Modularized high-efficiency heat exchanger with different heat transfer processes for cold and heat

Abstract

The utility model discloses a modularization building block high -efficient heat exchanger of cold heat heterotaxis belongs to air conditioner heat exchanger technical field, solves in the prior art, cannot simultaneously match condensation and evaporation, leads to refrigeration heating comprehensive ability and energy efficiency to not reach the optimization of both simultaneously realizing technical problem. Modularization building block high -efficient heat exchanger of cold heat heterotaxis of the utility model, including first gas collecting pipe, second gas collecting pipe and one or more groups of detachable and assembled adjustable change road module unit, adjustable change road module unit whole is the fluid pipeline module that is equipped with first branch pipe and second branch pipe respectively in two ends, the outer end of first branch pipe is connected with first gas collecting pipe, and the outer end of second branch pipe is connected with second gas collecting pipe, through adjustable change road module unit, realize the adjustment in the unit and complete cold heat heterotaxis bidirectional structure switching: cold heat heterotaxis structure design when refrigeration in the unit, series long flow path, when heating, parallel short flow path, finally realize the three field cooperation of wind field, flow field, temperature field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of air conditioning heat exchanger technology, specifically a modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with different cooling and heating paths. Background Technology

[0002] The design of the cooling and heating flow path of the air conditioning heat exchanger achieves synergy among the three fields, giving full play to the capabilities of the cooling condenser and heating evaporator heat exchangers and the system energy efficiency. How to achieve optimal performance (variable load, variable operating conditions) for both cooling and heating and its high reliability design has always been the goal pursued by R&D in this field.

[0003] The existing air conditioning heat exchangers have the following technical problems: (1) The heat exchanger flow path design can only focus on cooling or heating, and cannot simultaneously match the optimal condensation and evaporation capabilities, resulting in a bias in cooling and heating capacity and energy efficiency. (2) The heat exchanger lacks a zone design, and the refrigerant flow rate and air velocity cannot be fully matched. (3) The traditional variable flow scheme adopts orifice plate type liquid distribution or non-capillary tube liquid distribution scheme. Changes in refrigerant flow rate will lead to a decrease in the stability and deviation of liquid distribution, and it is impossible to achieve high-efficiency design under full load and full operating conditions. (4) The traditional variable flow scheme requires multiple valves, which makes it difficult to control reliability. (5) In the traditional flow path design, the refrigerant flow direction is opposite to the air direction, and the heating agent flow direction is the same as the air direction, which is not conducive to heating heat exchange and frosting control, and it is difficult to simultaneously take into account the co-current and counter-current heat exchange of cooling and heating. (6) In the traditional design, the refrigerant after cooling and condensation needs to pass through the electronic expansion valve. Even if it is fully open, it will cause refrigerant pressure reduction and throttling, affecting the cooling energy efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0004] Addressing the shortcomings and deficiencies of existing technologies, this utility model provides a modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with heat exchanger that can be flexibly combined into modular units. This allows for a series long flow path during cooling and a parallel short flow path during heating within each unit, ultimately achieving synergy among the air field, flow field, and temperature field. This improves cooling and heating efficiency and system versatility while simplifying the structure, reducing costs, and ensuring reliability under all operating conditions.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a modular, high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics, comprising a first gas collecting pipe, a second gas collecting pipe, and one or more sets of detachable and assembleable adjustable switching module units. Each adjustable switching module unit is a fluid pipeline module with a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe at each end. The outer end of the first branch pipe is connected to the first gas collecting pipe, and the outer end of the second branch pipe is connected to the second gas collecting pipe. Through the adjustable switching module unit, the hot and cold flow bidirectional structural switching can be achieved within the unit: when refrigeration and condensation are required, the U-shaped branch pipe in the fluid pipeline module is adjusted to a series long flow path; when heating and evaporation are required, the U-shaped branch pipe in the fluid pipeline module is adjusted to a parallel short flow path.

[0006] Preferably, the adjustable switching module unit is a module that can be assembled and disassembled in a modular fashion along the vertical direction, and different adjustable switching module units are connected in parallel. Specifically, it includes a first U-shaped bronchus and a second U-shaped bronchus arranged vertically on the windward side, a third U-shaped bronchus and a fourth U-shaped bronchus arranged vertically on the leeward side, and the lower end outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus is higher than the upper end outlet of the third U-shaped bronchus, the upper end outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus is higher than the upper end outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus, and the lower end outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus is higher than the upper end outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus. The lower outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus is connected to the upper outlet of the third U-shaped bronchus by an elbow. The lower outlet of the third U-shaped bronchus is connected to the upper outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus by a Y-shaped tee. The lower outlet of the third U-shaped bronchus is connected to the first branch pipe at the top of the Y-shaped tee. The upper outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus is connected to the second branch pipe of the Y-shaped tee. The main pipe of the Y-shaped tee is connected to one end of the liquid-distributing capillary on the leeward side. The other end of the liquid-distributing capillary is connected to the liquid-side main pipe with an electronic expansion valve. The lower outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus is connected to the upper outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus via a jumper tube.

