Gear shift device, gearbox and engineering machine

Abstract

The utility model discloses a gear shifting device, gearbox and engineering machinery, including transmission gear assembly, shift fork, connecting rod and actuating mechanism, transmission gear assembly includes meshing sleeve, a plurality of transmission shaft and a plurality of gear, and the meshing sleeve of axial movement is engaged with different gear and is engaged, realizes different gear position switching, the shift fork is installed on the sliding axle, and the fork head of shift fork is connected with the fork head groove of meshing sleeve, is used for promoting meshing sleeve axial movement, and the length direction one end of connecting rod is articulated with shift fork, and actuating mechanism has linear telescopic function, and the length direction other end fixed connection with connecting rod is used for promoting connecting rod axial movement, and then promotes shift fork axial movement. The utility model on one hand effectively avoids the jammed failure of gear shifting partial load or stress concentration, on the other hand avoids the gear shifting jammed failure of shift fork inclination caused by uneven force of shift fork gear shifting, and the whole structure has high safety, and gear shifting is smooth and unblocked, and the structure is more compact and has the characteristics such as more compact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a gear shifting device and belongs to the field of gearbox technology. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, common gear shifting methods in the construction machinery industry include single-axis guide forks with lead screw assistance or dual-axis guide forks. In the single-axis guide fork method, the excessive clearance between the lead screw and nut causes excessive fork oscillation during shifting, affecting smoothness. The single-axis guide fork method relies entirely on the rotation of the lead screw to control the fork's movement, resulting in poor shifting efficiency. The dual-axis guide fork method uses a splined shaft connected to a shift shaft and a sliding gear sleeve for positioning. In this method, the shift stroke relies solely on the shift shaft. The sliding gear sleeve experiences significant vibration due to the reaction force of the gear spline on the splined shaft. Furthermore, the large clearance between the fork and the sliding gear sleeve, if the skew angle is too large, can cause shifting jamming or slippage, leading to loud gear shifting noise.

[0003] Existing patent document CN206112056U discloses an electromagnetic clutch control shift fork dual-shaft guided shifting device. This patent document uses dual shafts to guide the shift fork, and the shift fork is controlled by a lead screw for shifting. The shifting efficiency is low. If jamming occurs, when the lead screw drives the shift fork to shift, it is very easy to damage the shift fork head or cause abnormal wear of the splines, resulting in abnormal noise or overheating of the gearbox. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Addressing the issues of single-axis or dual-axis positioning in current engineering machinery gearbox shifters, where force misalignment during shifting leads to high torque on the valve stem, resulting in significant jamming risk and low shifting efficiency, this invention employs a three-axis positioning shifter. This upgrades the traditional single-axis or dual-axis shifter structure to a three-axis positioning shifter. The new structure reduces the single-axis misalignment torque through bearings at both ends. During shifting, the shift fork is subjected to axial force, and the inverted conical structure of the shift gear spline allows for position adjustment via an intermediate spacer shaft. This effectively prevents shifting jamming caused by misalignment of the shift fork. Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinder structure significantly improves shifting efficiency, achieving high-efficiency and smooth shifting.

[0005] This utility model is achieved according to the following technical solution: In a first aspect, this utility model provides a gear shifting device, comprising: The transmission gear assembly includes a meshing sleeve, multiple transmission shafts, and multiple gears. The meshing sleeve moves axially and meshes with different gears to achieve different gear switching. A shift fork, mounted on a sliding shaft, has its fork head connected to the fork head groove of the engagement sleeve, and is used to push the engagement sleeve to move axially. A connecting rod, one end of which is hinged to the shift fork along its length; The actuator has a linear telescopic function and is fixedly connected to the other end of the connecting rod along its length. It is used to push the connecting rod to move axially, thereby pushing the shift fork to move axially.

[0006] In some embodiments, the actuator adopts a hydraulic cylinder structure, which includes a valve stem and a shift valve. One end of the valve stem is fixedly connected to a connecting rod in the longitudinal direction, and the other end of the valve stem is inserted into the shift valve and connected to a piston in the shift valve. By providing pressurized oil to the shift valve, the piston is pushed to move axially, thereby pushing the connecting rod to move axially.

