembly 200.

[0044] The half-shaft gear assembly 200 includes a first half-shaft gear 210 and a second half-shaft gear 220, which are arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the planetary gear and mesh with it. The half-shaft gear assembly 200 is provided with at least one oil reservoir 410. The oil reservoir 410 can be an annular groove structure, provided on the end face of the half-shaft gear assembly 200 facing the housing assembly 100. Specifically, as... Figure 6 As shown, the oil reservoir 410 can be located on the back of the teeth of the first half-shaft gear 210. Or as... Figure 7 As shown, the oil reservoir 410 can be disposed on the end face where the shaft segment of the second half-shaft gear 220 connects with the gear teeth. The core function of the oil reservoir 410 is to establish a micro-oil storage structure. When lubricating oil passes by, the oil reservoir 410 can capture and store it. In the instant when the lubricating oil supply decreases or the demand increases (such as during extreme conditions such as climbing or aggressive driving), the oil stored in the oil reservoir 410 can continue to supply oil to the friction pair, forming a miniature continuous lubrication source. This ensures that the half-shaft gear assembly 200 and the housing assembly 100 can obtain more continuous and stable lubricating oil under any operating conditions, greatly reducing the risk of wear caused by instantaneous oil shortage.

[0045] Both the first housing 110 and the second housing 120 are provided with a first oil passage 510. The first oil passage 510 can be a through hole or a combination of a through hole and a groove. The inlet of the first oil passage 510 faces the outside of the housing assembly 100, and its outlet faces the inside of the housing assembly 100, that is, the side where the half-shaft gear assembly 200 is installed, so as to guide the lubricating oil from outside the differential into the inner cavity of the housing assembly 100. Compared with conventional differentials that rely entirely on internal passive splash lubrication, that is, relying on rotating gears to throw oil onto other parts, the first oil passage 510 constitutes an active oil guiding channel. Utilizing the installation position and rotational movement of the differential on the vehicle, it actively guides more lubricating oil from outside the differential, or collected splashed oil, directly into the core area inside the housing assembly 100, ensuring the stability of the oil source. Moreover, the outlet of the first oil passage 510 can lead to the back of the half-shaft gear assembly 200, directly guiding or spraying oil onto key friction surfaces, forming a tough oil film on the surface of high-stress friction pairs, significantly reducing wear and seizing risks.

[0046] The differential disclosed in this application adds a first oil passage 510 to the housing assembly 100, allowing more lubricating oil to enter the housing assembly 100 through the first oil passage 510 when the differential rotates. By adding an oil reservoir 410 to the half-shaft gear assembly 200, more lubricating oil can be stored in the oil reservoir 410 to provide lubrication between the half-shaft gear assembly 200 and the housing assembly 100, reducing wear between the half-shaft gear assembly 200 and the housing assembly 100, improving the lubrication performance of the differential under extreme operating conditions, and extending the service life of the differential.

[0047] Compared with related technologies, the differential disclosed in this application forms an efficient and reliable lubrication path by combining the oil passages on the housing with the oil grooves on the gears, which increases the lubrication capacity of the differential and improves the lubrication reliability of the differential under extreme working conditions.

[0048] In one specific implementation, the first oil passage 510 may include a first oil groove 512 and a through oil hole 511. Multiple oil holes 511 may be included, and the specific number of oil holes 511 can be set by those skilled in the art based on requirements. Figure 3 In the embodiment shown, the first housing 110 is provided with four oil holes 511. Figure 5 In the embodiment shown, the second housing 120 is provided with six oil holes 511. Each oil hole 511 is connected to a first oil groove 512, which includes a first port and a second port. The first port of the first oil groove 512 is connected to the oil hole 511.

[0049] The extension direction of the first oil groove 512 forms an acute angle with the radial direction of the half-shaft mounting hole 700. The specific value of the angle can be set by those skilled in the art based on requirements, ensuring that the second port of the first oil groove 512 is located upstream in the circumferential direction when the housing assembly 100 rotates, and the first port of the first oil groove 512 is located downstream in the circumferential direction. The rotation direction of the housing assembly 100 can be the same as the rotation direction of the housing assembly 100 when the vehicle is moving forward. When the differential housing assembly 100 rotates, the lubricating oil adhering to its surface is subjected to a strong centrifugal force, tending to be thrown outwards. The design of the first oil groove 512 ensures that when the housing assembly 100 rotates, the lubricating oil is naturally introduced into the first oil groove 512 in the forward direction. Once the oil enters the first oil groove 512, the strong centrifugal force forces the oil to flow along the first oil groove 512 towards the inlet of the oil hole 511. This design greatly increases the effective area for capturing lubricating oil. As long as the oil comes into contact with any position within the first oil groove 512, it will be guided to the oil hole 511, significantly improving the probability and ability to capture lubricating oil, and forming a relatively stable oil flow to be delivered to the inside of the housing assembly 100, making the lubrication effect more stable and uniform.