[0007] Preferably, the number of U-shaped vents on the windward side and the number of U-shaped vents on the leeward side can be changed to an even number combination, an odd number combination, or an odd-even combination, depending on the design requirements of the heat exchanger structure and heat exchange performance; for example, 1U+1U combination, 2U+2U combination, 3U+3U combination, 4U+4U combination, 5U+5U combination; or 1U+2U combination, 2U+3U combination, 3U+4U combination.

[0008] Preferably, the main port of the second gas collecting pipe is located on the same side as the main port of the first gas collecting pipe, and the two are connected by a third branch pipe with a first gas-side one-way valve. The first gas-side one-way valve restricts the fluid in the second gas collecting pipe to flow directly from the main outlet end of the second gas collecting pipe to the third branch pipe, and prevents it from flowing directly from the third branch pipe into the second gas collecting pipe. On the third branch gas pipeline located at the front end of the first gas-side check valve, a fourth fluid pipeline is also connected to the liquid-side main pipe via the second gas-side tee. The fourth fluid pipeline is equipped with a second liquid-side check valve that limits the fluid direction to flow only from the third branch gas pipeline to the liquid-side main pipe. The liquid-side main pipe is connected to the fourth fluid pipeline via a liquid-side tee, which is located below the electronic expansion valve.

[0009] Preferably, when the heat exchanger comprises multiple sets of adjustable switching module units assembled vertically, the liquid distribution capillary connected to each set of adjustable switching module units is connected to a distributor, which in turn is connected to the liquid-side main pipe equipped with an electronic expansion valve.

[0010] Preferably, when cooling, the specific adjustment steps are as follows: Adjust the U-shaped bronchus inside the adjustable switching module unit into a series long flow path. The electronic expansion valve on the liquid-side main pipe is in the closed state. The main pipe of the Y-type tee is closed to the liquid distribution capillary. The first branch pipe and the second branch pipe on the Y-type tee are connected. The refrigerant fluid enters from the upper outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus, flows through the elbow, the third U-shaped bronchus, the first branch pipe of the Y-type tee to the second branch pipe, the fourth U-shaped bronchus, and finally through the jumper pipe, and flows out from the lower outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus.

[0011] Preferably, when heating and evaporating, the U-shaped bronchus inside the adjustable switching module unit is adjusted into a parallel short flow path. The specific adjustment steps are as follows: The electronic expansion valve on the liquid-side main pipe is in the open position, and the connection between the main pipe of the Y-type tee and the distributing capillary is also open. The refrigerant fluid enters the main pipe of the Y-type tee from the distributing capillary of the distributor and then splits into two, flowing out of the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe respectively to the first U-shaped bronchus and the second U-shaped bronchus: one of them flows out from the first branch pipe of the Y-type tee sequentially through the third U-shaped bronchus, the elbow, and the upper outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus; the other flows out from the second branch pipe of the Y-type tee sequentially through the fourth U-shaped bronchus, the jumper pipe, and the lower outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus.

[0012] Preferably, the heat exchanger can be any one of a double-row heat exchanger, a triple-row heat exchanger, or a quadruple-row heat exchanger.

[0013] Preferably, the main refrigerant gas pipe is connected to the third branch gas pipe located at the rear end of the first gas side check valve via a first gas side tee.

[0014] The usage method of the modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics includes the following steps: When cooling, the electronic expansion valve is fully closed, and the distributor and dispensing capillary are shut off. The high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant from the compressor exhaust side is split into two after passing through the main refrigerant inlet and the gas-side tee. One of these routes—the third branch—has its first gas-side check valve closed due to pressure differential. Therefore, the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant can only flow through the gas-side tee to the first gas collector and then to the adjustable switching module unit. The refrigerant that passes through the condenser outlet inside the heat exchanger is a subcooled, high-pressure, medium-temperature refrigerant, which then merges with the second gas collector via the second branch. Due to the pressure difference, the refrigerant can only flow through the circuit where the liquid-side check valve is located, that is, through the fourth fluid line, the liquid-side port of the liquid-side main pipe to the indoor unit.

[0015] The usage method of the modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics includes the following steps: When heating, the electronic expansion valve is in the open state, and the distributor and the dispensing capillary are in the connected state; After the high-pressure medium-temperature refrigerant from the indoor unit condenses, it enters through the liquid-side port of the liquid-side main pipe of the heat exchanger and is split into two by the liquid-side tee. One of the paths—the short-circuit circuit where the liquid-side check valve is located on the fourth fluid pipeline—is closed and not conductive, so the refrigerant can only flow through the liquid-side main pipe circuit where the electronic expansion valve is located. After the electronic expansion valve reduces pressure by a small opening, the refrigerant becomes low-pressure, low-temperature refrigerant. Then, through the coupling effect of the distributor and the liquid distribution capillary, the refrigerant volume is distributed as needed within each adjustable switching module unit. Entering each adjustable switching module unit, each liquid-distributing capillary is divided into two by a Y-type tee. In the internal flow path of the heat exchanger, the low-pressure superheated refrigerant at the outlet of each adjustable switching module unit flows through the corresponding first and second gas collecting pipes. At this time, the first one-way valve is open, and the two gas collecting pipes merge the refrigerant after convergence through the gas-side tee to the main refrigerant gas-side main pipe of the heat exchanger, returning to the gas-liquid separator-compressor suction.