[0007] In some embodiments, a plurality of position sensors are installed near the valve stem to detect the axial movement position of the valve stem, thereby indirectly determining the position of the gear assembly.

[0008] In some embodiments, the connecting rod is mounted on the valve stem and is secured by a nut that engages with the threaded connection on the valve stem.

[0009] In some embodiments, the hinge connection between the link and the shift fork is implemented according to the following connection structure: The connecting rod and the shift fork are provided with coaxial connecting holes, wherein the connecting hole of the connecting rod is a smooth hole and the connecting hole of the shift fork is a threaded hole; A spacer sleeve is fitted inside the aperture. The axial dimension of the spacer sleeve is larger than that of the aperture. After the bolt is inserted into the spacer sleeve, it is tightened into the threaded hole to connect the connecting rod and the shift fork together. The bolt and the spacer sleeve are fitted with a clearance, which allows the shift fork to rotate freely axially on the bolt.

[0010] In some embodiments, the shift fork is mounted on the sliding shaft, such that the shift fork slides axially only on the sliding shaft; the sliding shaft is fixed to the housing by bolts with a baffle plate, which axially limits the sliding shaft.

[0011] In some embodiments, the plurality of drive shafts includes an output drive shaft, and the plurality of gears includes an output drive gear I and an output drive gear II; the output drive gear I and the output drive gear II are connected to the output drive shaft via bearings; the internal spline of the meshing sleeve meshes with the external spline of the output drive shaft, and the internal spline of the axially movable meshing sleeve meshes with the external spline of the output drive gear I or the output drive gear II, thereby realizing the switching of different gears.

[0012] In some embodiments, the plurality of drive shafts further include an intermediate drive shaft and an input drive shaft, and the plurality of gears further include a gear shift gear and a first-stage driven gear; the gear shift gear and the first-stage driven gear are fitted with the intermediate drive shaft by an interference fit; the output drive gear II meshes with the gear on the intermediate drive shaft, the output drive gear I meshes with the gear shift gear, and the gear on the input drive shaft meshes with the first-stage driven gear.

[0013] Secondly, this utility model provides a gearbox, including the aforementioned gear shifting device.

[0014] Thirdly, this utility model provides an engineering machinery, including the aforementioned gear shifting device; or, including the aforementioned gearbox.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: In the shifting device provided by this utility model, the position movement of the shift fork mainly relies on the axial movement of the piston inside the shift valve body to drive the valve rod. Using this hydraulic piston structure can greatly improve shifting efficiency. Then, the valve rod drives the connecting rod to move. The connecting rod is connected to the shift fork by a bolt and a spacer sleeve. The shift fork is positioned and restricted in axial movement by a sliding shaft. The outer diameter of the spacer sleeve is smaller than the diameter of the shift fork connecting hole, and the inner diameter of the spacer sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the bolt. When shifting gears, the valve rod drives the shift fork to move axially. The screw and the spacer sleeve cooperate to form an intermediate shaft connecting the connecting rod and the shift fork, which can adjust the axial position of the shift fork and effectively prevent shifting jamming when the shift fork is unbalanced. The entire shifting device is axially slidably guided by the valve rod and the sliding shaft, so that the overall force of the device is balanced, making shifting more stable and smooth. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, as part of this utility model, are used to provide a further understanding of the present utility model. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present utility model are used to explain the present utility model, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the present utility model. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments; those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0017] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a gear shifting device according to the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the AA-AA cross-sectional structure in the middle; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the BB-BB cross-sectional structure.

[0018] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1 is the input drive shaft, 2 is the gear shift gear, 3 is the intermediate drive shaft, 4 is the first-stage driven gear, 5 is the output drive gear, 6 is the output drive shaft, 7 is the baffle, 8 is the sliding shaft, 9 is the shift fork, 10 is the output drive gear, 11 is the meshing sleeve, 12 is the gear position sensor, 13 is the shift valve, 14 is the shift valve body nut, 15 is the valve stem, 16 is the connecting rod, and 17 is the spacer sleeve.

[0019] It should be noted that these accompanying drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of the present invention to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate this utility model, but are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model.

