A safe blasting charge structure for open pit mine adjacent to goaf

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of open pit mine adjacent goaf safety blasting charge structure, to reduce the influence of blasting impact generated by open pit blasting to underground goaf.The charge structure is close to goaf in the blast hole of charge and is set to the side hole wall Vibration-damping buffer structure, and the other side hole wall away from goaf is set to energy-gathering cover, and energy-gathering direction is towards the direction away from goaf, the vibration-damping buffer structure and energy-gathering cover are extended and arranged along blast hole charge direction, and the space between vibration-damping buffer structure and energy-gathering cover is filled with explosive to form charge section.The utility model is through the cooperation of vibration-damping buffer structure and energy-gathering cover, directional release blasting energy in open pit blasting process, effectively suppresses the blasting impact energy transferred to underground goaf, realizes the double promotion of blasting efficiency and safety under goaf condition, solves the safety technical problem of mining under the complex goaf condition of open pit, and provides guarantee for improving mine production capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a safe blasting charge structure for adjacent goaf areas in open-pit mines, belonging to the field of mine blasting vibration control technology. Background Technology

[0002] In deep mining operations in open-pit mines, when the blasting area is adjacent to historically inherited or geologically unclear goaf areas, conventional production blasting can create a cumulative effect with the risks posed by the goaf. Seismic waves generated by blasting can propagate to the weaker areas of the goaf, easily causing progressive damage to the surrounding rock, instability of critical blocks, and even triggering large-scale chain collapses, posing a serious safety threat to equipment and personnel below.

[0003] Blasting methods in this environment generally focus on optimizing the explosive charge structure or employing micro-delay blasting technology to control the vibration source. For example, Chinese patent application CN110595308A discloses a method for treating goaf areas using ultra-deep hole blasting in open-pit mines, comprising the following steps: Goaf detection: drilling holes in the goaf area and collecting information on the goaf's extent, roof thickness, and open area height using a 3D laser scanner or underwater sonar scanner to establish a 3D geological model; Goaf perforation: based on the goaf morphology obtained from the detection data, drilling main blasting holes, cutting holes, and auxiliary holes at the top and surrounding areas of the goaf using a geological drilling rig, and placing slag buckets at the hole openings to ensure a high success rate; charging, backfilling, and blasting. This method for treating goaf areas using ultra-deep hole blasting in open-pit mines can, on the one hand, treat the goaf in a single caving operation, avoiding the safety hazards of secondary compensation during goaf recovery due to layered treatment; on the other hand, it solves the safety technical problems that plague open-pit mining under complex goaf conditions. However, its vibration reduction effect often has a bottleneck when facing complex goaf structures, and may still cause the vibration velocity or acceleration in key areas to exceed the standard, which will affect the goaf structure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by this utility model is to provide a safe blasting charge structure for open-pit mines near goaf areas, addressing the impact of blasting impacts on the goaf structure.

[0005] This utility model is achieved using the following technical solution: A safe blasting charge structure for open-pit mines near goaf areas includes a vibration damping and buffering structure installed on one side of the borehole wall near the goaf area, and a shaped charge shield installed on the other side of the borehole wall away from the goaf area. The shaped charge direction is towards the direction away from the goaf area. Both the vibration damping and buffering structure and the shaped charge shield extend along the charge direction of the borehole. Explosives are filled in the space between the vibration damping and buffering structure and the shaped charge shield to form a charge section.

[0006] In a safe blasting charge structure for an open-pit mine adjacent to a goaf, a partition is further provided between the vibration damping and buffer structure and the charge section. The partition extends along the charge direction of the blast hole, separating the charge section and the vibration damping and buffer structure.

[0007] In a safe blasting charge structure for an open-pit mine adjacent to a goaf, a buffer layer is further provided between the partition and the vibration damping buffer structure. The buffer layer is a buffer material attached to the partition.

[0008] In the safety blasting charge structure for an open-pit mine adjacent to a goaf, the vibration damping and buffering structure is further described as a honeycomb buffer structure.

[0009] In the safety blasting charge structure for an open-pit mine adjacent to a goaf, the energy-concentrating cover is a conical cover with its large end facing the borehole wall, and the energy-concentrating cover and the partition are connected as an integral structure by a connecting rod.