[0016] Preferably, when a three-row heat exchanger structure is adopted, the adjustable switching module unit is a fluid pipeline with a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe at both ends, and the number of U-shaped branches on the windward side, the number of U-shaped branches on the leeward side, and the number of U-shaped branches in the middle are 2U+2U+2U respectively. The adjustable switching module unit specifically includes a first U-shaped bronchus and a second U-shaped bronchus arranged vertically on the windward side, a third U-shaped bronchus and a fourth U-shaped bronchus arranged vertically on the leeward side, and a fifth U-shaped bronchus and a sixth U-shaped bronchus in the middle. The upper outlet height of the fifth U-shaped bronchus is higher than that of the first U-shaped bronchus and the third U-shaped bronchus; the lower outlet height of the sixth U-shaped bronchus is higher than that of the second U-shaped bronchus and the fourth U-shaped bronchus. The lower end of the first U-shaped bronchus is connected to the first branch, and the lower end of the second U-shaped bronchus is connected to the second branch. The upper outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus is connected to the lower outlet of the fifth U-shaped bronchus by an elbow; the upper outlet of the fifth U-shaped bronchus is connected to the upper outlet of the third U-shaped bronchus by an elbow; the lower outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus is connected to the lower outlet of the sixth U-shaped bronchus by an elbow; and the upper outlet of the sixth U-shaped bronchus is also connected to the upper outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus by an elbow.

[0017] This invention provides a modular, high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics. It offers the following advantages: This utility model discloses a modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics. By disassembling the heat exchanger into modular units that can be flexibly combined, it realizes a hot and cold flow structure design with a long flow path in series during cooling and a short flow path in parallel during heating. Ultimately, it achieves synergy among the air field, flow field, and temperature field, which improves the energy efficiency of cooling and heating and the versatility of the system, while simplifying the structure, reducing costs, and ensuring reliability under all operating conditions.

[0018] (1) The heat exchanger is designed to be split, so that the cooling and heating processes in each module are different. This achieves a bidirectional design with a long cooling condensation flow path and a short heating evaporation flow path in the module, which fully utilizes the heat exchanger's capabilities and improves the overall energy efficiency.

[0019] (3) The cold and hot flow and modular heat exchanger are designed to be disassembled like building blocks. The capillary liquid separation scheme can still be adopted. The inlet adopts a one-to-two design. The same number of flow separations can achieve half the number of capillary tubes. Capillary liquid separation can ensure the liquid separation stability and the best energy efficiency of the heat exchanger under different heating loads and different working conditions.

[0020] (3) The heat exchanger is divided into multiple units, and each unit realizes the hot and cold transfer. The entire system only uses two one-way valves to realize the hot and cold transfer of the heat exchanger. Moreover, the number of heat exchanger rows and the height are increased. This scheme has strong versatility.

[0021] (4) The hot and cold flow of the heat exchanger unit realizes full coordination between the air field and the heat exchanger. Moreover, the flow path design in each heat exchanger unit can be differentiated according to the air field, frost formation, etc., and the hot and cold flow in each unit achieves coordinated heat exchange in three fields.

[0022] (5) The refrigerant flow path of the heat exchanger in the zone is opposite to the direction of airflow for cooling and heating, realizing a dual counter-flow design for cooling and heating, improving the heat exchange efficiency for heating. Since the refrigerant outlet for heating is in On the windward side, the outlet refrigerant temperature is high, which helps to delay or even prevent frost formation, thus improving the heating effect.

[0023] (6) By using valve assembly, the refrigerant after refrigeration and condensation does not need to pass through the electronic expansion valve and can be directly short-circuited, without any additional pressure reduction and throttling loss, thus achieving ultra-low pressure loss and improving system energy efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with cold and hot flow in Example 5 (bottom air intake scheme, according to the refrigeration flow direction, high temperature and high pressure gaseous refrigerant); Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable switching module unit structure in the modular design of the double-row heat exchanger in Example 2; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the cooling process within each adjustable switching module unit when using a double-row heat exchanger structure. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the heating process within each adjustable switching module unit when using a double-row heat exchanger structure. Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the refrigerant used in the entire heat exchanger system during heating mode. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the cooling process inside each adjustable switching module unit when a three-row heat exchanger structure is used in Example 7. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the heating process within each adjustable switching module unit when a three-row heat exchanger structure is used in Example 7.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. First gas-side tee, 2. First gas-side check valve, 3. First gas manifold, 4. Second gas manifold, 5. Second liquid-side check valve, 6. Electronic expansion valve, 7. Distributor, 8. Liquid distribution capillary tube, 9. Y-type tee, 10. Main refrigerant gas-side main pipe, 11. Liquid-side main pipe, 12. Adjustable switching module unit, 1201. First branch pipe, 1202. Elbow, 1203. Jumper pipe, 1204. Second branch pipe, 13. First U-shaped branch pipe, 14. Second U-shaped branch pipe, 15. Third U-shaped branch pipe, 16. Fourth U-shaped branch pipe, 17. Third branch pipe, 18. Fourth fluid pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.