[0050] In one specific implementation, the second housing 120 has a second oil passage 520 on its end face facing the half-shaft gear assembly 200, for connecting the first oil passage 510 and the oil reservoir 410. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the second oil passage 520 may include an annular groove and two straight grooves. One section of the annular groove connects two adjacent oil holes 511, and the other section connects the oil hole 511 and the straight groove. The straight grooves connect to the half-shaft mounting hole 700 of the second housing 120, and their extension direction forms a specific angle with the radial direction of the half-shaft mounting hole 700. This design forms a stable oil delivery channel, allowing lubricating oil to penetrate and distribute evenly between the second half-shaft gear 220 and the second housing 120 under the guidance of the second oil passage 520, forming an effective lubricating oil film. Moreover, the second oil passage 520 connects to the oil reservoir 410, forming a complete lubricating oil path, allowing the lubricating oil to penetrate deep into the rotating surface of the second half-shaft gear 220 in contact with the second housing 120 and be stored in the oil reservoir 410. This forms and maintains a thicker oil film on the journal surface of the second half-shaft gear 220, significantly reducing friction and wear.

[0051] In one specific implementation, the second housing 120 is further provided with an oil-blocking rib 600 for guiding lubricating oil to the contact surface between the second housing 120 and the half-shaft gear assembly 200 or the second gasket 330. The oil-blocking rib 600 may be a straight rib structure protruding from the inner wall of the second housing 120. Figure 4 As shown, the oil baffle 600 is arranged on one side of the straight groove of the second oil passage 520, and its extension direction is parallel to the extension direction of the straight groove of the second oil passage 520. When the second housing 120 rotates, the oil baffle 600 can block and guide the oil flow to the half-shaft mounting hole 700, so that more oil flows into the rotating surface of the second housing 120 that contacts the half-shaft gear assembly 200. The oil baffle 600, together with the second oil passage 520 and the oil hole 511, forms an efficient lubrication path.

[0052] To increase the lubricating oil introduction efficiency of the oil reservoir 410 on the first half-shaft gear 210, in one specific embodiment, a second oil reservoir 420 is provided on the first half-shaft gear 210. For example... Figure 6As shown, the second oil sump 420 may include four, each including a third port and a fourth port. The third port of the second oil sump 420 is connected to the oil reservoir 410. The extending direction of the second oil sump 420 forms an acute angle with the radial direction of the first half-shaft gear 210. The specific value of the angle can be designed by those skilled in the art based on requirements, such that the fourth port of the second oil sump 420 is located upstream in the circumferential direction when the first half-shaft gear 210 rotates, and the third port of the second oil sump 420 is located downstream in the circumferential direction. When the gear rotates, the lubricating oil flows tightly against the back of the gear under the action of centrifugal force. The second oil sump 420 provides a clear, low-resistance path for this surface-flowing oil film, leading directly to the oil reservoir 410. This design utilizes centrifugal force as the driving force to pump oil into the oil reservoir 410, ensuring that sufficient lubricating oil is still delivered into the oil reservoir 410 under high-speed conditions, greatly improving the differential's tolerance and reliability under harsh conditions.

[0053] In one specific embodiment, the first half-shaft gear 210 is provided with a third oil groove 430. The third oil groove 430 is located on the end face of the journal of the first half-shaft gear 210, that is, the end face facing the first housing 110. The third oil groove 430 includes a fifth port and a sixth port, and the fifth port of the third oil groove 430 communicates with the center hole of the first half-shaft gear 210. The extension direction of the third oil groove 430 forms an acute angle with the radial direction of the first half-shaft gear 210. The specific value of the angle can be designed by those skilled in the art based on the requirements, so that the sixth port of the third oil groove 430 is located upstream in the circumferential direction when the first half-shaft gear 210 rotates, and the fifth port of the third oil groove 430 is located downstream in the circumferential direction. During the operation of the differential, the end face of the journal of the first half-shaft gear 210 directly contacts the first housing 110 or the first gasket 310. The central area of ​​the contact surface may be in a state of boundary lubrication or even dry friction due to lack of oil, resulting in increased wear and high temperature. The third oil groove 430 in this design provides a defined path for lubricating oil to flow from the outside to the central area of ​​the friction pair. Furthermore, the directional design of the third oil groove 430 ensures that the rotating gear surface efficiently guides the oil along the direction of the groove, directing it towards the central hole of the first half-shaft gear 210. This guarantees lubrication of the entire contact surface area, not just the edges. This directly elevates the lubrication process from precarious boundary lubrication to more reliable full-contact surface lubrication.