[0010] In a safe blasting charge structure for an open-pit mine adjacent to a goaf, the energy-concentrating cover is further provided with reinforcing ribs arranged along the charging direction of the blast hole, and the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the energy-concentrating cover through the reinforcing ribs.

[0011] In a safe blasting charge structure for an open-pit mine adjacent to a goaf, the partitions and the shaped charge shields are further segmented and spliced ​​along the charge direction of the blast hole by a splicing structure. The splicing structure includes a first buckle set between adjacent partitions and a second buckle set between adjacent shaped charge shields. After being spliced ​​together by the buckle structure, the adjacent partitions and adjacent shaped charge shields are bound and fixed by fixing straps.

[0012] In a safe blasting charge structure for an open-pit mine adjacent to a goaf, the charge section is further formed by emulsion explosive injected at the blasting site between a vibration damping and buffer structure and a shaped charge cover.

[0013] In a safe blasting charge structure for an open-pit mine adjacent to a goaf, the charge section further includes a detonator buried in the explosive and a detonating cord connected to the detonator and extending to the outside of the blast hole. The detonating cord is embedded and fixed in an installation groove on a partition plate.

[0014] In a safe blasting charge structure for an open-pit mine adjacent to a goaf, the top of the charge section is further filled with blasting mud through a pad plate to form a hole-filling section.

[0015] The present invention, by adopting the above-described technical solution, has the following beneficial effects: (1) According to the positional relationship between the blasting area and the goaf, the present invention arranges a vibration damping and buffer structure and an energy-concentrating cover in the blast hole laterally. The vibration damping and buffer structure absorbs and reduces the blasting energy transmitted to the goaf, while accurately blasting the blasting area with energy-concentrating blasting. This ensures the blasting effect of the open mine while reducing the disturbance to the underground goaf structure.

[0016] (2) The vibration damping and buffering structure of this utility model is also equipped with a buffer layer formed by the buffer material on the partition plate, which respectively absorbs the high-frequency shock wave of blasting energy and consumes the low-frequency vibration energy, and can more effectively reduce the blasting energy transmitted to the goaf.

[0017] (3) This utility model separates the vibration damping and buffer structure and the charge section by a partition, and re-separates the charge space in the borehole by the partition and the energy-concentrating cover, thereby realizing the transverse charge structure arrangement of the vibration damping and buffer structure, the charge section and the energy-concentrating cover in the borehole.

[0018] (4) The present invention connects the partition and the energy-concentrating cover by connecting rods and adopts a modular structure that is segmented and spliced ​​along the direction of the blast hole loading. It can adapt to blast holes of different depths by on-site assembly, and also facilitates the storage and transportation of each component, thus improving the convenience of loading construction.

[0019] In summary, the safety blasting charge structure for open-pit mines adjacent to goaf areas provided by this utility model, through the synergy of a vibration damping buffer structure and a shaped charge cover, releases blasting energy in a directional manner during open-pit mine blasting, effectively suppressing the blasting impact energy transmitted to the underground goaf area. This achieves a dual improvement in blasting efficiency and safety under goaf conditions, solves the safety technical problems that have plagued open-pit mines under complex goaf conditions, and provides a guarantee for improving mine production capacity.

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of a safe blasting charge structure for an open-pit mine adjacent to a goaf, as shown in the embodiment.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the transverse cross-section of a safe blasting charge structure for an open-pit mine adjacent to a goaf, as shown in the embodiment.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the partition assembly in the embodiment.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the energy-concentrating shield assembly in the embodiment.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the orifice filling section in the embodiment.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the open-pit mine blasting area and adjacent goaf in the embodiment.

[0027] The diagram labels are as follows: 1-Detonating cord, 2-Orifice filling section, 21-Plate, 3-Baffle, 31-First buckle, 32-First fixing strap, 33-First connecting rod mounting hole, 34-Detonating cord mounting groove, 4-Buffer layer, 5-Vibration damping and buffering structure, 6-Charging section, 7-Connecting rod, 8-Detonating detonator, 9-Shaped charge cover, 91-Second buckle, 92-Second fixing strap, 93-Second connecting rod mounting hole, 94-Reinforcing rib, 90-Shaped charge cavity, 100-Blast zone, 101-Blast hole, 200-Goaf, 201-Microseismic sensor array. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Example