[0027] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances. Example 1

[0028] Please see Figure 1-4 This utility model provides a technical solution: The modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics provided by this utility model includes a first gas collecting pipe 3, a second gas collecting pipe 4, and one or more sets of detachable and assembleable adjustable switching module units 12. The adjustable switching module unit 12 is a fluid pipeline module with a first branch pipe 1201 and a second branch pipe 1204 at both ends. The outer end of the first branch pipe 1201 is connected to the first gas collecting pipe 3, and the outer end of the second branch pipe 1204 is connected to the second gas collecting pipe 4. Through the adjustable switching module unit 12, the hot and cold flow bidirectional structure switching can be completed within the unit: when refrigeration and condensation are required, the U-shaped branch pipe in the fluid pipeline module is adjusted into a series long flow path; when heating and evaporation are required, the U-shaped branch pipe in the fluid pipeline module is adjusted into a parallel short flow path.

[0029] The adjustable switching module unit 12 specifically includes a first U-shaped bronchus 13 and a second U-shaped bronchus 14 arranged vertically on the windward side, a third U-shaped bronchus 15 and a fourth U-shaped bronchus 16 arranged vertically on the leeward side, and the lower outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus 13 is higher than the upper outlet of the third U-shaped bronchus 15, the upper outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus 14 is higher than the upper outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus 16, and the lower outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus 14 is higher than the upper outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus 16. The lower outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus 13 is connected to the upper outlet of the third U-shaped bronchus 15 via an elbow 1202. The lower outlet of the third U-shaped bronchus 15 is connected to the upper outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus 16 via a Y-shaped tee 9. The lower outlet of the third U-shaped bronchus 15 is connected to the first branch pipe at the top of the Y-shaped tee 9. The upper outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus 16 is connected to the second branch pipe of the Y-shaped tee 9. The main pipe of the Y-shaped tee 9 is connected to one end of the liquid-distributing capillary 8 on the leeward side, and the other end of the liquid-distributing capillary 8 is connected to the liquid-side main pipe 11 equipped with an electronic expansion valve 6. The lower outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus 16 is connected to the upper outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus 14 via a jumper 1203.

[0030] The main port of the second gas collecting pipe 4 is located on the same side as the main port of the first gas collecting pipe 3, and the two are connected by a third branch pipe 17 with a first gas-side one-way valve 2. The first gas-side one-way valve 2 restricts the fluid in the second gas collecting pipe 4 to flow directly from the main outlet end of the second gas collecting pipe 4 to the third branch pipe 17, and prevents it from flowing directly from the third branch pipe 17 into the second gas collecting pipe 4.

[0031] A fourth fluid line 18, connected to the liquid-side main pipe 11, is also provided on the third branch gas line 17, which is located at the front end of the first gas-side check valve 2, and is connected to the liquid-side main pipe 11 via a second gas-side tee. The fourth fluid line 18 is provided with a second liquid-side check valve 5, which restricts the flow of fluid only from the third branch gas line 17 to the liquid-side main pipe 11. The liquid-side main pipe 11 and the fourth fluid line 18 are connected via a liquid-side tee, which is located below the electronic expansion valve 6.

[0032] The main refrigerant gas pipe 10 is connected to the third branch gas pipe 17 located at the rear end of the first gas side check valve 2 via the first gas side tee 1.

[0033] When cooling, the specific adjustment steps are as follows: Adjust the U-shaped bronchus inside the adjustable switching module unit 12 into a series long flow path. The electronic expansion valve 6 on the liquid side main pipe 11 is in the closed state. The main pipe of the Y-type tee 9 and the liquid distribution capillary tube 8 are in the closed state. The first branch pipe and the second branch pipe on the Y-type tee 9 are connected. The refrigerant fluid enters from the upper outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus 13, flows through the elbow 1202, the third U-shaped bronchus 15, the first branch pipe of the Y-type tee 9 to the second branch pipe, the fourth U-shaped bronchus 16, and finally through the jumper pipe 1203, and flows out from the lower outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus 14.

[0034] When heating and evaporating, adjust the U-shaped bronchus inside the adjustable switching module unit 12 into a parallel short flow path. The specific adjustment steps are as follows: The electronic expansion valve 6 on the liquid-side main pipe 11 is in the open state, and the main pipe of the Y-type tee 9 and the liquid distribution capillary tube 8 are in the open state. The refrigerant fluid enters the main pipe of the Y-type tee 9 from the liquid distribution capillary tube 8 of the distributor 7 and then splits into two, flowing out from the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe to the first U-shaped bronchus 13 and the second U-shaped bronchus 14 respectively: one of them flows out from the first branch pipe of the Y-type tee 9 through the third U-shaped bronchus 15, the elbow 1202, and the upper outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus 13 in sequence; the other flows out from the second branch pipe of the Y-type tee 9 through the fourth U-shaped bronchus 16, the jumper 1203, and the lower outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus 14 in sequence.

[0035] The above are merely embodiments of this utility model. For example, the heat exchanger can be any of a double-row heat exchanger, a triple-row heat exchanger, or a quadruple-row heat exchanger, all of which can realize the modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with cold and hot flow of this utility model. Example 2

[0036] like Figure 3 As shown, the modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics of this utility model includes multiple sets of detachable and assembleable adjustable switching module units 12 assembled in parallel. The adjustable switching module unit 12 is a fluid pipeline with a first branch pipe 1201 and a second branch pipe 1204 at both ends. The number of U-shaped branch pipes on the windward side and the number of U-shaped branch pipes on the leeward side can be changed to an even number combination, an odd number combination, or an odd-even combination according to the design requirements of the heat exchanger structure and heat exchange performance.

