A rock breaking test device
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522318564.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-10-31
AI Technical Summary
然而，硬岩体由于具有强度大、硬度高、完整性好和耐磨蚀性强等特性，使得截齿在破岩作业过程中面临着严峻的磨损问题，频繁且严重的磨损显著缩短了截齿的使用寿命，因此需要针对截齿破岩的工况进行研究试验，较好的视线对截齿真实切削运动的实际状况的模拟
1、本申请的破岩试验装置能够根据岩石式样的尺寸能够对岩石式样底座放置面进行扩展，通过与底置立板相连接的辅助板滑动于岩石式样底座内部，从而底置立板顶部的组装板能够紧密贴合在岩石式样底座外部，随后通过固定螺栓的设计固定，且组装板、底置立板和辅助板设置有两组，便于从岩石式样底座进行适配扩展使用，有利于岩石式样底座适配不同尺寸的岩石式样。
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Figure CN224839763U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of mechanical rock-breaking testing technology, specifically a rock-breaking testing device. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of non-explosive mechanized rock breaking, cutting picks, as a widely used type of rock-breaking tool, undertake crucial tunneling operations. However, due to the characteristics of hard rock masses, such as high strength, high hardness, good integrity, and strong wear and corrosion resistance, cutting picks face severe wear problems during rock breaking operations. Frequent and severe wear significantly shortens the service life of the cutting picks. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research and experiments on the working conditions of cutting picks in rock breaking, and to simulate the actual cutting motion of the cutting picks with a better visual perspective.
[0003] Currently, rock-breaking test devices for cutting teeth are mainly divided into two categories. One category is vertical drilling test of cutting teeth. Because it lacks consideration of the actual cutting motion of the cutting teeth, its conclusions lack sufficient credibility and accuracy. The other category is cutting test of cutting teeth. It can usually only test and analyze the influence of a small number of parameters on rock-breaking by cutting teeth. It cannot test and study the influence of changing multiple parameters at the same time on rock-breaking by cutting teeth. In particular, there is no test analysis of the influence of the change in cutting spacing caused by the cutting of a single cutting tooth at different positions of the rock sample on the cutting force and cutting energy consumption of the cutting teeth.
[0004] Therefore, in view of this, we have studied and improved the existing structure and its shortcomings, and proposed a rock-breaking test device. Utility Model Content
[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides a rock-breaking test device that solves the problems mentioned in the background section.
[0006] The rock-breaking test device of this application includes an axial force loading mechanism. The axial force loading mechanism is internally provided with an adjustment component for position movement. The adjustment component includes a base plate. A lead screw is rotatably installed inside one side of the base plate, and a base is threaded on the outer surface of the lead screw. A guide rod is slidably installed inside the base near the lead screw. A rock sample base is installed on the outer surface of the base. The top of the rock-shaped base is fixedly mounted with a cover plate by cover plate bolts, and a steel gasket is provided on the lower surface of the cover plate. A rotating shaft is rotatably mounted inside the cutting tooth base. A connecting column is fixedly provided on the outer surface of the rotating shaft, and a cutting tooth is installed at the end of the connecting column. The rotating shaft and the connecting column form a fixed structure with the cutting tooth base by cutting tooth bolts. An angle disk is provided on the outside of the cutting tooth base. A pointer is installed on the outer surface of the angle disk, and the end of the pointer is connected to the cutting tooth base. A sleeve is fixedly installed on the top exterior of the cutting tooth holder by cutting tooth holder bolts, and a hydraulic rod is fixedly installed inside the sleeve by sleeve bolts.
[0007] Furthermore, the bottom of the rock-shaped base is equipped with an adjustment component two for secondary position adjustment; Adjustment component two includes a connecting seat, on which a lead screw two is installed by internal threads, and a guide rod two is slidably disposed on the side of the connecting seat near the lead screw two.
[0008] Furthermore, a sleeve is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the angle disc, and the hydraulic rod is located in the middle of the sleeve.
[0009] Furthermore, the base has an elongated screw hole inside, and an axial force loading mechanism is fixedly installed on the base through the elongated screw hole and base bolts. A baffle is provided on the front side of the axial force loading mechanism, and a slide block is slidably installed on the bottom of the baffle. A viewing window is provided inside the baffle.