[0029] See Figure 1 and Figure 6 The diagram illustrates a specific embodiment of the present invention: a safe blasting charge structure for an open-pit mine adjacent to a goaf. The blasting zone 100 is located below a slope and is part of an open-pit mine. An underground goaf 200 is located beneath the slope. In addition to filling the blast holes 101 in the blasting zone with explosives, a vibration damping structure 5 is installed on the side wall of the blast hole 101 closest to the goaf 200, and a shaped charge shroud 9 is installed on the other side wall away from the goaf 200. The shaped charge direction is towards the direction away from the goaf 200. Both the vibration damping structure 5 and the shaped charge shroud 9 extend along the blast hole's charging direction. Explosives are filled in the space between the vibration damping structure 5 and the shaped charge shroud 9 to form a charging section 6.

[0030] In a further embodiment, a partition 3 is provided between the vibration damping and buffer structure 5 and the charging section 6. The partition 3 extends along the charging direction of the borehole and separates the charging section 6 and the vibration damping and buffer structure 5. A buffer layer 4 is also provided between the partition 3 and the vibration damping and buffer structure 5.

[0031] See also Figure 2 In the cross-section of the blast hole charging structure, the vibration damping and buffering structure 5, the buffer layer 4, the charging section 6, and the shaped charge shroud 9 are arranged in the cross-section of the blast hole from near to far relative to the goaf. The charging section 6 is formed by filling explosives. The specific charging method, whether continuous or intermittent, can be selected according to the characteristics of the rock in the blasting area. The buffer layer 4 and the vibration damping and buffering structure 5 are located on the side of the charging section 6 closer to the goaf, absorbing and reducing the blasting energy transmitted to the goaf generated by the blasting of the explosives in the charging section 6. The shaped charge shroud 9 is located on the side of the charging section 6 away from the goaf, directing the energy generated by the blasting of the explosives in the charging section 6 away from the goaf for shaped charge blasting, guiding the direction of the explosion stress wave to achieve the effect of precise blasting in the blasting area.

[0032] Specifically, in this embodiment, the partition 3 is made of PVC board, and the vibration damping and buffering structure 5 is a honeycomb buffer structure as the main buffer structure for protecting the goaf, such as honeycomb aluminum. By prefabricating honeycomb aluminum columns with an arc-shaped cross-section identical to the inner wall of the blast hole, a vibration damping and buffering structure 5 is formed inside the blast hole, closely attached to the blast hole wall, mainly dissipating the low-frequency vibration energy in the blast shock wave. The buffer layer 4 is a buffer material attached to the side of the partition 3 near the vibration damping and buffering structure. It is preferably a rubber-aramid fiber composite buffer pad material, which can match the high frequency in the blast shock wave, absorb the high-frequency shock wave in the blast energy transmitted to the goaf, consume high-frequency energy, and work together with the honeycomb buffer structure to effectively suppress overall vibration and maintain the stability of the goaf.

[0033] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the shaped charge shield 9 is a conical shield with its large end facing the borehole wall. This conical shield is formed by two inclined planes at a fixed angle, with the apex of the angle facing the charging section and the opening of the angle facing the borehole wall, forming a shaped charge cavity 90 facing the borehole wall within the charging section 6. This expands the blasting energy away from the goaf when the explosive section is detonated. The shaped charge shield 9 is formed by bending sheet metal. In this embodiment, the shaped charge shield 9 and the partition 3 are connected as a single unit by a connecting rod 7. During charging, the partition 3 and the shaped charge shield 9 are inserted into the borehole together. At the same time, the relative position between the partition 3 and the shaped charge shield 9 is limited to prevent relative displacement of the shaped charge shield 9 relative to the vibration damping and buffering structure on the other side during the charging process, which would cause a change in the energy focusing direction.

[0034] Both the partition 3 and the shaped charge shield 9 need to be extended along the direction of the blast hole loading, and their length corresponds to the depth of the blast hole. In order to facilitate the storage, transportation and installation of the partition 3 and the shaped charge shield 9, in this embodiment, the partition 3 and the shaped charge shield 9 are both set to be spliced ​​in sections along the direction of the blast hole loading through a splicing structure.