[0037] For example: Figure 3 The adjustable switching module unit 12 in A is a 3U+2U combined module. During cooling, it is connected in series with the 2U modules, and the total length of this single module for cooling is 5U. During heating, it is split into two, with 3U and 2U connected in parallel, to achieve a low-resistance and low-pressure-drop design for heating and evaporation.

[0038] Figure 3 The adjustable switching module unit 12 of B is a 2U+2U combined module. When cooling, it is connected in series as 2U+2U, with a total length of 4U for a single module in cooling mode. When heating, it is split into two, with 2U and 2U connected in parallel, to achieve a low-resistance and low-pressure-drop design for heating and evaporation.

[0039] Figure 3 The adjustable switching module unit 12 of C is a 2U+3U combined module. When cooling, it is connected in series with the 2U+3U modules, and the total length of a single module for cooling is 5U. When heating, it is split into two, with 2U and 3U connected in parallel, to achieve a low-resistance and low-pressure-drop design for heating and evaporation.

[0040] This design is applicable to both side-discharge and top-discharge fan types. Each unit can be adapted to different airflow patterns, accommodating both uniform and non-uniform wind speeds. Furthermore, there are no restrictions on the height of the heat exchanger; the number of modular units is determined by the number of holes along the height of the heat exchanger. This design offers strong versatility. Regardless of the size of the heat exchanger structure, the entire system can utilize a capillary separation technology with high stability, and this design requires only two one-way valves.

[0041] The above are merely embodiments of this utility model. For example, the circuit design in the adjustable switching module unit 12 can be modified to a 1U+1U combination, a 2U+2U combination, a 3U+3U combination, a 4U+4U combination, a 5U+5U combination, etc., according to the heat exchanger design requirements. The combination method is determined based on the comprehensive cooling and heating performance. Moreover, different combination methods can be superimposed and combined in the heat exchanger design according to the uniformity of the air field. A 1U+2U combination, a 2U+3U combination, a 3U+4U combination, etc., can also be achieved. Even-numbered and odd-numbered combinations are determined based on the structure and heat exchange performance. Three-row and four-row heat exchangers are still applicable, and all can realize the modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with cold and hot flow characteristics of this utility model. Example 3

[0042] like Figures 1-6 As shown, Figure 1 The dual-row heat exchanger adopts the adjustable switching module unit 12 of Embodiment 1 as a cold and hot differential modular heat exchanger. The adjustable switching module unit 12 is a module that can be assembled and disassembled in a modular manner along the vertical height direction, and different adjustable switching module units 12 are connected in parallel.

[0043] When the heat exchanger comprises multiple sets of adjustable switching module units 12 assembled vertically, each set of adjustable switching module units 12 is connected to a liquid distribution capillary tube 8 and a distributor 7, which is connected to the liquid side main pipe 11 with an electronic expansion valve 6. Example 4

[0044] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, when using a modular, high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics for refrigeration and condensation, the specific adjustment steps include the following: The top-intake design uses high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, following the refrigeration flow direction.

[0045] When cooling, the electronic expansion valve 6 is in a fully closed state, and the distributor 7 and the liquid distribution capillary tube 8 are in a cut-off state. like Figure 4 The arrows indicate the refrigerant flow direction during refrigeration. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant from the compressor discharge side passes through the main refrigerant gas-side main pipe 10 (i.e., the main refrigerant inlet according to the definition of refrigeration flow direction), and then splits into two after passing through the gas-side tee. One of the two paths—the first gas-side check valve 2 on the third branch gas pipe 17—closes its valve core under the action of pressure difference. Therefore, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant can only flow through the gas-side tee to the first inlet gas collection pipe 3 (according to the definition of refrigeration flow direction) and to the adjustable switching module unit 12. After passing through the condenser outlet inside the heat exchanger, the refrigerant is a high-pressure medium-temperature refrigerant with supercooled properties. It then merges with the second outlet gas collection pipe 4 (according to the definition of refrigeration flow direction) through the second branch pipe 1204. Due to the pressure difference, the refrigerant can only flow through the loop where the liquid-side check valve 5 is located, that is, through the liquid-side port of the fourth fluid line 18 and the liquid-side main line 11 (i.e., the total refrigerant outlet according to the refrigeration flow direction definition) to the indoor unit. This achieves a 2U+2U flow path design for refrigeration, with a single loop achieving a flow length of 4U.

[0046] The entire refrigeration cycle does not pass through the pressure reduction and throttling of the electronic expansion valve 6. Utilizing the valve assembly, the refrigerant after refrigeration and condensation does not need to pass through the electronic expansion valve 6; it is directly short-circuited and conducted without any additional pressure reduction or throttling losses, achieving ultra-low pressure loss and improving system energy efficiency.