[0010] Furthermore, the connecting seat has an elongated screw hole II inside, and the connecting seat is fixed to the base through the elongated screw hole II and the rock-shaped base bolts.
[0011] Furthermore, an auxiliary plate is fixedly installed inside the rock-shaped base by fixing bolts, and a bottom plate is provided at the end of the auxiliary plate; an assembly plate is installed on the top of the bottom plate, and two sets of assembly plates, auxiliary plates and fixing bolts are provided.
[0012] Furthermore, a high-speed camera is provided on the front side of the axial force loading mechanism, and a thermal imager is installed on the rear side of the axial force loading mechanism. An acoustic emission sensor is provided on one side of the axial force loading mechanism.
[0013] This application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The rock breaking test device of this application can expand the placement surface of the rock sample base according to the size of the rock sample. The auxiliary plate connected to the bottom plate slides inside the rock sample base, so that the assembly plate on the top of the bottom plate can fit tightly against the outside of the rock sample base. Then, it is fixed by the design of fixing bolts. The assembly plate, bottom plate and auxiliary plate are provided in two sets, which facilitates the adaptation and expansion from the rock sample base and is beneficial for the rock sample base to adapt to rock samples of different sizes.
[0014] 2. The rock-breaking test device of this application can realize dynamic loading during the cutting process, use an axial force sensor to monitor the change law of cutting force during rock breaking, use an acoustic emission sensor to monitor the dynamic evolution characteristics of crack initiation to propagation, use a thermal imager to monitor the change of thermal field in the cutting zone, use a high-speed camera to dynamically capture the rock failure process, and use a stress sensor to monitor the stress change law in the rock fracture zone. This test device provides an important basis for further exploring the rock-breaking mechanism of cutting teeth under complex environmental conditions, accurately optimizing the design of cutting tooth cutting parameters and the arrangement of cutting teeth on the cutting head, improving rock breaking efficiency, and reducing cutting tooth wear. Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this application, the accompanying drawings used in this application will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the rock-breaking test device of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the axial force loading mechanism in the rock breaking test device of this application; Figure 3 This is a side view of the rock-breaking test device of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the sleeve in the rock-breaking test device of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment component two in the rock-breaking test device of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the rock sample base and auxiliary plate in the rock breaking test device of this application.
[0017] In the diagram: 1. Axial force loading mechanism; 2. Baffle; 3. Slide; 4. Viewing window; 5. Adjustment component one; 501. Base plate; 502. Lead screw one; 503. Base; 504. Guide rod one; 505. Long threaded hole one; 506. Base bolt; 6. Rock sample base; 7. Sleeve; 8. Hydraulic rod; 9. Sleeve bolt; 10. Cutting tooth holder bolt; 11. High-speed camera; 12. Acoustic emission sensor; 13. Cutting tooth holder; 14. Angle dial; 15. Pointer; 16. Cutting 17. Gear seat bolt; 18. Rotating shaft; 19. Connecting column; 20. Cutting tooth; 21. Adjustment component two; 2001. Connecting seat; 2002. Rock-shaped base bolt; 2002. Long bolt hole two; 2003. Guide rod two; 2004. Screw rod two; 21. Connecting plate; 22. Adapter plate; 23. Cover plate; 24. Cover plate bolt; 25. Rock-shaped sample; 26. Steel gasket; 27. Assembly plate; 28. Bottom upright plate; 29. Auxiliary plate; 30. Fixing bolt; 31. Thermal imager. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.