[0035] The specific splicing method of partition 3 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the splicing structure between adjacent partitions 3 includes a first buckle 31 and a first fixing strap 32. The first buckle 31 is respectively set on the splicing side of the adjacent partitions 3. The partitions 3 can be quickly aligned and spliced ​​through the first buckle 31, and the partitions 3 after being inserted into the blast hole are prevented from being misaligned. Then, the first fixing strap 32 is used to bind and fix the spliced ​​first buckles 31 together to prevent the buckles from coming off.

[0036] The specific splicing method of the energy-concentrating shield 9 is as follows: Figure 4As shown, the splicing structure between adjacent shaped charge shields 9 includes a second buckle 91 and a second fixing strap 92. The second buckle 91 is respectively set on the splicing side of the adjacent shaped charge shields 9. The shaped charge shields 9 can be quickly aligned and spliced ​​by the second buckle 91, and the misalignment between the shaped charge shields 9 after being inserted into the gun hole is prevented. Then, the second fixing strap 92 is used to bind and fix the spliced ​​second buckles 91 together to prevent the buckles from coming off.

[0037] The partition 3 is provided with a first connecting rod mounting hole 33, and the shaped charge shield 9 is provided with a second connecting rod mounting hole 93. Both ends of the connecting rod 7 are respectively inserted into the first connecting rod mounting hole 33 and the second connecting rod mounting hole 93, and fastened by threads or adhesive, achieving an integral connection between the partition 3 and the shaped charge shield 9. The shaped charge shield 9 adopts a plate structure. To improve its stability in the longitudinal direction of the borehole, this embodiment provides reinforcing ribs 94 arranged along the charging direction of the borehole on the shaped charge shield 9. The second connecting rod mounting hole 93 on the shaped charge shield 9 is located on the reinforcing rib 94, and the connecting rod 7 is fixedly connected to the shaped charge shield 9 through the reinforcing rib 94. To improve the reliability of the connection structure between the partition 3 and the shaped charge shield 9, two parallel connecting rods 7 are arranged between the partition 3 and the shaped charge shield 9 for connection.

[0038] The segmented partition 3 and the segmented energy-concentrating cover 9 are connected into an integrated module by connecting rod 7. Modular assembly allows the partition 3 and the energy-concentrating cover 9 to be spliced ​​together simultaneously, enabling rapid assembly of both in the blast zone.

[0039] The buckles that connect the partitions 3 and the energy-concentrating cover 9 can be mortise and tenon buckles or clamp buckles. Buckles are mature connecting components, and this embodiment will not describe the buckle structure in detail.

[0040] In this embodiment, the baffle 3 and the shaped charge shield 9 arranged inside the borehole are connected by a connecting rod 7, which passes through the charging space between the baffle 3 and the shaped charge shield 9. The charging section 6 in this embodiment is formed by emulsion explosive injected at the blast site. The emulsion explosive is fluid and can automatically fill the charging space between the baffle 3 and the shaped charge shield 9. See again. Figure 1 In this embodiment, the charging section 6 also includes a detonator 8 embedded in the explosive and a detonating cord 1 connected to the detonator 8 and extending to the outside of the borehole. The detonator 8 is pre-placed at the bottom of the charging section of the borehole when the emulsion explosive is poured on site. The detonating cord 1 is embedded and fixed on the partition plate 3. The partition plate 3 is provided with a detonating cord mounting groove 34 for embedding the detonating cord 1. Figure 3 As shown, the detonating cord 1 is installed into the borehole together with the partition 3, which can prevent the detonating cord from shifting during the process of filling the emulsion explosive.

[0041] See also Figure 5After the explosive charge section 6 is loaded, a pad 21 is placed on top of the charge section 6. Boreholes on the pad 21 are filled with stemming material or sand up to the borehole opening, forming the borehole filling section 2 of the charge structure. Most of the blasting impact energy in the borehole filling section 3 is transmitted upwards from the bottom explosive section along the borehole. When assembling the vibration damping structure 5 and the shaped charge shield 9, the height of the vibration damping structure 5, the partition plate 3, and the shaped charge shield 9 can be the same as that of the charge section 6, eliminating the need to install the vibration damping structure and shaped charge shield in the borehole filling section 2, thus reducing blasting costs. In practical applications, the installation length of the vibration damping structure 5, the partition plate 3, and the shaped charge shield 9 within the borehole should cover the length of the explosive charge in the charge section 6.