[0047] The above are merely embodiments of this utility model. For example, the specific type of the distributor 7 is not limited, and all of them can achieve the cooling effect of the modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with cold and hot flow of this utility model. Example 5

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, the modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow in this embodiment has the same structure and advantages as that in Embodiment 4, which will not be repeated here. The difference is that it adopts a bottom air intake scheme, using high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant according to the refrigeration flow direction. When using the modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow for refrigeration and condensation, the specific adjustment methods and steps are the same as in Embodiment 3. The bottom air intake scheme is mainly used for structural constraints and its efficient defrosting scheme. The system's circulating refrigeration principle is the same as in Embodiment 3. Example 6

[0049] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, when using a modular, high-efficiency heat exchanger with dual-row heat exchangers for heating, the specific adjustment steps include the following: When heating, the electronic expansion valve 6 is in the open state, and the distributor 7 and the liquid dispensing capillary 8 are in the connected state. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The heating refrigerant flow direction marked in the figure is as follows: the high-pressure medium-temperature refrigerant after condensation in the indoor unit enters through the liquid-side port of the liquid-side main pipe 11 of the heat exchanger, and is split into two by the liquid-side tee. One of the paths—the short-circuit circuit where the liquid-side check valve 5 is located on the fourth fluid pipeline 18—is closed and not conducting, so the refrigerant can only flow through the liquid-side main pipe 11 circuit where the electronic expansion valve 6 is located. After the electronic expansion valve 6 reduces pressure by a small opening, the refrigerant becomes low-pressure and low-temperature refrigerant. Then, through the coupling effect of the distributor 7 and the liquid distribution capillary tube 8, the liquid volume is distributed as needed within each adjustable switching module unit 12. Entering each adjustable switching module unit 12, the low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant is divided into two by each liquid-distributing capillary tube 8 through the Y-type tee 9. In the internal flow path of the heating and heat exchange, the low-pressure superheated refrigerant at the outlet of each adjustable switching module unit 12 flows through the corresponding first gas collecting pipe 3 and second gas collecting pipe 4. At this time, the first gas-side one-way valve 2 is open, and the refrigerant after the two gas collecting pipes converges is merged into the main refrigerant gas-side main pipe 10 of the heat exchanger through the first gas-side tee, and returns to the gas-liquid separator-compressor suction.

[0050] Each refrigerant flow path is 2U in length, achieving ultra-low resistance and pressure drop in the heating process. Simultaneously, this flow path places the refrigerant inlet on the leeward side and the outlet on the windward side. The higher air temperature on the windward side allows for higher superheat at the refrigerant outlet, which helps delay frosting and improves low-temperature heating performance. Furthermore, the use of a Y-shaped tee design reduces the number of dispensing capillary tubes by 50% while maintaining the same refrigerant flow path.

[0051] The capillary dispensing method used in this invention can achieve stable dispensing under different operating conditions, loads, and refrigerant flow rates. Unlike orifice plate dispensing and other non-capillary dispensing methods, which require specific refrigerant flow rates and whose variations can cause extreme unevenness in dispensing, this method utilizes a Y-shaped tee 9 to divide each dispensing capillary 8 into two. This design provides a feasible solution for capillary dispensing, and any dispensing method other than capillary dispensing is also within the scope of this patent protection. Example 7

[0052] like Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that a three-row heat exchanger structure is adopted. The adjustable switching module unit 12 is a fluid pipeline with a first branch pipe 1201 and a second branch pipe 1204 at both ends. The number of U-shaped branches on the windward side, the number of U-shaped branches on the leeward side, and the number of U-shaped branches in the middle are 2U+2U+2U respectively.

[0053] The modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics provided by this utility model includes a first gas collecting pipe 3, a second gas collecting pipe 4, and one or more sets of detachable and assembleable adjustable switching module units 12. The adjustable switching module unit 12 is a fluid pipeline module with a first branch pipe 1201 and a second branch pipe 1204 at both ends. The outer end of the first branch pipe 1201 is connected to the first gas collecting pipe 3, and the outer end of the second branch pipe 1204 is connected to the second gas collecting pipe 4. Through the adjustable switching module unit 12, the hot and cold flow bidirectional structure switching can be completed within the unit: when refrigeration and condensation are required, the U-shaped branch pipe in the fluid pipeline module is adjusted into a series long flow path; when heating and evaporation are required, the U-shaped branch pipe in the fluid pipeline module is adjusted into a parallel short flow path.

[0054] The adjustable switching module unit 12 specifically includes a first U-shaped bronchus 13 and a second U-shaped bronchus 14 arranged vertically on the windward side, a third U-shaped bronchus 15 and a fourth U-shaped bronchus 16 arranged vertically on the leeward side, and a fifth U-shaped bronchus and a sixth U-shaped bronchus in the middle. The upper outlet height of the fifth U-shaped bronchus is higher than the upper outlet height of the first U-shaped bronchus 13 and the third U-shaped bronchus 15; the lower outlet height of the sixth U-shaped bronchus is higher than the lower outlet height of the second U-shaped bronchus 14 and the fourth U-shaped bronchus 16.

[0055] The lower end outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus 13 is connected to the first branch 1201, and the lower end outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus 14 is connected to the second branch 1204.

[0056] The upper outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus 13 is connected to the lower outlet of the fifth U-shaped bronchus via a bend 1202; the upper outlet of the fifth U-shaped bronchus is connected to the upper outlet of the third U-shaped bronchus 15 via a bend 1202; the lower outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus 16 is connected to the lower outlet of the sixth U-shaped bronchus via a bend 1202; and the upper outlet of the sixth U-shaped bronchus is also connected to the upper outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus 14 via a bend 1202.