[0019] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the rock-breaking test device provided in this application includes an axial force loading mechanism 1, and the axial force loading mechanism 1 is internally provided with an adjustment component 5 for position movement; Adjustment component 5 includes a base plate 501, a lead screw 502, a base 503, and a guide rod 504. Adjustment component 5 includes an elongated screw hole 505 and a base bolt 506. The base 503 has an elongated screw hole 505 inside. An axial force loading mechanism 1 is fixedly installed on the base 503 through the elongated screw hole 505 and the base bolt 506. By rotating the lead screw 502 clockwise or counterclockwise, the base 503 on the outer surface of the lead screw 502 can be driven... The guide rod 504 restricts the left or right horizontal movement, which is beneficial to control the distance between the rock sample 25 fixed above the base 503 and the left or right side of the cutting tooth 19 through the above operation, so as to study the effect of the spacing of multiple rock cuttings on rock breaking performance under the same cutting thickness. The cutting spacing of the test is a multiple of the cutting thickness and increases in an arithmetic sequence. For example, it can be set to 3mm, 6mm, 9mm, 12mm, 15mm, and the distance of the left and right translation of the base 503 is matched accordingly. In addition, the above-mentioned method of fixing the base 503 makes it easy to fix the base 503 without turning multiple sets of base bolts 506. Furthermore, the base 503 can be adjusted to the left or right position using the design of the elongated screw hole 505 according to the needs of use, and then fixed by the base bolts 506 with respect to the axial force loading mechanism 1, which makes it easy for the user to choose the fixing method according to the needs of use.
[0020] In some specific embodiments, optionally, the base 503 is 200~300mm long and 150~250mm wide, and the base bolt 506 is a hexagonal head bolt with a specification of M12×1.75×60, and 4~8 base bolts 506 are installed.
[0021] A lead screw 502 is rotatably mounted inside one side of the base plate 501, and a base 503 is threaded onto the outer surface of the lead screw 502. A guide rod 504 is slidably mounted inside the base 503 on the side near the lead screw 502. A rock-shaped base 6 is mounted on the outer surface of the base 503, and an adjustment component 20 for secondary position adjustment is provided at the bottom of the rock-shaped base 6.
[0022] In some embodiments, the adjustment component 20 includes a connecting seat 2001, a guide rod 2004, and a lead screw 2005. The lead screw 2005 is threaded onto the inside of the connecting seat 2001, and the guide rod 2004 is slidably disposed on the side of the connecting seat 2001 near the lead screw 2005. The adjustment component 20 includes a rock-shaped base bolt 2002 and a long threaded hole 2003. The long threaded hole 2003 is provided inside the connecting seat 2001. The connecting seat 2001 forms a fixed structure with the base 503 through the long threaded hole 2003 and the rock-shaped base bolt 2002. The clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the lead screw 2005 can drive the connecting seat 2001 relative to the base 503. The forward or backward movement of the 03-axis can be controlled by the guide rod 2004, which allows the connecting seat 2001 to move horizontally forward or backward. This operation controls the forward or backward distance of the rock sample 25 relative to the cutting tooth 19. In addition, the design of the sample base bolt 2002 and the long screw hole 2003 can fix the connecting seat 2001 after it has moved horizontally forward or backward. The above fixing method is convenient for users to use according to their needs. By controlling the forward or backward distance of the rock sample 25 relative to the cutting tooth 19, the effect of the cutting thickness on the rock breaking performance can be studied. The cutting thickness in the test generally increases in an arithmetic sequence, such as 3mm, 6mm, 9mm, 12mm, and 15mm.
[0023] The rock sample base 6 and the connecting seat 2001 are integrated into one structure. The distance of the rock sample base 6 to move forward and backward is matched with it. The rock sample base bolt 2002 is a hexagonal head bolt with a specification of M10×1.5×50. 4 to 8 rock sample base bolts 2002 are installed. The top of the rock sample base 6 is fixedly installed with a cover plate 23 by cover plate bolt 24. The lower surface of the cover plate 23 is provided with a steel washer 26. By adding steel washer 26 of different thicknesses, the front or rear contact position of the cutting tooth 19 and the rock sample 25 can be finely adjusted to study the effect of the cutting thickness on the rock breaking performance. The cutting thickness of the test increases in an arithmetic sequence. For example, it can be set to 3mm, 6mm, 9mm, 12mm, and 15mm.