[0021] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0022] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, this utility model provides a gear shifting device, including an input drive shaft 1, a gear shifting gear 2, an intermediate drive shaft 3, a first-stage driven gear 4, an output drive gear 5, an output drive shaft 6, a baffle 7, a sliding shaft 8, a shift fork 9, an output drive gear 10, a meshing sleeve 11, a gear position sensor 12, a shift valve 13, a shift valve body nut 14, a valve stem 15, a connecting rod 16, and a spacer sleeve 17.

[0024] The following provides a further explanation of the specific connection relationships of the above-mentioned components.

[0025] Continue to refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the internal spline of the engagement sleeve 11 engages with the external spline of the output drive shaft 6; the internal spline of the engagement sleeve 11 engages with the external spline of the output drive gear 5 or the output drive gear 10 to achieve different gear switching; the fork head of the shift fork 9 cooperates with the fork head groove of the engagement sleeve 11 to control the left and right sliding of the engagement sleeve on the output drive shaft 6; the output drive gear 10 and the output drive gear 5 are connected to the output drive shaft 6 through needle roller bearings; the output drive gear 10 engages with the gear of the intermediate drive shaft 3; the output drive gear 5 engages with the gear shift gear 2; the gear shift gear 2 and the first-stage driven gear 4 are fitted with the intermediate drive shaft 3 by interference fit; the gear of the input drive shaft 1 engages with the first-stage driven gear 4; the shift fork 9 is radially positioned by the sliding shaft 8, restricting the shift fork 9 to only slide on the sliding shaft 8. The sliding shaft 8 slides axially; the sliding shaft 8 is fixed to the housing with a baffle 7 by bolts, and the baffle 7 limits the axial movement of the sliding shaft 8; the shift fork 9 and the connecting rod 16 are connected by bolts and a spacer sleeve 17, the axial dimension of the spacer sleeve 17 is slightly larger than the size of the connection hole between the shift fork 9 and the connecting rod 16, so that the axial movement of the connection between the shift fork and the connecting rod can be freely rotated when the bolt is tightened; the connecting rod 16 and the valve stem 15 are fastened by a nut threaded into one end of the valve stem 15; the shift valve body nut 14 is installed at the end of the valve stem 15; the valve stem 15 divides the shift valve 13 into two chambers by a piston, and the axial movement of the piston is controlled by the oil pressure of the oil pipe connected to the two chambers, thereby realizing gear shifting; two gear position sensors 12 are installed near the valve stem 15 to detect the axial movement position of the valve stem 15, and thus indirectly determine the gear position.

[0026] As can be seen from the above, the shifting device provided by this utility model is positioned by a combination of valve stem, sliding shaft, bolt, and spacer sleeve. The valve stem is radially positioned by the shift valve end cover and piston. The axial movement of the piston is controlled by the pressure of the oil cylinder inside the shift valve. The piston drives the valve stem to move axially. The end of the valve stem is connected to the connecting rod. The bolt and spacer sleeve pass through the shift fork connecting hole and are fixed to the connecting rod. Since the axial dimension of the spacer sleeve is slightly larger than the axial dimension of the shift fork connecting hole, after the bolt is tightened, the bolt locks the spacer sleeve. The shift fork can rotate freely axially. The baffle plate is engaged with the end of the sliding shaft in a slot and is fixed to the gearbox body by bolts. The shift fork hole passes through the sliding shaft for radial limiting. The shift fork head is engaged with the meshing sleeve groove. The meshing sleeve spline is engaged with the gear gear spline and shaft spline for connection. The axial sliding of the shift fork drives the meshing sleeve to move axially, thereby realizing gear shifting. Because this utility model adopts the above-mentioned structure, it changes the traditional single-axis or double-axis guided shifting device to a three-axis positioning shifting device, effectively avoiding jamming caused by uneven load or stress concentration during shifting. Furthermore, the spacer sleeve connecting the connecting rod and the shift fork can adjust the circumferential direction of the shift fork in a timely manner according to the force during shifting, preventing shifting jamming caused by uneven force on the shift fork tilting. The overall structure features high safety, smooth and non-jamming shifting, and a more compact structure.

[0027] The gearbox provided by this utility model is described below. The gearbox described below can be referred to in correspondence with the shifting device described above.