[0042] The specific implementation steps of this embodiment are as follows: Step 1: Assemble the segmented shaped charge shield 9 and partition 3 on the ground using connecting rods 7. Attach a rubber-aramid fiber composite pad 4 to the side of partition 3 as a buffer layer. Then, splice the assembled shaped charge shield and partition modules using a splicing structure, and embed the detonating cord 1 connecting the detonating detonator 8 into the detonating cord mounting groove on partition 3.

[0043] Step 2: Place the assembled partition 3 and energy-concentrating cover 9 into the blast hole section by section, and simultaneously install the honeycomb vibration reduction structure module into the cavity between the side of the partition 3 near the goaf and the inner wall of the blast hole, and adjust the relative position of the honeycomb vibration reduction structure and the goaf.

[0044] Step 3: After loading the partition 3 and the shaped charge 9 to the predetermined height, high-power emulsion explosive is poured into the charging space between the partition 3 and the shaped charge 9 by the charging vehicle to form the charging section 6.

[0045] Step 4: Use clay to block the top of the explosive section 5 to form the orifice filling section 2.

[0046] When using this embodiment for blasting operations in an open-pit mine adjacent to a goaf, a microseismic sensor array 201 can be arranged within the goaf 200, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the vibration data of the goaf during each blasting process is collected by the microseismic sensor array 201, the blasting seismic wave transmission effect in the goaf is monitored in real time, and the blasting parameters for the next stage are optimized and adjusted.

[0047] In this document, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "vertical", and "horizontal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the purpose of clarifying the technical solution and for the convenience of description, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.

[0048] In this document, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which includes not only the elements listed but also other elements not expressly listed.

[0049] The above are merely specific embodiments of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A safe blasting charge structure for an open-pit mine adjacent to a goaf, characterized in that: A vibration damping and buffering structure is installed on the side wall of the blast hole near the goaf, and an energy-concentrating cover is installed on the other side wall away from the goaf. The energy-concentrating direction is towards the direction away from the goaf. Both the vibration damping and buffering structure and the energy-concentrating cover are arranged to extend along the blast hole loading direction. Explosives are filled in the space between the vibration damping and buffering structure and the energy-concentrating cover to form a loading section.

2. The safe blasting charge structure for adjacent goaf areas in open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: A partition is provided between the vibration damping and buffer structure and the charging section. The partition extends along the charging direction of the borehole to separate the charging section and the vibration damping and buffer structure.

3. The safe blasting charge structure for adjacent goaf areas in open-pit mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: A buffer layer is provided between the partition and the vibration damping structure, and the buffer layer is a buffer material attached to the partition.

4. A safe blasting charge structure for adjacent goaf areas in open-pit mines according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that: The vibration damping and buffering structure is a honeycomb buffering structure.

5. A safe blasting charge structure for adjacent goaf areas in open-pit mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy-concentrating shield is a conical shield with its large end facing the borehole wall, and the energy-concentrating shield and the partition are connected as a whole by a connecting rod.

6. A safe blasting charge structure for adjacent goaf areas in open-pit mines according to claim 5, characterized in that: The shaped charge shield is provided with reinforcing ribs arranged along the direction of the charge in the borehole, and the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the shaped charge shield through the reinforcing ribs.

7. A safe blasting charge structure for adjacent goaf areas in open-pit mines according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: Both the partition and the shaped charge shield are segmented and spliced ​​along the direction of the blast hole loading using a splicing structure. The splicing structure includes a first buckle between adjacent partitions and a second buckle between adjacent shaped charge shields. After being spliced ​​together using the buckle structure, adjacent partitions and adjacent shaped charge shields are secured by binding straps.

8. The safe blasting charge structure for adjacent goaf areas in open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charge section is formed by injecting emulsion explosive between the vibration damping and buffer structure and the shaped charge shield at the blasting site.

9. A safe blasting charge structure for adjacent goaf areas in open-pit mines according to claim 8, characterized in that: The charge section also includes a detonator embedded in the explosive and a detonating cord connected to the detonator and extending to the outside of the borehole. The detonating cord is embedded and fixed in a mounting groove on the partition plate.

10. A safe blasting charge structure for adjacent goaf areas in open-pit mines according to claim 9, characterized in that: The top of the charging section is filled with gun clay through a pad to form the orifice filling section.

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