[0024] It should be noted that the thickness of the added steel shim 26 is matched, and the length and width of the steel shim 26 are consistent with the specifications of the free surface of the rock sample 25, so that the steel shim 26 can be perfectly embedded between the rock sample base 6 and the rock sample 25. The total thickness of the steel shim 26 cannot exceed the front edge of the cover plate 23. The rock sample 25 is installed on one side of the outer surface of the steel shim 26. A cutting tooth seat 13 is installed on the top of the rock sample 25, and a rotating shaft 17 is rotatably installed inside the cutting tooth seat 13. A connecting post 18 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the rotating shaft 17, and a cutting tooth 19 is installed at the end of the connecting post 18. The top of the cutting tooth seat 13 is externally open. A sleeve 7 is fixedly installed on the cutter head bolt 10, and a hydraulic rod 8 is fixedly installed inside the sleeve 7 by the sleeve bolt 9. The baffle 2 is opened along the horizontal direction of the slide block 3, and the worker places the rock sample 25 on the upper surface of the rock sample base 6. Then, the cover plate 23 is used to hold the rock sample 25 from above, and the cover plate bolt 24 is used to fix the cover plate 23 to the rock sample base 6, thereby fixing the rock sample 25 between the rock sample base 6 and the cover plate 23. The cover plate bolt 24 is a hexagonal head bolt with a specification of M10×1.5×50, and three cover plate bolts 24 are installed.
[0025] like Figure 6 As shown, the rotating shaft 17 and the connecting column 18 form a fixed structure with the cutting tooth seat 13 through the cutting tooth bolt 16. An angle plate 14 is provided on the outside of the cutting tooth seat 13. A pointer 15 is installed on the outer surface of the angle plate 14, and the cutting tooth seat 13 is fixedly installed at the end of the pointer 15. A sleeve 7 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the angle plate 14, and the hydraulic rod 8 is located in the middle of the sleeve 7. According to the test requirements, the tilt angle between the cutting tooth 19 and the rock sample 25 is controlled by rotating the cutting tooth seat 13. After rotating the rotating shaft 17 and the connecting column 18 about the cutting tooth seat 13 to the required angle, it is fixed by the cutting tooth bolt 16. The effect of the tilt angle on the rock breaking performance is studied by rotating the cutting tooth seat 13. 4 to 6 cutting tooth seat bolts 10 are installed, and the tilt angle is set to 0°, 2°, 4°, 6° and 8°.
[0026] According to the experimental requirements, the cutting tooth 19 is installed and fixed to the lower part of the cutting tooth seat 13 using the cutting tooth bolt 16. By adjusting the contact angle between the cutting tooth 19 and the rock sample 25, the influence of the cutting angle on the rock breaking performance is studied. Two cutting tooth bolts 16 are installed, and the cutting angles are set to 40°, 45°, 50°, 55° and 60°.
[0027] like Figure 6 As shown, an auxiliary plate 29 is fixedly installed inside the rock sample base 6 by fixing bolts 30, and a bottom plate 28 is provided at the end of the auxiliary plate 29. An assembly plate 27 is installed on the top of the bottom plate 28. There are two sets of assembly plate 27, auxiliary plate 29 and fixing bolts 30, which can expand the placement surface of the rock sample base 6 according to the size of the rock sample 25.
[0028] It should be noted that the auxiliary plate 29 connected to the bottom plate 28 slides inside the rock sample base 6, so that the assembly plate 27 on the top of the bottom plate 28 can fit tightly against the outside of the rock sample base 6. It is then fixed by the design of the fixing bolts 30. There are two sets of assembly plate 27, bottom plate 28 and auxiliary plate 29, which facilitates the adaptation and expansion of the rock sample base 6. This is beneficial for the rock sample base 6 to adapt to rock samples 25 of different sizes. A high-speed camera 11 is provided on the front side of the axial force loading mechanism 1, and a thermal imager 31 is installed on the rear side of the axial force loading mechanism 1. An acoustic emission sensor 12 is provided on one side of the axial force loading mechanism 1.