[0028] The present invention provides a gearbox that may include a shifting device as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0029] The beneficial effects achieved by the gearbox provided by this utility model are consistent with the beneficial effects achieved by the shifting device provided by this utility model, so they will not be repeated here.

[0030] The following describes the engineering machinery provided by this utility model. The engineering machinery described below can be referred to in correspondence with the gearbox described above.

[0031] The engineering machinery provided by this utility model may include a gearbox as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0032] The beneficial effects achieved by the engineering machinery provided by this utility model are consistent with the beneficial effects achieved by the gearbox provided by this utility model, so they will not be repeated here.

[0033] Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it will be understood that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0034] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments described herein include certain features found in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features from different embodiments are also within the scope of protection of this invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the embodiments described above, those skilled in the art can use them in combination based on known technical solutions and the technical problems to be solved by this application.

[0035] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any way. Although the present utility model has been disclosed above with reference to a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-described technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present utility model. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model without departing from the scope of the present utility model shall still fall within the scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A gear shifting device, characterized in that, include: The transmission gear assembly includes a meshing sleeve, multiple transmission shafts, and multiple gears. The meshing sleeve moves axially and meshes with different gears to achieve different gear switching. A shift fork, mounted on a sliding shaft, has its fork head connected to the fork head groove of the engagement sleeve, and is used to push the engagement sleeve to move axially. A connecting rod, one end of which is hinged to the shift fork along its length; The actuator has a linear telescopic function and is fixedly connected to the other end of the connecting rod along its length. It is used to push the connecting rod to move axially, thereby pushing the shift fork to move axially.

2. The gear shifting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The actuator adopts a hydraulic cylinder structure, which includes a valve stem and a shift valve. One end of the valve stem is fixedly connected to the connecting rod in the longitudinal direction, and the other end of the valve stem is inserted into the shift valve and connected to the piston in the shift valve. By providing pressurized oil to the shift valve, the piston is pushed to move axially, thereby pushing the connecting rod to move axially.

3. A gear shifting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Several position sensors are installed near the valve stem to detect the axial movement of the valve stem, thereby indirectly determining the position of the transmission gear assembly.

4. A gear shifting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting rod is mounted on the valve stem and is secured by a nut that engages with the threaded connection on the valve stem.

5. A gear shifting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hinge connection between the connecting rod and the shift fork is achieved through the following connection structure: The connecting rod and the shift fork are provided with coaxial connecting holes, wherein the connecting hole of the connecting rod is a smooth hole and the connecting hole of the shift fork is a threaded hole; A spacer sleeve is fitted inside the aperture. The axial dimension of the spacer sleeve is larger than that of the aperture. After the bolt is inserted into the spacer sleeve, it is tightened into the threaded hole to connect the connecting rod and the shift fork together. The bolt and the spacer sleeve are fitted with a clearance, which allows the shift fork to rotate freely axially on the bolt.

6. A gear shifting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shift fork is mounted on the sliding shaft, so that the shift fork can only slide axially on the sliding shaft; the sliding shaft is fixed to the housing by bolts with a baffle plate, and the baffle plate limits the axial movement of the sliding shaft.

7. A gear shifting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of drive shafts includes an output drive shaft, and the plurality of gears includes an output drive gear I and an output drive gear II; The output transmission gear I and the output transmission gear II are connected to the output transmission shaft via bearings; The inner spline of the meshing sleeve meshes with the outer spline of the output drive shaft, and the inner spline of the axially moving meshing sleeve meshes with the outer spline of output drive gear I or output drive gear II, thereby realizing the switching of different gears.

8. A gear shifting device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plurality of drive shafts also include an intermediate drive shaft and an input drive shaft, and the plurality of gears also include a gear shift gear and a first-stage driven gear; The gear shift transmission gear and the first-stage driven gear are fitted with the intermediate transmission shaft by an interference fit. The output transmission gear II meshes with the gear on the intermediate transmission shaft, and the output transmission gear I meshes with the gear shift transmission gear; The gear on the input drive shaft meshes with the first-stage driven gear.

9. A gearbox, characterized in that: Includes a gear shifting device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An engineering machinery, characterized in that: It includes a shifting device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; or, it includes a gearbox as described in claim 9.

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