[0057] When cooling, such as Figure 7 As shown, the specific adjustment steps are as follows: The U-shaped bronchus inside the adjustable switching module unit 12 is adjusted into a series long flow path. The electronic expansion valve 6 on the liquid-side main pipe 11 is in the closed state. The main pipe of the Y-type tee 9 and the liquid-distributing capillary tube 8 are in the closed state. The first branch pipe and the second branch pipe on the Y-type tee 9 are connected. The refrigerant fluid enters from the upper outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus 13, enters the fifth U-shaped bronchus through the elbow 1202, the third U-shaped bronchus 15, the first branch pipe of the Y-type tee 9 flows to the second branch pipe, the fourth U-shaped bronchus 16, enters the sixth U-shaped bronchus through the elbow 1202, enters the second U-shaped bronchus 14 through the elbow 1202, and finally flows out from the lower outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus 14 into the second branch pipe 1204.

[0058] When heating and evaporating, such as Figure 8 As shown, the U-shaped bronchus inside the adjustable switching module unit 12 is adjusted into a parallel short flow path. The specific adjustment steps are as follows: The refrigerant fluid enters the main pipeline of the Y-type tee 9 from the distributor capillary tube 8 of the distributor 7 and then splits into two. The two branches flow out of the first U-shaped bronchus 13 and the second U-shaped bronchus 14 respectively. One branch flows from the first branch of the Y-type tee 9 through the third U-shaped bronchus 15, through the elbow 1202 into the fifth U-shaped bronchus, through the elbow 1202 into the first U-shaped bronchus 13, and out of the lower outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus 13. The other branch flows from the second branch of the Y-type tee 9 into the fourth U-shaped bronchus 16, through the elbow 1202 into the sixth U-shaped bronchus, through the elbow 1202 into the second U-shaped bronchus 14, and out of the lower outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus 14.

[0059] The above are merely embodiments of this utility model. For example, the heat exchanger can be any of a double-row heat exchanger, a triple-row heat exchanger, or a quadruple-row heat exchanger, all of which can realize the modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with cold and hot flow of this utility model.

[0060] In summary, this utility model's modular high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics and its usage method adopts a novel design concept for hot and cold flow heat exchangers. It can be designed according to actual needs, employing a modular, stacked heat exchanger design with strong versatility. By disassembling the heat exchanger into flexibly combinable modular units, a hot and cold flow structure design is achieved within each unit, with a long series flow path for cooling (adapting to condensation requirements) and a short parallel flow path for heating (adapting to evaporation requirements). Simultaneously, a simplified system control using dual one-way valves, combined with a Y-type three-way valve 9, halves the number of distributing capillary tubes 8 while maintaining their distributing stability. This achieves zero throttling loss when the electronic expansion valve 6 is shorted during cooling, and the refrigerant outlet is placed on the windward side during heating to delay frosting. Ultimately, it achieves synergy among the airflow, flow, and temperature fields, improving cooling and heating efficiency and system versatility while simplifying the structure, reducing costs, and ensuring reliability under all operating conditions.

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model, based on the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present utility model, should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A modular, high-efficiency heat exchanger with varying hot and cold flow characteristics, characterized in that: It includes a first gas collecting pipe (3), a second gas collecting pipe (4), and one or more sets of detachable and assembleable adjustable switching module units (12). The adjustable switching module unit (12) is a fluid pipeline module with a first branch pipe (1201) and a second branch pipe (1204) at both ends. The outer end of the first branch pipe (1201) is connected to the first gas collecting pipe (3), and the outer end of the second branch pipe (1204) is connected to the second gas collecting pipe (4). Through the adjustable switching module unit (12), the switching of the cold and hot bidirectional structure can be completed within the unit: when refrigeration and condensation are required, the U-shaped branch pipe in the fluid pipeline module is adjusted into a series long flow path; when heating and evaporation are required, the U-shaped branch pipe in the fluid pipeline module is adjusted into a parallel short flow path.

2. The modular, high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable switching module unit (12) is a module that can be assembled and disassembled in a modular fashion along the vertical direction, and different adjustable switching module units (12) are connected in parallel. Specifically, it includes a first U-shaped bronchus (13) and a second U-shaped bronchus (14) arranged vertically on the windward side, a third U-shaped bronchus (15) and a fourth U-shaped bronchus (16) arranged vertically on the leeward side, and the lower end outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus (13) is higher than the upper end outlet of the third U-shaped bronchus (15), the upper end outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus (14) is higher than the upper end outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus (16), and the lower end outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus (14) is higher than the upper end outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus (16). The lower outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus (13) is connected to the upper outlet of the third U-shaped bronchus (15) by an elbow (1202). The lower outlet of the third U-shaped bronchus (15) is connected to the upper outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus (16) by a Y-shaped tee (9). The lower outlet of the third U-shaped bronchus (15) is connected to the first branch pipe at the upper part of the Y-shaped tee (9). The upper outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus (16) is connected to the second branch pipe of the Y-shaped tee (9). The main pipe of the Y-shaped tee (9) is connected to one end of the liquid-distributing capillary (8) on the leeward side. The other end of the liquid-distributing capillary (8) is connected to the liquid-side main pipe (11) with an electronic expansion valve (6). The lower outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus (16) is connected to the upper outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus (14) via a jumper pipe (1203).