[0029] By changing the cone angle of the cutting teeth 19 to different cone angles, the effect of the cone angle of the cutting teeth 19 on the rock breaking performance was studied. The cone angle of the cutting teeth increased in an arithmetic sequence and was set to 60°, 70°, 80°, 90° and 100°. The axial force sensor was installed on the axial force loading 15, the acoustic emission sensor 12 was installed on the side of the rock sample 25, the thermal imager 31 was installed at the rear of the rock breaking test device, the high-speed camera 11 was installed at the front of the rock breaking test device, and the stress sensor was attached to the surface of the rock sample 25. Then the axial force sensor, acoustic emission sensor 12, thermal imager 31, high-speed camera 11 and stress sensor were activated.
[0030] Among them, the thermal imager 31 can be the Testo890 thermal imager, with a temperature measurement range of -50℃ to 1200℃, an infrared resolution of 640×480, and a thermal sensitivity of 0.03℃; the high-speed camera 11 can be the PhotronFastcamNovaS208 high-speed camera, which can reach 20,000 frames per second at a maximum resolution of 1024×992 pixels and 62,500 frames per second at 512×512 pixels.
[0031] The embodiments described in this application are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the application to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of this application, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand this application and design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.
Claims
1. A rock-breaking test device, characterized in that: The axial force loading mechanism (1) includes an axial force loading mechanism (1) with an adjustment component (5) for position movement inside. The adjustment component (5) includes a base plate (501). A lead screw (502) is rotatably installed inside one side of the base plate (501). A base (503) is threaded on the outer surface of the lead screw (502). A guide rod (504) is slidably installed inside the base (503) on the side close to the lead screw (502). A rock-shaped base (6) is installed on the outer surface of the base (503). The top of the rock-shaped base (6) is fixedly mounted with a cover plate (23) by cover plate bolts (24), and a steel gasket (26) is provided on the lower surface of the cover plate (23). A rotating shaft (17) is rotatably mounted inside the cutting tooth seat (13). A connecting column (18) is fixedly provided on the outer surface of the rotating shaft (17), and a cutting tooth (19) is installed at the end of the connecting column (18). The rotating shaft (17) and the connecting column (18) are fixedly mounted with the cutting tooth seat (13) by cutting tooth bolts (16). An angle disk (14) is provided on the outside of the cutting tooth seat (13). A pointer (15) is installed on the outer surface of the angle disk (14), and the end of the pointer (15) is connected to the cutting tooth seat (13). A sleeve (7) is fixedly installed on the top exterior of the cutting tooth seat (13) by a cutting tooth seat bolt (10), and a hydraulic rod (8) is fixedly installed inside the sleeve (7) by a sleeve bolt (9).
2. The rock-breaking test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the rock-shaped base (6) is provided with an adjustment component two (20) for secondary position adjustment; Adjustment component two (20) includes a connecting seat (2001), on which a lead screw two (2005) is threadedly installed, and a guide rod two (2004) is slidably arranged on the side of the connecting seat (2001) near the lead screw two (2005).
3. The rock-breaking test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sleeve (7) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the angle plate (14), and a hydraulic rod (8) is located in the middle of the sleeve (7).
4. The rock-breaking test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (503) has an elongated screw hole (505) inside. An axial force loading mechanism (1) is fixedly installed on the base (503) through the elongated screw hole (505) and the base bolt (506). A baffle (2) is provided on the front side of the axial force loading mechanism (1), and a slide block (3) is slidably installed on the bottom of the baffle (2). A viewing window (4) is provided inside the baffle (2).
5. The rock-breaking test apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting seat (2001) has an elongated screw hole (2003) inside. The connecting seat (2001) and the base (503) are fixed together by the elongated screw hole (2003) and the rock-shaped base bolt (2002).
6. The rock-breaking test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: An auxiliary plate (29) is fixedly installed inside the rock-shaped base (6) by fixing bolts (30), and a bottom plate (28) is provided at the end of the auxiliary plate (29); an assembly plate (27) is installed on the top of the bottom plate (28), and two sets of assembly plate (27), auxiliary plate (29) and fixing bolts (30) are provided.
7. The rock-breaking test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: A high-speed camera (11) is provided on the front side of the axial force loading mechanism (1), and a thermal imager (31) is installed on the rear side of the axial force loading mechanism (1). An acoustic emission sensor (12) is provided on one side of the axial force loading mechanism (1).