[0054] To increase the lubricating oil introduction efficiency of the third oil groove 430, a fourth oil groove 440 can be provided on the journal of the first half-shaft gear 210 based on the above structure. The extension direction of the fourth oil groove 440 is parallel to the axial direction of the first half-shaft gear 210. The fourth oil groove 440 is connected to the third oil groove 430. The fourth oil groove 440 can capture the oil coming from the side of the gear, i.e., in the axial direction, and guide the oil to the third oil groove 430. This design greatly increases the amount of oil transported by the third oil groove 430, providing a more stable oil source supply for the third oil groove 430.

[0055] In one specific embodiment, to address the problem of insufficient lubrication between the half-shaft and the half-shaft mounting hole 700, a third oil passage 530 with a helical structure is provided on the hole wall of the half-shaft mounting hole 700. One end of the third oil passage 530 communicates with the outside of the housing assembly 100, and the other end communicates with the inside of the housing assembly 100. When the half-shaft rotates relative to the half-shaft mounting hole 700, the half-shaft drags the lubricating oil adhering to its surface. This oil is drawn into the third oil passage 530, and due to the helical structure of the groove, the oil is pushed along the path of the groove. Depending on the designed helical direction, the lubricating oil is continuously and directionally pumped from the outside of the housing assembly 100 to the inside of the housing assembly 100. This design facilitates lubrication of the friction pair between the half-shaft and the half-shaft mounting hole 700, reduces wear, and can deliver lubricating oil to the inside of the housing assembly 100, providing sufficient lubricating oil to cope with the heat generated at high speeds and improving the lubrication reliability of the differential.

[0056] To increase the lubricating oil introduction efficiency of the third oil passage 530, a fifth oil groove 540 is provided on the housing assembly 100. The fifth oil groove 540 is located on the outer end face of the housing assembly 100, which has a half-shaft mounting hole 700. The fifth oil groove 540 includes a seventh port and an eighth port, with the seventh port communicating with the third oil passage 530. The extension direction of the fifth oil groove 540 forms an acute angle with the radial direction of the half-shaft mounting hole 700, such that the eighth port of the fifth oil groove 540 is located upstream in the circumferential direction when the housing assembly 100 rotates, and the seventh port of the fifth oil groove 540 is located downstream in the circumferential direction. This design utilizes centrifugal force to efficiently capture lubricating oil over a relatively large range and converge it to the inlet of the third oil passage 530, solving the problems of small inlet area, low oil capture efficiency, and unstable and discontinuous oil supply in the third oil passage 530, thus improving the lubrication reliability of the third oil passage 530.

[0057] In one specific embodiment, the first housing 110 is provided with a window 130 for lubricating oil to pass through. A first half-shaft gear shim 320 is provided between the tooth end of the first half-shaft gear 210 and the first housing 110 to reduce wear and adjust gear clearance. To ensure that the first half-shaft gear shim 320 and the tooth end of the first half-shaft gear 210 can directly contact the lubricating oil entering through the window 130, the projection of the window 130 on the first half-shaft gear 210 completely covers the projection of the first half-shaft gear shim 320 on the first half-shaft gear 210. During differential operation, the tooth end of the first half-shaft gear 210 and the first half-shaft gear shim 320 will experience significant friction, generating high temperatures. The window 130 allows sufficient oil to pass through and directly cover the contact area. This design enables free exchange and circulation of lubricating oil between the inside and outside of the differential, and achieves immediate, sufficient, and efficient lubrication and cooling of high-stress, high-wear-risk areas.

[0058] The terms "first" and "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units may include steps or units not listed, but rather steps or units not listed. Additionally, in the description of embodiments in this application, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0059] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "height," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, and "at least one" can mean one, two, or more, unless otherwise expressly specified.