3. A modular, high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of U-shaped bronchial tubes on the windward side and the number of U-shaped bronchial tubes on the leeward side can be changed to an even number combination, an odd number combination, or an odd-even combination, depending on the design requirements of the heat exchanger structure and heat exchange performance.

4. A modular, high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main port of the second gas collecting pipe (4) is located on the same side as the main port of the first gas collecting pipe (3), and the two are connected by a third branch pipe (17) with a first gas-side one-way valve (2). The first gas-side one-way valve (2) restricts the fluid in the second gas collecting pipe (4) to flow directly from the main outlet end of the second gas collecting pipe (4) to the third branch pipe (17), and cannot flow directly from the third branch pipe (17) into the second gas collecting pipe (4). A fourth fluid pipeline (18) is connected to the liquid main pipe (11) via a second gas side tee and located on the third branch gas pipeline (17) at the front end of the first gas side check valve (2). The fourth fluid pipeline (18) is equipped with a second liquid side check valve (5) that limits the fluid direction to flow only from the third branch gas pipeline (17) to the liquid main pipe (11). The liquid-side main pipe (11) is connected to the fourth fluid pipeline (18) via a liquid-side tee, and the liquid-side tee is located below the electronic expansion valve (6).

5. A modular, high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the heat exchanger comprises multiple sets of adjustable switching module units (12) assembled vertically, each set of adjustable switching module units (12) is connected to a liquid-distributing capillary tube (8) connected to a distributor (7), which is connected to a liquid-side main pipe (11) with an electronic expansion valve (6) through the distributor (7).

6. A modular, high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics according to claim 4, characterized in that, When cooling, the specific adjustment steps are as follows: Adjust the U-shaped bronchus inside the adjustable switching module unit (12) into a series long flow path. The electronic expansion valve (6) on the liquid side main pipe (11) is in the closed state. The main pipe of the Y-type tee (9) and the liquid distribution capillary (8) are in the closed state. The first branch pipe and the second branch pipe on the Y-type tee (9) are connected. The refrigerant fluid enters from the upper outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus (13), flows through the elbow (1202), the third U-shaped bronchus (15), the first branch pipe of the Y-type tee (9) to the second branch pipe, the fourth U-shaped bronchus (16), and finally through the jumper pipe (1203) and flows out from the lower outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus (14).

7. A modular, high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics according to claim 4, characterized in that, When heating and evaporating, the U-shaped bronchus inside the adjustable switching module unit (12) is adjusted into a parallel short flow path. The specific adjustment steps are as follows: The electronic expansion valve (6) on the liquid side main pipe (11) is in the open state, and the main pipe of the Y-type tee (9) and the liquid distribution capillary (8) are in the open state. The refrigerant fluid enters the main pipe of the Y-type tee (9) from the liquid distribution capillary (8) of the distributor (7) and then splits into two, flowing out from the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe to the first U-shaped bronchus (13) and the second U-shaped bronchus (14) respectively: one of them flows out from the first branch pipe of the Y-type tee (9) in sequence through the third U-shaped bronchus (15), the elbow (1202), and the upper outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus (13); the other flows out from the second branch pipe of the Y-type tee (9) in sequence through the fourth U-shaped bronchus (16), the jump pipe (1203), and the lower outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus (14).

8. A modular, high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchanger can be any one of a double-row heat exchanger, a triple-row heat exchanger, or a quadruple-row heat exchanger.

9. A modular, high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics according to claim 4, characterized in that, The main refrigerant gas pipe (10) is connected to the third branch gas pipe (17) located at the rear end of the first gas side check valve (2) via the first gas side tee (1).

10. A modular, high-efficiency heat exchanger with hot and cold flow characteristics according to claim 8, characterized in that, When a three-row heat exchanger structure is adopted, the adjustable switching module unit (12) is a fluid pipeline with a first branch pipe (1201) and a second branch pipe (1204) at both ends respectively. The number of U-shaped branches on the windward side, the number of U-shaped branches on the leeward side and the number of U-shaped branches in the middle are 2U+2U+2U respectively. The adjustable switching module unit (12) specifically includes a first U-shaped bronchus (13) and a second U-shaped bronchus (14) arranged vertically on the windward side, a third U-shaped bronchus (15) and a fourth U-shaped bronchus (16) arranged vertically on the leeward side, and a fifth U-shaped bronchus and a sixth U-shaped bronchus in the middle. The upper outlet height of the fifth U-shaped bronchus is higher than the upper outlet height of the first U-shaped bronchus (13) and the third U-shaped bronchus (15); the lower outlet height of the sixth U-shaped bronchus is higher than the lower outlet height of the second U-shaped bronchus (14) and the fourth U-shaped bronchus (16). The lower end outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus (13) is connected to the first branch (1201), and the lower end outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus (14) is connected to the second branch (1204). The upper outlet of the first U-shaped bronchus (13) is connected to the lower outlet of the fifth U-shaped bronchus by a bend (1202); the upper outlet of the fifth U-shaped bronchus is connected to the upper outlet of the third U-shaped bronchus (15) by a bend (1202); the lower outlet of the fourth U-shaped bronchus (16) is connected to the lower outlet of the sixth U-shaped bronchus by a bend (1202); and the upper outlet of the sixth U-shaped bronchus is also connected to the upper outlet of the second U-shaped bronchus (14) by a bend (1202).

Images