[0060] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Specific technical means in some embodiments may be incorporated, in whole or in part, into another embodiment unless explicitly excluded by another embodiment. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A differential, characterized in that, Includes a housing assembly (100) and a planetary gear and a half-shaft gear assembly (200) located within the housing assembly (100). The half-shaft gear assembly (200) includes a first half-shaft gear (210) and a second half-shaft gear (220). The half-shaft gear assembly (200) is provided with at least one oil reservoir (410), which is disposed on the end face of the half-shaft gear assembly (200) facing the housing assembly (100). The housing assembly (100) includes a first housing (110) and a second housing (120). Both the first housing (110) and the second housing (120) are provided with a first oil passage (510) and a half-shaft mounting hole (700). The first oil passage (510) connects the outside of the housing assembly (100) and the inner cavity of the housing assembly (100). The half-shaft mounting hole (700) is used to install the half-shaft and the half-shaft gear assembly (200).

2. The differential as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first oil passage (510) includes a first oil groove (512) and a through oil hole (511); the first oil groove (512) includes a first port and a second port, and the first port of the first oil groove (512) is connected to the oil hole (511); The extension direction of the first oil groove (512) forms an acute angle with the radial direction of the half-shaft mounting hole (700), such that the second port of the first oil groove (512) is located upstream in the circumferential direction when the housing assembly (100) rotates, and the first port of the first oil groove (512) is located downstream in the circumferential direction.

3. The differential as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The second housing (120) has a second oil passage (520) on the end face facing the half shaft gear assembly (200), and the second oil passage (520) connects the first oil passage (510) and the oil reservoir (410).

4. The differential as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The second oil passage (520) has an oil baffle rib (600) on one side, which is used to guide the lubricating oil to the contact surface between the second housing (120) and the half shaft gear assembly (200).

5. The differential as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first half-shaft gear (210) is provided with a second oil groove (420), the second oil groove (420) includes a third port and a fourth port, and the third port of the second oil groove (420) is connected to the oil storage tank (410); The extension direction of the second oil groove (420) forms an acute angle with the radial direction of the first half-shaft gear (210), such that the fourth port of the second oil groove (420) is located upstream in the circumferential direction when the first half-shaft gear (210) rotates, and the third port of the second oil groove (420) is located downstream in the circumferential direction.

6. The differential as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The first half-shaft gear (210) has a third oil groove (430) on the journal end face, the journal end face faces the first housing (110), the third oil groove (430) includes a fifth port and a sixth port, and the fifth port of the third oil groove (430) is connected to the center hole of the first half-shaft gear (210); The extension direction of the third oil groove (430) forms an acute angle with the radial direction of the first half-shaft gear (210), such that the sixth port of the third oil groove (430) is located upstream in the circumferential direction when the first half-shaft gear (210) rotates, and the fifth port of the third oil groove (430) is located downstream in the circumferential direction.

7. The differential as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The journal of the first half-shaft gear (210) is provided with a fourth oil groove (440), the extension direction of the fourth oil groove (440) is parallel to the axial direction of the first half-shaft gear (210); the fourth oil groove (440) is connected to the third oil groove (430).

8. The differential as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The half-shaft mounting hole (700) has a third oil passage (530) on its hole wall. The third oil passage (530) has a spiral structure. One end of the third oil passage (530) is connected to the outside of the housing assembly (100), and the other end is connected to the inner cavity of the housing assembly (100). The third oil passage (530) is configured to deliver lubricating oil axially from the outside of the housing assembly (100) to the inner cavity of the housing assembly (100) when the housing assembly (100) rotates.

9. The differential as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The housing assembly (100) is provided with a fifth oil groove (540); the fifth oil groove (540) includes a seventh port and an eighth port, and the seventh port of the fifth oil groove (540) is connected to the third oil passage (530); The extension direction of the fifth oil groove (540) forms an acute angle with the radial direction of the half-shaft mounting hole (700), such that the eighth port of the fifth oil groove (540) is located upstream in the circumferential direction when the housing assembly (100) rotates, and the seventh port of the fifth oil groove (540) is located downstream in the circumferential direction.

10. The differential as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, A first half-shaft gear shim (320) is provided between the tooth end of the first half-shaft gear (210) and the first housing (110). A window (130) is provided on the first housing (110). The projection of the window (130) on the first half-shaft gear (210) completely covers the projection of the first half-shaft gear shim (320) on the first half-shaft gear (210).

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